Bell - chii ichi? zvikepe bhero

Unogona kupindura mubvunzo kuti unounza pamwe chete muchikepe bhero, Ages squire wevarindi, rwizi ari Kola Peninsula uye Bay muna Primorsky Krai? Zvichida kwete. Common zvose izvi pfungwa ndiro zita - bhero. Uyu ndiwo mumwe wevaya zviitiko apo mutauro Russian sechipiriso pazita kunogona kuva zita chairo uye rakajairika. Ngationei zvinoreva shoko iri, sei uye kana akazviratidza mumutauro wedu.

Kwakatangira shoko

hapana unanimity kuti kwakabva shoko "bhero" pakati nyanzvi dzemitauro. Vamwe vanosimbirira kuti zvakaitika pamusoro Old kwechiSlavonic "ryndat" - ". Kuzunungusa" Other nyanzvi dzemitauro vanoti kuti zvichida rakanga rakumbirwa kubva Ages mutauro wokuGermany, uye bhero - dzakachinjwa vachiridza shoko ridder - «Knight».

Imwe pfungwa inoti kuti shoko "bhero" akapfuura mumutauro Russian kubva Chirungu. Kuti udzidze kubva British seamanship vezvikepe Russian kuvakwazve chikwata rin'i bhero ari kupfuura zvakajeka uye zviri nyore kutaura - ". Bhero urove"

Asi ngatirege vanyori venhau philologists nharo pamusoro Mabviro, uye vachagara kunzwisisa kuti chii chinorehwa neshoko "bhero", umo nguva rinoshandiswa.

Ngatitange vakuru nhoroondo kukosha.

youshe kusimudzirwa

Nhasi, kuti bhero rainzi yomuchinda vachengetedzi squires pre-Petrine nguva, anozivikanwa zvikurukuru kune nyanzvi kudzidza nezvenhoroondo Russian XVI-XVII emakore. Zvakaratidza kuti bhero - dare chinzvimbo, izvo zvinogona chete kutora vakomana kubva mhuri akapfuma uye simba. Chavainyanya basa raiva kutsigira uye kudzivirirwa mutongi panguva yokufamba uye yenzendo siyana. Panguva yemichato inokosha pa mumuzinda vakanga yakavakwa kana parutivi muridzi choushe. Rynda nguva dzose vaipfeka vakachenjera nguo uye vakabata inorema namatemo, sando. Pakutanga ari XVIII remakore, pambiru yakaguma.

Mumutauro ano Russian shoko "bhero" nenzira yokureva "wavarindi" kana "squire" harishandiswi uye historicism.

zvikepe tsika

Nhasi, kana vachiti "muchikepe bhero", zvinorevei muchikepe bhero, izvo kubva panguva Peter, akashongedzerwa mumwe chikepe. Vaifanira kuvapowo, uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Kutaura zvazviri, kana totaura zvose mitemo, bhero - hachisi bhero, uye ayo nenzwi riri kufananidzira kutanga zuva idzva mungarava. Saka, kwemazana emakore vaishandisa zita muchikepe bhero - bhero - zvazova tsika.

Pasinei nokuti zvikepe zvose ano vari vakapakata zvakawanda ano aramu mugadziriro, bhero richiri kushandiswa murwizi uye zvomumvura zvikumbiro munguva dzakaoma, somuenzaniso kana kutyaira kuine mhute kana panowanikwa pakaita mungarava.

Kana iye akazviratidza pamusoro Russian nezvikepe?

Munguva Peter I, ari kushingaira kutanga Russian Navy uye akadzidziswa unyanzvi wekushandisa vatorwa vezvikepe Russian, pamwe itsva mashoko, mirayiro, uye akaonekwa bhero chikepe mitemo. vezvikepe Russian nechikepe zvikepe, zvikepe izvo vanoshandisa Chirungu chikwata "kurova bhero» (rin'i bhero), akamutakura akaenda naye, kwete chaizvoizvo kufunga nezvezvinoreva. Nokufamba kwenguva, isinganzwisisiki vatorwa chikwata chave rakavapo mu mapfupi - ". Bhero urove"

zvinhu mabasa

Bell-bhero akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha muupenyu muchikepe, vakasamushumira chete kuti tizive nguva, asi kuti chikwata kuvaka muunganidzwa kana musaridzisa, kuvapo kwayo mune dutu kana bvungapfunga. Uyezve, vafambisi vanoona yorudzii Mascot muchikepe uye kudzivirira.

Isai bhero pauta muchikepe, uye unobereka zita mudziyo. Kuti tizive nguva vafambisi vechikepe 'urove bhodhoro "hafu awa ose. Izvi imhaka yokuti pamberi ngarava dzakanga chete imwe hourglass ane kunonyanyisa penguva maminitsi 30. Special mukwasvi yakawana kana nejecha peppered kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi ndiro, akatendeuka wachi uye achirova mabhodhoro. Ship bumbiro zvakajeka rinotsanangura sei mabhodhoro zvingani kurova sezvo Navy zuva rakakamurwa zvina nguva, chimwe nechimwe gwa yakatarwa nhamba anorova. Saka, nenguva 12 o'clock, kureva, masikati, yakarova katatu.

For vezvikepe bhero - harisi chete uye kwete zvakawanda munhu chiridzwa chiratidzo. Kazhinji ndiwo Mascot Kurutivi rwokunze izvo, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, ndiye muchikepe zita.

Marine zviratidzo

Vafambisi - vanhu vane mashura, uye zvakadaro chiratidzo chinokosha chikepe sechinhu bhero, kwakabatana mijenya zviratidzo, pakuti zvino kutenda:

• Chimwe chezvinhu zviratidzo yekare, vakauya kunyange pangarava, zvinofungidzirwa kuti kurira simba muchikepe wechikepe bhero anogona kudzikamisa dutu mupopoti rwegungwa dzinga dhiabhorosi uye.
• Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero chikepe anochinja zita raro, bhero inoramba chete, uye tsaru zita.
• Kuri kuti ngarava yakanga mwana, kazhinji muchinjikwa kana kurira muchikepe wechikepe bhero, uye dzimwe nguva pachako.
• Apo muchikepe bhero kurira mitswi kana pasina chikonzero, kuti vashandi vari kumirira dzokutambudzika uye matambudziko zvimwe mhando.
• Ani anoba kana kukuvadzwa muchikepe bhero, panguva pachake dambudziko.
• Kuti anzwe kurira chikepe kuti bhero mungarava chikepe - miedzo kana rufu chakakomba.

mazita nenzvimbo

Asi kunze enhoroondo uye nepagungwa kukosha, uye bhero inoshandiswa mazita panzvimbo. Map Russia ine Rynda mhenderekedzo pachitsuwa Russian ari Primorsky Yoga uye rwizi pamwe zita chete pamusoro Kola Peninsula. Zvinofadza kuti zita rwizi, sezviri pachena, rinobva Russian "ryndat" "kuzununguka" akwegura zvinokosha, asi apo pakapinda nyika wakaunganidza zita raro kukudzwa Russian corvette bronepalubnogo "Rynda", akayangarara muna Pacific Ocean muna XIX remakore.

Rynda River iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva Kola Peninsula uye mainozonodira muGungwa Barents.

Nokuti rwizi urwu chaizvo, uye pane nemapopoma vatatu. In yokumusoro chikamu nemhenderekedzo pamawere, twi uye simba, uye Mangondo nzvimbo yaiteverwa yakabvooka. Pazasi pamhenderekedzo Rynda zvikuru munyoro uye pasi. Sezvo Mangondo nemapopoma zvinopa hwakakwana mikana "ryndat". rwizi Izvi inozivikanwa kwayo hove, anouya uye makuru Atlantic Sarimoni uye gungwa Rainbow, mashava Rainbow vagere uye peArctic kwaIsakari. On okumusoro kunosvika pakati kwokurangana yakawanda burbot, Pike uye knot.

In Primorye, chitsuwa Russian, chikamu muganhu Vladivostok guta, ndiye Rynda Bay, mapikicha paunogona kuona pazasi. Rinoreva gungwa Japan uye riri kumadokero chikamu chacho, pakati bays pakati Voivod uye Babkin. Kureba matombo uye pamawere kwemhenderekedzo Rynda Bay - makiromita anenge 5 pamwe nayo ndiyo mahombekombe, kare nevanhu pamwe veko. Hezvinoi: mooring kuti magwa, nzvimbo zvivako, uyewo akabhadhara Beach ane zita anonakidza "Holiday Rybakov." Feedback kubva mafeni hove, ichi ndipo chakanakisisa ikaruma seflounder.