Nhoroondo kombiyuta kukura: anokosha kwawakabva.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta pakukura chokuita mazita akakurumbira masayendisiti vakafamba nechivimbo kune chinangwa chacho - kuti zviite kubudiswa yebasa kwevanhu tichibatsirwa michina.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta kukura. tichiverenga michina

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Kwemakore anoverengeka, wechiduku musayendisiti kwakasimbiswa mienzaniso anopfuura mashanu kadambari michina, achiedza kubatsira baba vake vaiona mitero. Muna 1645 iye akasika "Pascaline", iro kuita kuwedzera uye kubvisa.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) zvinganaka ane pakuverenga muchina, iyo akadana achiwedzera muchina. Iye akaita zvose svomhu kushandiswa.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - wokutanga muchina chirongwa raitungamirirwa yave rapera uye raiva nezvikamu zviviri: overenga uye anodhinda. Ndikaisa mberi-refu pfungwa muchina wacho ndangariro uye processor. Assistant musayendisiti Augusta Ada Lavleys kwakasimbiswa chirongwa chokutanga munyika nokuda kombiyuta.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta kukura. pfungwa itsva, zvitsva zvigadzirwa.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - yakaitwa muna 1888 maererano tabulator - kuwedzera muchina wemagetsi chinja. Richishandiswa kukura yepanchi nemakadhi Jaccard.

By makore 1900 ari vakawanda kugadzirwa inosanganisira zvemaziso macalculator uye gare gare electromechanical.

Forest - 1906 - nokuumba-electrode matatu Vacuum chubhu (triode). Izvi kuwanikwa kuti vakazova riwedzere nokuda kwezvisikwa kombiyuta.

Konrad Tsuze (Germany) tega mutsva, zvemaziso, muitiro mashoko muna 1938 binary romutemo. Muna 1941 iye akaonekwa nokuda electromechanical relays, izvo vaiona yokutanga kombiyuta yacho upravlyamym chirongwa. Iye kuita svomhu, kusanganisira akayangarara pfungwa.

Dzhon Mochli uye Presper Eckert - muna 1946 muPennsylvania yakatanga kombiyuta yekutanga. Iye ainzi ENIAC, aiva zvaitika chiite masimba.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - yemasvomhu uyo akagadzira nheyo "kuchengetwa chirongwa".

1949 - Cambridge University - mutsva Chirungu EDSAK aiva zvose zvinoumba zvemagetsi zvemazuva ano makombiyuta.

Nhoroondo kombiyuta kukura. The Soviet wokutanga.

Muna 1951, pakava SECM (diki yemagetsi kadambari machine), iro yambokurukurwa nemasayendisiti achitungamirirwa Lebedev murabhoritari pedyo Kiev. It yakazopiwa yagadzirwa, uye vamwe, zvakanakisisa izvo zviri sixties kwainzi kombiyuta "M-20" (akasika achitungamirirwa SA Lebedev), uyo akashanda se zviuru makumi maviri mashandiro por wechipiri.

Nhoroondo chidzoke makombiyuta. Kumarudzi namarudzi.

Computers vechizvarwa yokutanga (makore 50-60 remakore rechimakumi maviri). The huru chaikosha - the Vacuum chubhu. Vhoriyamu Large (nayo achiitei imwe nzvimbo 170 mativi metres) uye Kurema muchina (matani 30). Vavambi vangosarudza mudenderedzwa kombiyuta chikuru zvinoriumba: processor, ndangariro, wedzera-goho namano.

Computer chizvarwa chechipiri (makore 60-65 remakore rechimakumi maviri). Eremendi chawo - semiconductor transistors. Memory capacity (rinobva mumwoyo) yakawedzera 32 nguva, nokukurumidza yakawedzera 10 nguva. Kuderedza kukura uye uremu motokari, rakavimbika yavo yawedzera. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, izvo zvakaita kuti zvikwanisike dalneysheesovershenstvovanie zvirongwa, zvirongwa mitauro mitsva yakagadzirwa inokosha. Panguva iyi, akasika ıO processor unotanga kushandisa uchishandisa hurongwa.

chechitatu-chizvarwa makombiyuta ((Makore 1965-1970) akachinja chaikosha vakaisvoipa transistors pamusoro Integrated matunhu. Sezvineiwo kwakaderedza kukura makombiyuta, kukosha kwavo. zvino unogona kushandisa zvirongwa akawanda pamusoro chete machine. Anonyatsoratidza kutanga zvirongwa.

rudzi rwechina makombiyuta (1970-1984 biennium) The yekupindurwa chinhu chawo -. pamusoro chete Chip makumi ezviuru zvinhu. A chinokosha pakuwedzera mushandisi hwaro.

Nhau dzairamba pakukura makombiyuta uye ICT chokuita kuvandudzika pakati microprocessors, microcomputers kukura kuti vanhu vanogona zvavo. Stiv Voznyak yakatanga uremu kombiyuta musha wokutanga, uye ipapo - wokutanga pachavo kombiyuta.