Nyanzvi - nayo ... Basa Archeologist. Archeologists

Panotaurwa akiyoroji akatanga muGirisi yekare. Somuenzaniso, Plato ndakanzwisisa ichi kudzidza kare rokuti uye Renaissance zvaireva kudzidza nhoroondo Girisi uye Roma. In vatorwa sainzi, izwi iri nechokuita anthropology. The Russian akiyoroji - a nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza Zvisaririra zvinhu zvinobatana basa evanhu munguva dzekare. It paanodzidza Zvakafukunurwa panguva pamwe minda zhinji nesayenzi uye ane zvikamu wandei pakubata siyana eras uye tsika dzine.

Basa akiyorojisiti - a chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda uye zvinofadza basa

Vanhu vadzidze tsika uye upenyu mararamiro ekare, kudzorera kare mapfupa, ayo kunyatsoongorora kuchera panyika idzodzo kure. basa iri zvinoda kutarisirwa zvikuru uye akangwarira. Sezvo pamusoro nguva zvisaririra kare kuwedzera kusimba uye chakasakara.

Nyanzvi - munhu kuita Zvakafukunurwa kundotsvaka zvinyorwa yokutsvakurudza itsva. Kazhinji, basa iri zvichienzaniswa Detective basa. Basa matongo okusika, vachirayira kuteerera, fungidziro uye pfungwa - kuti recreate mashoko pristine mufananidzo munyika yekare kare.

Jobho akava nevakawanda kunyange muGirisi yekare uye Roma. Nechekare munguva idzodzo vaizivikanwa Stone, Bronze uye Iron Ages, yaiitisa dzakawanda zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo vakanyanya yekare mapurani sezvivako. Mune Renaissance, chikuru chinangwa matongo akanga - kuwana Antique zvivezwa. Somunhu yoga sayenzi, yakanga yakaumbwa mukutanga remakore rechi20.

Unhu hupi vanofanira kuva akiyorojisiti

Unofanira kuziva nevakawanda aunganidza nemasayendisiti mumunda rakasarudzwa dzavo mabasa. Izvi zvingava neolithic kana paleolith, ndarira, mangwanani simbi muSitiya nguva kare kungava necheSalvic-Russian akiyoroji, etc. The ndandanda haasi wakakwana, uye chinogona kuwedzerwa. Nyanzvi - a basa zvichiratidza, asi kunoda erudition uye masayendisiti kukwanisa enzanisa zvinyorwa zvakasiyana.

Munhu akadaro anofanira kuva pfungwa uye kukwanisa kudzivirira, nharo kwakavakirwa pfungwa pane manzwiro. Zvingava zvakaoma, asi unofanira kurega hypotheses dzavo, kana pane zvinhu kuti ndeyenhema navo. vanochera matongo basa rinoda unhu rinokosha - ndiwo murefu, kushingaira, kubata nguva. Vane zvakakodzera chaizvo panguva kupikidura.

Tinoda simba akanaka uye mumuviri kugwinya, sezvo basa matongo kakawanda chokuita Zvakafukunurwa kuitika okunze akasiyana. Plus kusavapo chisimbwa kuti makemikari zvokuvakisa. Nyanzvi - munhu anofanira kuva pakati nepakati, vakadzikama, vanokwanisa kushanda muchikwata.

Knowledge kunodiwa

Nyanzvi vanofanira kukwanisa kuswedera, kupenda, mufananidzo. Zvinokosha kwete chete kudzorerwa asiwo ndichengetedze simbi, ibwe, ivhu uye Organic zvokuvakisa (matehwe, mapfupa, huni, jira, etc.). Iva nechokwadi kuti vanoda kuva wakafara ruzivo anthropology, zvemutauro, ethnography, geodesy, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, zvemaumbirwo uye paleozoology. vanochera matongo Avo vanodzidza nhoroondo kare, anofanira kuva aiziva nhoroondo uye ebetsero anoranga (zvakawedzerwa, numismatics, palaeography, sphragistics, heraldry uye zvakawanda).

Vashandi Vanochera-munda unofanira kuva nezvoupfumi, varongi zvakanaka, vadzidzisi uye vanachiremba. Asi chinonyanya kukosha - vanofanira kukwanisa "nyika," verenga ayo akaturikidzana uye interlayer uye nemazvo enzanisa nemigumisiro kare.

Occupational zvirwere

Vanhu vanochera matongo vane chirwere zvavo, izvo kuchikutadzisa nzendo. Kakawanda iri gastritis kana gastric urikanwi, riri zvakananga novimba nezvokudya, sezvo chikamu kuipa ezvinhu dzokubikisa ikoko. rheumatism uye Sciatica zvakare zvakafanana, sezvo kazhinji vanochera matongo kurarama mumatende pasi mamiriro akasiyana ekunze. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, pane siyana arthrosis uye chearthritis.

Chii basa akiyorojisiti?

Chii kuita nevanochera matongo? Kwete chete Kucherwa pose, asi munhu mozaicheskimi zvimedu vanofanira kusarudza zvakarurama uye nokungwarira peta kupinda chimwe. It zvinowanzoitika kuti mhinduro chakavanzika kare kunotora makore akawanda. Asi yokupedzisira mugumisiro zviripo. Sezvo zviri saka zvinogoneka recreate kare kuti rinoita kuti nokusingaperi kuvanzwa norudo panyika.

Chii kuita nevanochera matongo? Ivo kudzidza zvinyorwa, ongorora navo uye zvadaro nechimwe siyana kare chinozivikanwa. Studies dzinosanganisira kwete chete kupikidura asiwo chikamu dhesiki apo basa kunoitika zvakananga zvinhu zvaishandiswa uye magwaro. Masayendisiti anogona kushanda kwete chete panyika asiwo pasi pemvura.

Yakakurumbira vematongo

Genrih Shliman - musayendisiti German akawana Troy. Uyu ndiwo mumwe wokutanga matongo mapiyona akatanga kudzidza kare. Akaberekwa 06.01.1822 gore. On a horoscope - Capricorn. Itsvo Kucherwa muSiriya, Egypt, Palestine, Greece uye Turkey. Chinenge hafu youpenyu hwake, Henry aiedza kuratidza nhoroondo kukosha Homeric epics. Akaedza kuratidza kuti zvose zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa muna nhetembo - kwete zvokungofungidzira asi chaicho.

Norwegian ANODZIDZA Thor Heyerdahl akaberekwa muna 1914, musi 6 October. Iye akanyorwa mabhuku akawanda. Neboka ramakororo taigara yakajeka, azere umhare zviitiko. Vazhinji mabasa ake kwakakonzera gakava pakati masayendisiti, asi zvakanga ngaavongwe Tura kufarira yekare nhoroondo dzavanhu dzenyika inowedzerwa zvikuru.

Kune anozivikanwa vematongo uye Russia. Izvi zvinosanganisira Boris Piotrovsky, akaberekwa muna 1908. Zodiac chiratidzo - Aquarius. Chinhu chinozivikanwa Russian wenhoroondo-orientalist uye academician. Akaongorora Zvivako vazhinji North Caucasus, Transcaucasia uye Central Asia. Nechekare muna 1949 akagadzwa Deputy Director kuti Science of Hermitage.

zvitambo zvakawanwa

Masayendisiti, vanochera matongo akapora 10 rinonyatsooneka anowana zvenyika, iyo yakawanikwa panguva Zvakafukunurwa:

• Rosetta Stone, yakawanikwa pedyo nomusha Rashid. Rinomirira granodiorite (dombo) pamwe chinyorwa Ptolemy V (mambo muIjipiti). Rakanyorwa yakaitwa yekare veIjipiti, Greek uye Demotic.
• Yana Milosskaya - yakakurumbira chidhori Greece yekare. Late yaitonga vaGiriki. Greek murimi mudiki akawanikwa muna 1820 mu pachitsuwa Milos. Asi maoko chifananidzo kuti zvikavengwa akakundikana.
• Angkor Wat (temberi guta) - iri kunoshamisa Monument chiBuddha kuCambodia. It chikamu kuzvivako temberi. Chakazarurwa ne mufambi French Anri Muo muna 1861. Zita reguta yakanga akazonzi rose yaitonga.
• Troy, Ilion - mukuru guta riri Peninsula pedyo Dardanelles. Troy akazivikanwa kwazvo nokuda nhetembo. On Kucherwa kwakaratidza 46 nemagariro akaturikidzana, kwoita anoverengeka nguva gare gare.
• Mycenae - rekare guta riri nechokumaodzanyemba kweGreece, Argolida. Zvinonzi vaiona kupfuura nepakati zveAegean tsika. Panguva Kucherwa vaakawana makuva zhinji, vaiva pfuma - minondo, nezvindori, ndarama nesirivha zvinhu, zvifukidziro, ndiro uye discs pamwe coining.
• Minoan budiriro yakawanikwa Arturom Evansom - Chirungu akiyorojisiti. Pamusoro kupikidura youshe uye dzimba guta, makuva dzawanikwa. Mumwe inozivikanwa zvikuru anowana - ibwe Disc pamwe zvakanyorwa nerumwe mutauro nyanzvi.
• Machu Picchu - Inca nhare guta tsvene. Ndakawana nyanzvi ake American Hayram Bingem. Izvi wakajeka ungwandangwanda - imwe mienzaniso yakanakisisa ibwe kuvakwa posleinkskogo. Monument akaramba 200 akasiyana kwakavakirwa uye dzimba, temberi uye dzinogarwa zvivako, kuzvidzivirira zvivako.
• Tutankhamun kuti guva pana Luxor yakawanikwa ne British matongo Howard caterers. The guva pacharo ipfuma huru, Amai akavigwa coffins matatu, vakanga nested mukati mumwe.
• Birch kuhukura - ndikamumara uye Mabhuku eBraille pamusoro Birch omuti. kokutanga vakanga akawanikwa Novgorod. Uye kare muna 2012 kwaiva vanopfuura chiuru.
• Siberian Ice Maiden - old Amai inowanikwa muSitiya kuvigwa pazvikomo muna Altai, riri pamuganhu kuMongolia. zera Its - makore anopfuura 2500.

hazvitaurwi zvakawanikwa

Ndezvipi vanochera matongo kubva zvavo? Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka vakachera zvinoratidza kutsanangura zvine musoro hazvigoni. Kwakavhundutsa vezvesayenzi Acambaro nenhamba. First Ndakaona muMexico German Waldemar Julsrud. Uwandu hwacho sokuti yekare mavambo, asi hwakonzera chokwadi pakati pemasayendisiti.

Nematombo Donhwe - Zvisaririra rekare budiriro. Mazana ibwe disks awana pauriri webako, dzakanga akavezera nhoroondo chitundumusere-musere. Vakanga mhanya pakagadzwa, ane mapfupa vaakawana mubako.

zvinotyisa anowana

In zvokuchera matongo, pane rakanaka anotyisa kuwanikidza. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vacho pavairidza mhere Amai. Mumwe waivava aiva akasungwa maoko namakumbo asi vakamira kuchema pachiso. Pane mazano kuti iye akavigwa mupenyu, vakatambudzwa, muchetura. Asi netsvakurudzo kuti taita mabhandeji rushaya kana haana kuita izvi zvose, saka muromo Amai akanga akazaruka.

Archeologists vakawana yakakura nenzara uye vasingazivikanwi omugungwa. Uye akawana dehenya uye muromo huru chete vabvume masayendisiti kuti zvinofadza zvakakwana, kana chikara kusangana munhu achienda. Asi gare gare zvikazooneka kuti madzitateguru yekare Moa shiri. kukura kwavo vakapfuura munhu chinhu pamusoro 2-3. Zvinonzi zvingangodaro kuti shiri iyi richiripo nanhasi, uye zvinokwanisika kuedza kuwana nzvimbo muNew Zealand. The zvemo munyika iyi yakawanda ngano chokuita Moa.

Tools vanochera matongo

Panguva kupikidura kureva chishandiso kunyanya mhando iyi: bhayoneti, nefoshoro, entrenching nefoshoro, zvakasiyana hukuru mapiki uye mapadza, bindu nefoshoro, mabhurumu, nechireyi sando, sando uye brushes ose inosiyana. matongo basa rinogona kuva zvakaoma, kunyanya kana uine kuchera mirwi yokurwa guru.

The inokosha ndiyo yakarurama kushanda musi chinhu. Uye kukwanisa kusarudza zvinodiwa chokushandisa Zvinokoshawo. Head kuti kupikidura kwete chete monitors utano matongo, asi kunobatsirawo kushandisa zvakanaka bhurasho uye nefoshoro.

Sei kuva akiyorojisiti

Dzidza kuti unogona yakazara uye nomutsamba. Nyanzvi - munhu basa kuti inogona kutengwa ne munhu ane hwakakungwa vekare uye Zvakafukunurwa. Kuti aite izvi, kukoreji, iyo inodzidzisa dzakaitika. It apedza mukuranga ichi inogona mubasa kupikidura uye navamwe mirayiridzo. Nyanzvi - iri wenhoroondo. Zvisinei, kusiyana chechipiri, rinotaura kwete chete chete kudzidza dzidziso, asiwo zvake anotsvaka uye rinoongorora kare.

mubayiro akiyorojisiti

Russian muhoro paavhareji iri vanenge 15 zviuru. Rubles. Asi mumwe chete rwendo Archeologist anogona kugamuchira kusvika 30 zviuru. Rubles. Mubayiro mumaguta akasiyana dzingasiyana. Somuenzaniso, muMoscow, zvinoita anoda kubva 20 kusvika 30 zviuru rubles. Kumatunhu, zvinofungidzirwa pa 5-7 zviuru zvishoma.