Russian Space Art. pfungwa Russian cosmism

Remangwana revanhu ... wenyaya iyi kwagara aionekwa nechido zvikuru zvose rokumabvazuva uye European tsika kwouzivi. Asi yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20, kusimbisa kwakaita haachatauri zvinoshamisa: vanhu havana nezvezvandisina ramangwana rakanaka, asiwo kutsvaka yenzira kuita izvozvo. Uye munzira akaoneka dzinongoitika mubvunzo: "Zvinoita ramangwana pfungwa" nhamba zvombo zvenyukireya munyika uye mukana kwezvakatipoteredza njodzi harutisiyi kupa mhinduro kutsigira. nezvinebasa Greatest akawana kunzwisisa matambudziko ari noukama pakati murume uye hunhu, uyewo ukama pakati vanhu. Nokuda kukurukurwa matambudziko aya, pane tsika dzakawanda. Space Art mu Russian uzivi ndomumwe wavo. Pairi isu munyaya ino.

tsananguro

The zita "Russian Space Art" akaonekwa 60s, apo vanhu nokukurumidza chaizvo pamusoro muchadenga ubanguranyika uye anokumbira zvinenge kukanganwa nhaka K. E. Tsiolkovskogo. Zvadaro vakagamuchira zvakawanda Russian netsika rechi19 - kwezana remakore rechi20. Vamiririri Its hwaipfuura vaiva nhetembo - Bruce, Tiutchev; mimhanzi - Scriabin; kupenda - Nesterov. A mirayiridzo kwouzivi rakaumbwa kumativi pfungwa K. E. Tsiolkovskogo (rinotsigirwa nemasayendisiti zvakadai achitungamirira sezvo V. I. Vernadsky uye A. L. Chizhevsky) uye anoshanda N. F. Fodorova.

First cosmists Vazivi akafungisisa tarisiro pakuzadzisa vanhu. Chokwadi, nokuda mararamiro uye mafungiro werudzii Vanyori, mabasa avo akasiyana chaizvo. Asi, pasinei ichi, vanogona kuwana zvakawanda zvakajairika pfungwa kuti mukwanisi uye vave mumwe uye dzinoumba kuitika yose itsva Russian uzivi.

The pfungwa huru

Cosmism Russian kutanga isimbiswe pfungwa kubatanidzwa vanhu vose, zvichibva kwete chete pane zvikonzero enyika uye pfungwa, asi tsika uye zvakatipoteredza. Saka, chinonyanya chinokosha vakaumba mirayiridzo kwouzivi - kare kuchipesana remubatanidzwa nematambudziko akadai pakagadzwa yezvisikwa Fraternity, nzvimbo kukura uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Directions Russian cosmism

Kune akawanda, asi zvikuru zviri kuitikawo shanu chete. Vamwe vavo isu kare ataurwa pamusoro. Ndiani achasuma iwe zvizere zvawanyora:

• Natural nezvesayenzi (Tsiolkovsky, Vernadsky, Chizhevsky).
• Religious-ouzivi (Fedorov).
• Artistic uye nhetembo (Morozov Sukhovo-Marelin, Bruce, Odoyevski, Tjutchev).
• Esoteric (Roerich).
• Noosphere (mhinzwa, Akimov, Dmitriev).

Below isu kutaura pamusoro vamiririri mirayiridzo maviri okutanga.

wokutsauka cosmism

Cosmism muvambi uye chikuru mumiririri ndiye Nikolai Fedorovich Fedorov. Haana kudzidza uzivi nenyanzvi. Fedorov yokuwana chokurarama dzidziso mhenyu pakutanga, uye zvino vanoshanda muraibhurari. vashoma mabasa ake dzakabudiswa munguva youpenyu hwake Nikolai Fedorovich. Asi zvakakwana mabhuku aya vazivi vakawanda uye vanyori vakakwanisa kuyemura pfungwa dzake. Kunyanya Wongororo vaibva A. M. Gorkogo, F. M. Dostoevskogo uye L. N. Tolstogo.

pfungwa dzakawanda dzave akagadzira cosmism Russian Fedorov mubasa rake "Uzivi zvinowanzoitwa chikonzero." Aidavira kuti mhaka kusawirirana mune ukama wemunhu uye hunhu iri kupesaniswa rokupedzisira upenyu. Uye hunhu chavanoziva mabasa ake ave noutsinye simba. simba iri chete anogona kukunda achishandisa chikonzero kwevanhu. Muzivi vaidavira kuti "vanhu kuita munyika kuwirirana uye akaisa zvinhu imomo." With shanduka ichi zvakasikwa wakashandurwa kubva kwatangwa kusvika nokungwaririra kudzorwa.

mukuru chengetedzo

Russian uzivi, Russian Space Art angadai zvisingafungidziriki pasina pfungwa Fyodorov pamusoro Implementation imwe zvayo murau. Zvakakodzera uchitevedzera musiyano pakati zvakasikwa uye murume. Panguva psychophysiological mitemo zvinoreva kudzora simba redu romukati. The kwokunze zvakunowedzera kubva redu kusvikira muchadenga uye unosanganisira matanho akawanda:

1. Meteoric chengetedzo (chinhu - Nyika).
2. Planetary astroregulyatsiya (chinhu - zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri).
3. Space (chinhu - zvakasikwa).

Nokufamba mumatanho izvi kwevanhu achabatanidza zvose zviripo nyeredzi nyika. Sezvineiwo, kuRussia Space Art sechinhu kwouzivi kuitika kwamuka chaiyo nokuda pfungwa iyi. Saka Nikolai Fedorovich anogona zvakachengeteka achanzi shasha.

Pasinei utopianism pakati Fedorov zhinji dzidziso, Contemporary Art Space (Russian) anoti vazhinji zvinofungwa nhaka yake: projectivity ruzivo uye synthetism, murau upenyu paruzhinji uye dzinongoitika urongwa, asi pedyo kubatana yetsika uye ruzivo kwesimba upenyu hwevanhu, uye zvichingodaro ..

Misimboti Four Tsiolkovsky

Chinokosha simba pamusoro Art Space muchiRussia uzivi ane Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky. Anozivikanwa sechinhu anofunga yepakutanga, mumwe munyori renyaya, uye muparidzi mumwe Astronautics uye chitundumuseremusere emuchina.

Tsiolkovsky akatenda kuti nyika yedu zvinogona kutsanangurwa chete yepasi pose pfungwa maonero. Munyika ramangwana - iri nzvimbo ubanguranyika vanhu. All mabasa edu anofanira kufunga kuvandudza nesungano pakati nzvimbo uye murume. Waiti zvakangwara zvipenyu kubva kutsamira tichitarisa dzinogarisana - mumwe chikuru mabasa-shanduka. Tsiolkovsky akafunga kuti muchadenga ubanguranyika anogona kuunza vanhu pamwe chinhu chinokosha ezvinhu.

Pane zvinotaurwa ouzivi dzinotsigirwa Tsiolkovsky. Russian Space Art achiri Vanobvuma. Misimboti iyi mana. Ngationgororei navo kuitira kuti kukosha:

• Panpsihizm (utetsa kuziva zvose).
• Monism (Basa ndiro rimwe, uye zvivako ayo chete).
• Nheyo kusaverengeka (simba yepasi pose pfungwa uye zvakasikwa hazviperi).
• Pfungwa yokuzvidzora sangano (zvose pacharo anovaka yayo maumbirwo).

Vernadsky kuti noosphere

pfungwa dzakawanda dzave akagadzira cosmism Russian Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky. Akanga asiri chete chinoshamisa zvakasikwa, asi chinokosha anofunga uye muvambi dzidziso pamusoro biosphere wayo Kuchinja kupinda noosphere.

VI Vernadsky, uye dzimwe vamiririri kunzvimbo dzakadai Russian Space Art, vakatenda kuti kuburikidza nevanhu sayenzi inogona kukunda zvose uye uve mutoro wayo zvichaguma. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa ndechokuti "basa sayenzi richava kuratidzwa Geological basa womunhu, uye achasika rinokosha mamiriro biosphere uye kugadzirira wake kuti iitike munzvimbo noosphere." Last anofunga aiziva sei kuwedzera kukura kwebasa zvine basa munhu zvainanga tiine upenyu panyika sechikamu biosphere, uye ipapo ari gwenya nzvimbo uye somugumisiro kare kudarika. Maererano Vernadsky, zvikuru-shanduka agadzirira panopindwa vanhu munguva iri noosphere. A chikuru zvimiso uku - mubatanidzwa rokusika kwezvakatipoteredza kuti dzikurukure hombe zvakanaka vanhu.

Solar basa Chizhevskogo

Russian uzivi, Russian Space Art akagamuchira chinokosha chaizvo kukura kuburikidza basa Aleksandra Leonidovicha Chizhevskogo, umo vaitaura pamusoro pokudzora rezuva basa iri munhoroondo yevanhu.

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti echimurenga nenyonganyonga kwakaitika nguva yebasa mukurusa wezuva. Fani iyi inodzokororwa pana zvikamu makore 11. Uyewo, gumi-kutenderera inoumbwa mana nguva:

• Minimum excitability (3 years).
• Urefu excitability (2 years).
• The kunonyanyisa kuwedzera excitability (3 years).
• Achideredza excitability (3 years).

Chizhevskogo Pfungwa pamusoro matambudziko rezuva madutu ari maitiro mamwe vanhu uye munzanga mananara uye vava yakafarikana chaizvo kuparadzira.

mhedziso

Saka, zvatakurukura Russian Space Art kuti ave youzivi muitiro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti murume wakatora mazana emakore kuwana zvine chimiro, pamwe simba kuziva kwavo kunamata. Nepamahofisi okukura Danho nyika, budiriro hwevanhu akazarura mhando itsva zivo, kusika maindasitiri matsva uye maonero ouzivi nesayenzi.

Panguva ino pachikuva, tichitarisa takambosangana, vanhu akaumba zvawo chivakwa yakajeka uye kuziva zvikuru kubatsira kukoshesa. Asi, sapakutanga, isu hatina kugamuchira mhinduro dzemibvunzo nezvezvinoreva upenyu uye mufananidzo zvakasikwa panyika. Uye nokuti vanhu vachagara vane tsika dzinoratidza, ipapo nguva dzose pachava zvakavanzika, otgadki izvo hariko.