Battle of Alta River 1068 makore: zvikonzero nemigumisiro

The Battle of River Alta pakati Russian machinda, vanakomana Yaroslava Mudrogo, uye uto Polovtsian kwakaitika muna 1068. News yehondo ichi havasi dzakawanda yaMakoronike, asi Zvichakadaro hwava rimwe musazonetsanazve kupfuura pakati Russian-Polovtsian kukakavadzana. kurwa Izvi zvinofanira kuonekwa sezvo chikamu refu hondo pakati vaduku uye rekare Russian hurumende inowanzorimwa nyika Polovtsian.

prehistory

The Battle of River Alta waiva mugumisiro yapfuura Kusanzwisisana pakati pamachinda Russian uye Polovtsy. Historians conventionally rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu hondo:

• remakore rechi11;
• panguva yaitonga Vladimira Monomaha ;
• yechipiri hafu 12 - pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi13.

Muzana remakore rechi11 pachinzvimbo mundima Northern Black Sea Pechenegs vakagara itsva inowanzorimwa marudzi avo nguva vanoita nenguva dzirikure vachirwisa panyika Russian. Zvisinei, havana kuedza kukunda wechidiki mamiriro, vakanga kungogumira pakuti Vagari ukuru kubirwa vanhu vari kuenda muusungwa. nhamba yavo yakasvika zana anoverengeka zviuru vanhu, vari Old Russian wehurumende, maererano masayendisiti, paiva anenge mashanu uye vanhu mamiriyoni nehafu. Zvisinei, pasinei musiyano uyu nhamba yevanhu Cumans dzaiva nengozi kuti Russia. Kutaurwa rokutanga madzinza zvehondo izvi anongofamba anowanikwa Chronicle pasi gore 1061, apo vakarwisa nyika Pereiaslav apo akatonga mumwe wevanakomana vaduku Yaroslava Mudrogo.

prerequisites

Battle of Alta River kwakaguma pokukundwa Yaroslav. Chikonzero kukundikana ichi anofanira kutsvaka munhoroondo ezvinhu kuvapo Old Russian mamiriro muzana remakore rechi11. Kana panguva hondo pamwe Pechenegs machinda kushanda pamwe chete, zvino panguva zvinhu nguva mauto avo vakapesana, vachitevera panowanikwa kusabatana.

Mauto muchinda wacho havana raimiririra, sapakutanga, rimwe uto rehondo, ivo boyars vakasununguka kutamira kune mutongi mumwe, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo kunzwa tenzi zvizere pamusoro kunyika yake. Kunyange zvakadaro, hondo kurwizi Alta akaratidza mukana kubatana mauto mukutarisana nevakawanda kutyisidzira. Three Prince - Izyaslav Kievsky, Svyatoslav Chernigovsky uye Vsevolod Pereyaslavl - vakabatana pamwe chete kuti varwise muvengi nevakawanda. Zvisinei, havasi vose machinda akaita vachibvumirana. Saka, vakatora munin'ina wake Vseslav Polotsk, uye akabata naye somunhu mubatwa iri guru.

Battle nemigumisiro

Battle of Alta River kwakaitika muna September 1068. Akatungamirira mauto Polovtsian Khan Sharukan akapiwa zita remadunhurirwa Old. The anomboitika yakaguma pokukundwa eRussia, machinda vatiza pakurwa, uye Cumans vakatanga Nokutadzira pedyo Kiev, izvo zvakakonzera kusagutsikana vagari. Machinda akaramba kuronga kufamba idzva pamusoro muvengi, uye ipapo kwazvakarerekera rakatanga. Izyaslav Yaroslavich pachake vakatiza kuPoland kuna Mambo Boleslaw II, uyo akatuma mauto ake kuti kununurwa.

Second Prince Svyatoslav, pamwe diki navaranda akabuda kundosangana muvengi uye akaputsa mukuru rake rehondo. Izvi zvakaitika muna November 1068, pedyo netaundi Snovsk. First Novgorod Chronicle muduku recension kunyange inoshuma kuti Khan pachake Sharukan yakatorwa ne Russian kukupfura. Zvisinei, zvinoderedza ichi hakunganzi yakarurama kusvikira pakuguma, sezvo zvakaedza zvekare Years, narrating zvinhu izvi, haana kutaura zita atora Khan. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi Polovtsian kutyisidzira yave kupera zvachose, kunyange mumakore 70 remakore rechi11 akabata chiduku skirmish pakati pavo uye varwi Russian. Uyezve, hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti Polovtsian vatongi kubvira nguva nenguva kupindira munyaya dzomunyika muhondo pakati pamachinda Russian, dzimwe nguva kunyange vachiva vatsigiri vavo.

zvabuda

The Battle of River Alta Yaroslaviches pakati pehama uye Polovtsy anozivikanwa kwete chete kuhondo, asiwo enyika migumisiro nazvo kuti nhoroondo Old Russian mamiriro.

Pashure kukundikana machinda kuronga mutsva kurwisa Polovtsy Kiev vagari vakapandukira, akasunungura Vseslava Polotskogo uye vaifanira kudzivirira guta. Yokusagadzikana kupararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, akafukidza anoverengeka misha, uye vamwe vavo vari kusagutsikana akatungamirira Magi. Vagari Kiev vakabata simba kwemwedzi minomwe. Izyaslav atangazve simba achibatsirwa mauto Polish muna Vseslav Polotsky vakatiza muguta.

zviyero machinda

Battle of Alta River Polovtsy kwakatungamirira chakakomba dzakawanda enyika dambudziko. Pashure pemhirizhonga yemuna akarwadziwa, uye Izyaslav akagara pasi zvakare ushe muKiev, iye nehama dzake zvakabudisa muunganidzwa mitemo, yainzi "Chokwadi Yaroslav".

Resolution hama nehanya zvikurukuru kudzivirirwa muchinda, feudal uye seigniorial pfuma, pane munhu anogona kugumisa kuti Polovtsian nechisimba kwakatungamirira zvakakomba Kusanzwisisana pakati yepamusoro uye rezasi strata munzanga. Saka, hondo kurwizi Alta Polovtsy kwakaitika panguva apo pasocial kuzvipokanidza vava zvinowedzerwa muTestamende Russian mamiriro.