Zvinoreva uye zvivakamutauro zviri zvisazitasingwi: zvinhu uye mitemo

The Morphology mutauro Russian inosanganisira nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzinonakidza. Nyaya ino inotaura chisazita sezvo zvikamu kutaura. Zvivakamutauro zviri zvisazitasingwi, kunyanya basa ravo mutongo - zvose akafukidza acho.

chisazitasingwi

The Morphology mutauro wokuRussia ndorwevaya ndandanda chinokosha chisazitasingwi. Ndizvo chikamu pakutaura kuti anogona kutsiviwa chero aizviti mukukurukurirana, pasina anodana chaizvo zvechiratidzo shoko. Chisazitasingwi zvinoreva uye zvivakamutauro zvinhu dziri pasi apa chete kunoreva zvinhu kana mananara, pasina achivapa zita zvakananga. Somuenzaniso, unogona kutsiva pazita imba chisazita iye, nhamba maviri - mune mamwe mashoko zvikuru chinhu chipauro yebhuruu sei - chisazitasingwi vamwe, uye zvichingodaro.

Kupatsanura zvisazitasingwi zvine musoro

Pane classifications akawanda. Saka, maererano netsika, iro anotakura shoko, voga oga zvisazitasingwi (iye, imi, isu), possessive (ake, zvako, tatsveyamisa), indekisi (uyo, a), Nokuzivikanwa (chete vakawanda, mumwe), voprositelno- hama (kuti vane vari), isingagari (mumwe, vamwe, vamwe), kunaka (chinhu, hapana, hapana) uye reflexivo chisazita pachayo. Zvivakamutauro zviri zvisazitasingwi zvinoratidzwa pachishandiswa ayo tsika.

Personal, possessive, reflexivo, zvomuenzaniso

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa pachavo, possessive uye zvomuenzaniso zvisazitasingwi. Zvivakamutauro zviri pachake zvisazitasingwi - ndiye nokuvapo Mapato munhu, anogona kuchinja pamusoro nyaya, kuvapo muchikwata che chechikadzi ari 3rd munhu. Muenzaniso: On rwendo hove akanga anofara. The zvakataurwa ane chisazitasingwi (mu) kwaro kunoratidzwa zvakadai zviri sezvo 3rd munhu (mu kwokutanga muchimiro - ndiye), genitive, rume.

Zvivakamutauro zviri zvomuenzaniso zvisazitasingwi (uye possessive uyewo) akafanana zviratidzo ane chipauro; naivowo siyana kana, nhamba uye kuberekwa. Somuenzaniso, imba ino - kurota kwake. The zvakataurwa ane chisazita (kureva rume, ivo. Case) uye possessive chisazita (nepfambi nhamba, rume, iye. Case) ayo. Reflexivo chisazitasingwi haachinji ane dzose, tsika chimiro - pacharo.

Attributive, nokusingagumi, asina kunaka, interrogative-hama

Zvivakamutauro zviri zvisazitasingwi attributive zvinotevera: uwandu, munhui uye nyaya novimba pazita. zvikamu izvi kutaura sezvinoita possessive chisazita, asi pfungwa kuti generalized unhu. The chakanga abvumirana pazita. Somuenzaniso, rimwe zuva akava inodziya. Chisazitasingwi wose anobvumirana nemashoko pazita pauwandu, munhurume, nyaya.

Interrogative-hama zvisazitasingwi zvinoshandiswa mibvunzo uye mitsetse yakaoma somunhu chibooreso. Panyaya iyi, shoko iroro rinogona kuva interrogative mune rimwe akapoteredza uye hama - mune mamwe: Chii vanoti pamusoro midziyo itsva? (Interrogative) - Akaudzwa kuti kutaura zvinhu zvemazuva itsva (hama). zvisazitasingwi izvi handishanduki, chete chete, uye kuti vatore chikamu mhosva.

Nokusingagumi zvisazitasingwi dzinoratidza nechokwadi chinhu uye vari aumba kubva interrogative nokuwedzera prefixes havasi - uye vamwe - kana suffixes - chinhu - chinhu - zvimwe. Saka, pamitemo yemitauro zviri chisazitasingwi kunoenderana kukosha kwayo. Pfungwa vaiona nesu zvikamu kutaura vari aumba kubva interrogative, asi zvinoshandiswa kuramba. Somuenzaniso: kwakanga risingazivikanwi inzwi yakati. The zvakataurwa zvisazitasingwi maviri: vamwe - kutaurwa uye hapana - kunaka.

Kupatsanura pakati zvisazitasingwi pamusoro zvivakamutauro chikonzero

Pavanotsiva mumwe kana mumwe mukukurukurirana, chisazita anoreva chimwe wavo. Naizvozvo kusiyanisa zvisazitasingwi, emazita, adjectives uye sezviverengo, izvo zvisina kunanga raireva nyaya, kana kuti nhamba chiratidzo.

Zvisazitasingwi, emazita avo kuti unogona kutsiva mumwe pazita, zvinoti: pachedu zvisazitasingwi, mubvunzo uyo uye chii uye vakadzidza navo kunaka kudzoka. Vakapindura mibvunzo emazita. The vaitaura vari kakawanda pasi chero yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita. Zvivakamutauro zviri chisazitasingwi pazita-wainyatsotaura kwakavakirwa relatedness aro imwe chikamu zvine musoro. Somuenzaniso, muchikwata pachavo ndivo vanhu, nhamba, nyaya, uye akaipa, dzoka uye nokusingagumi zvisazitasingwi, emazita hadzina akatorwa kuziva munhu.

Zvisazitasingwi, adjectives ndivo avo kuti vanobvuma kuti mubvunzo mazita uye adjectives parses basa tsananguro. Iri boka guru zvikamu kutaura, zvinosanganisira zvose possessive, vamwe chiratidzo (zvakadai, ichi, kuti, uye vamwe), vamwe mubvunzo (iyo, uyo) uye kuumbwa navo kujeka uye kunaka. Zvivakamutauro zviri mashoko ari muchikwata ichi akafanana zviratidzo adjectives, kureva, vane asiri wechigarire chikamu nyaya, vakadzi, nhamba.

Zvisazitasingwi, sezviverengo vari interrogative shoko uye sei nokusingagumi mashoko uyewo Rinobva nokusingagumi zvisazitasingwi izvi vazhinji. Of chete kuchinja pamusoro nyaya zvivakamutauro hunhu tinoberekwa pavo.

Syntactic basa zvisazitasingwi

Maererano nzira dzekuziva kuti unyorwe imwe muboka kubudikidza ukoshi nyore kuona zvivakamutauro zviri zvisazitasingwi. Parts kutaura dzinoitwa chisazita runoita kunan'anura nyore ayo syntactic basa. Somuenzaniso, muna mutongo "Akanyora mumwe tsamba," pane zvisazitasingwi vatatu kuti vaite zvakasiyana mabasa: mumwe (private) - pasi, ivo (private) - Uyezve, vamwe (attributive) - kutsunga.

Right kudana nhengo mazano azvaiitwa chisazita rubatsiro nyaya. Somuenzaniso, hapana nomumwe akagara pamberi mumba mako?. Anokumbira ndiani? - kwete - zviri pasi, mumba chii? wako - kutsunga. Pane mazano, izvo zvinosanganisira chete zvisazitasingwi: Hazvina navo. E iri - pasi, ivo - the Predicate. Vanoverengeka vavo; ivo - Uyezve, vakawanda - pasi.

Morphological tsika kushandisa zvisazitasingwi

Achitaura pamusoro zvivakamutauro nemitemo kushandisa zvisazitasingwi mune mitsara kana mitsetse, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera kuziva inonyanya chikanganiso. Izvi zvitatu possessive chisazitasingwi wake, avo, ake, ayo anowanzoshandiswa zvisiri. Somuenzaniso, egoshny, eyny, ndohwavo - ndiwo kwakakomba kutyora dzemunharaunda mutauro wokuRussia.

Kushandiswa zvisazitasingwi iye, iye, ivo, uye kazhinji zvinoda Kuwedzerwa tsamba "n" pakutanga kweshoko: ndiko - pasina payo - nezvazvo, ivo - zvavanazvo. Izvi zvakafanira shure rokuti. Kana pasina pembedzo, ipapo tsamba "n" shoko havasi zvinodiwa: vakamuziva, akamubvunza kuvaona.

Chisazitasingwi uye mashandisirwo

Zvisazitasingwi kuita mitsetse uye magwaro kutsiva mabasa. Uyu yakabatana zvimwe girama mashoko okuti. Somuenzaniso, baba wakaenda kuguta. Akanga kure kure. The baba kana guta rakanga kure? Hofisi mutungamiriri yakasvika, riri pamusoro rechishanu pauriri. Director muhofisi kana rechishanu pauriri? Kakawanda pane unoreva zvakawanda pakushandisa reflexivo chisazitasingwi uye possessive chisazitasingwi yaro: Mutungamiri akakumbira maneja kuuya kuhofisi yake (ane hofisi: Director kana maneja).

Zvisazitasingwi vari kuongorora bepa

Kuongorora basa mutauro Russian pane mabasa apo unofanira kuziva zvivakamutauro zviri pazita, shoko rechiito uye chipauro. Zvisazitasingwi zvinowanzotaurwa mune basa iri kutyora girama mitemo. The tafura pazasi rinopa mienzaniso mabasa akadaro.

Kazhinji anoita chisazitasingwi mundima chikamu lexical nzira yokukurukurirana pakati vaitaura. In certifying basa kundosangana tsanangudzo yokutaurirana vaitaura mundima. Somuenzaniso, unofanira kuona kuti vari ukama vaitaura: Basil vhiki nevhiki vakaenda kuguta kuti kunozvitenga. Kubva akauya zvibereko, bota uye zvihwitsi. Pindura: pachedu zvisazitasingwi maviri. Kana mumwe muenzaniso: Nhasi mvura. Izvi inoshamisa. vaitaura izvi syazany pedyo chisazita.

Saka, pamitemo yemitauro zviri zvisazitasingwi, morphological mitemo yavo kushandiswa kuziva kuti abudirire rasai bvunzo pamusoro mutauro wokuRussia.

Interesting ruzivo pamusoro chisazita

Nhoroondo paumbwe zvisazitasingwi sezvo zvikamu kutaura kunonakidza uye chinokosha. Somuenzaniso, I - pachake chisazita wokutanga munhu yakazonaka. Rinobva Old necheSalvic yaz, izvo zvimwe zvinoratidza tsamba yokutanga earufabheti - Az. Third-munhu zvisazitasingwi mumutauro vakadzidza pashure zvose. Izvi imhaka yokuti kare aripo uye zvomuenzaniso zvisazitasingwi, Ini, E, uyo anonzi kupati rechitatu. A ano zvisazitasingwi munhu wechitatu kubudikidza chero Kuchinja mashoko kubva muboka kune mumwe: kubva indekisi muchivande. History of mutauro wokuRussia anoziva nguva apo paive matatu zvomuenzaniso zvisazitasingwi. Vakanga akashandisa zvichienderana nenyaya kure kubva mukurukuri: Sh - pedyo kumutauri, MH - pedyo kusvika interlocutor, musi - asipo kana kutaura. Okuyerera possessive zvisazitasingwi zvichiri vanowanika: ine nyore uye possessive siyana (yangu) uye mubvunzo (uyo?), Uye asina chokwadi (munhu) uye kunaka (hapana).