Nhoroondo Islam uye Muporofita Muhammad

Around mugore 570 muguta Mecca, riri kuchamhembe-rokumabvazuva munharaunda Arabia ano, akaberekwa ari mukomana, ainzi Muhammad, uyo aizova Muporofita mumwe vatatu zvitendero zvenyika. Zvaiva naye uye vakatanga nhoroondo Islam.

mhuri yake vaiva mhuri Quraysh, uyowo akanga ari chizvarwa guta simba zvikuru. Vabereki Muhammad akafa mangwanani chaizvo: Abdullah Abdul-Muttalib akafa asati aberekwa mwanakomana wake, uye namai vake, Amina - pashure akanga 6 nemakore. Naizvozvo, nherera akarerwa sekuru vake, uyo aiva musoro genus Hashemites. By tsika, panguva iyoyo mumwe Muhammad duku akapa vaviri makore mumhuri Bedouin kuti akabatanidzwa yakakura zvakakwana basa rayo ramangwana. Nokuti ipapo awana chinokosha unhu hwakadai hwevanhu sokushivirira, kutsungirira, nesimba, zvakavanakira uye rudo kuvanhu. Uyezve, akadzidza achitsetsenura uye kudanana mupfumi uye anotaurisa mutauro, saka vadikamwa Arab Bedouins.

Apo Muporofita Muhammad ava nemakore 20, iye akabatana unoshambadzirana chirikadzi Khadija, izvo akazoroora. Vaiva vakunda vana uye vanakomana vaviri vafa achangoberekwa. Mumakore aya, muprofita aifamba chaizvo munyika uye nzvimbo yake yaaida raiva bako pedyo Mecca, apo zvakaitika yokutanga guru zvakaitika Islam. Kamwe, kana akagara uye aifungisisa mubako, aiva inzwi ngirozi Dzhibriilya, izvo murayiro Muhammad akataura mashoko vari panguva vashanu ndima pakati Surah 96 Mutsvene Korani wokutanga.

Pakutanga, Muhammad vaiita nyaya iyi chete nomudzimai wake uye neshamwari, asi gare gare, apo akanga atuma pasi kwezvakazarurwa itsva, iyo akadanidzira kubatana Mwari, nhamba vateveri vake vakatanga kukura. Pakati pavo vose nyore uye varombo varanda, uye yokumusoro kirasi Mecca. zvizaruro izvi uye kuva chikamu chebhuku dzvene vechiMuslim - neKorani.

Asi zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti vazhinji havana kugamuchira chitendero ichi. Vaiva vahedheni uye vakatenda vamwari vakawanda. In Islam, nekusiyana, mambo aiva kudavira muna Mwari mumwe chete, iye ndiye oga uye sole. Zvisinei, chokwadi izvi chete yanyatsosimba Muhammad Kuziva kuti chitendero chake kunoshamisa uye yakasiyana chaizvo muchihedheni.

Pashure pemakore kuparidza Muhammad nevateveri vake vakanga vavengi vakawanda, uyo Akatuka uye vakatambudzwa vateveri Islam. Kana muna 622 muporofita akava aiziva vakaronga kuedza kwake upenyu, akasarudza kuenda neshamwari dzake Yarsib, vakazochinja Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Medina. With chiitiko ichi, unonzi Hegira, rine kwayakatangira munhoroondo Islam.

In Medina, paiva nokukurumidza kukura uye kuparadzirwa chitendero rechiIslam, Islam hwapinda mukati anorwisana madzinza akawanda uye muuye nazvo pamwechete. Vatsigiri Muhammad vakava zvakawanda, uye pashure penguva yakati akaenda Mitemo Medina, uyo aiziva Muhammad muporofita waMwari uye akaumba munhu chete uye nyayawo munharaunda - vaMuslim Uma.

Muporofita Muhammad akafa musi June 8632, pashure pokurwara kwenguva refu. rufu rwake kwaiva kurasikirwa kukuru vaMuslim, vakarikunda sechipo nenjodzi. Pashure pezvose, mumwe commoner kubva Mecca haana chete shamwari guru uye mutongi mukuru, akaratidza kuti nyika nedzidziso huru rinoteverwa nemamiriyoni evanhu vakawanda emakore pamusara.

Zvisinei, hatingagoni kutaura kuti rufu reMuporofita akamira kana matsime kukura Islam munyika. Mune ramangwana, nhoroondo Islam aiziva caliphs zhinji uye ndiwo madzishe, uyo airidza chikuru basa rechitendero chavo - Mutsvene Korani kuti vanhu mushumo.

Nhoroondo Islam muRussia akatanga muna VI-VII remakore, kana panguva kuwedzera pamusoro Arab Caliphate, Islam hwapinda kuna North eCaucasus. Kubva ipapo, ipapo chakapararira pakati Volga aiva chitendero chikuru Yechinwiwa Horde, Astrakhan uye Kazan Khanate. Muna nhasi, Islam ndiyo yechipiri pakukura chitendero muna Russia. VaMuslim vanoumba unorema kubva Tatars, Chuvash, Bashkirs uye vanhu North eCaucasus.
Kubva pakutanga nhoroondo Islam akanga aziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa, nemateru nezvisingafadzi, asi chimwe chinhu chiri chokwadi: Vongai Muporofita Muhammad kuti asingaverengeki vanhu vemazera ose uye marudzi, Islam akava muenzaniso maitiro uye chinhu chinokosha muupenyu.