Chii yakananga uye chii chiri?

Sezvo tichiziva kubva geometry, "wakananga" rinoreva chinhu kuti haana dzinokanganisa uye muchichinjana. Chaiwo nhungamiro, wakatsetseka mukuru, anonziwo pachena kukurukura chete neshoko. Pfungwa iyi, Chokwadi, rinoshandiswa mune zvimwe zvinhu zvoupenyu, kusanganisira mabhuku uye chakaipa kutaurirana pakati vanhu.

Chii chinogona kunzi zvakananga

Kuti vabate zvinoreva shoko "yakananga", rangarirai, chatariitira pakutaura kwezuva nezuva. Zvadaro tiende kuburikidza nerimwe chinhu yoga. Saka, zviri nyore Pachikamu anganzi anotevera mitsara neshoko:

• yakarurama mugwagwa;
• yakarurama hurukuro;
• kodzero angled;
• ukama zvakananga;
• achirurama mutsetse;
• zvakananga ukoshi;
• Kutaura zvakananga;
• zvakananga muchitiza;
• mberi kwounyanzvi;
• uye zvichingodaro.

Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe kukosha tsananguro zvakasiyana, pasinei nokushandiswa dzose mitsara zvakafanana neshoko. Somuenzaniso, mberi kwounyanzvi - rinongova chiratidzo iyo nzira kutama. A zvakananga ndege - shoko raiti kuti sangano kuchaitika kubva imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe pasina dzongonyedzo uye nzira kuchinja.

How kusiyanisa zvakananga, vamugadzirire munyonga

Chii twasu? Mune mabhuku ose geometry ndiyo tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi. Straight inongotaurwa sa munhu geometric chimiro - yakarurama mutsetse, hapana mavambo uye hapana mugumo. Rakatenderedzwa mbiri pfungwa yacho mutsetse anonzi chidimbu. Ndezvipi zvakananga uye akacheka, tinonzwisisa.

mutsetse Chero inogona curved kana Wavy, kuti chinhu munyonga. Kana uchingogara batanidza akawanda akazvimirira, "akatambanudza" zvikamu pasina kucherechedza imwe nhungamiro (kwakasiyana-siyana), tinowana mumwe munyonga kana wakaputsika mutsetse. Kana mutsetse rinoumbwa arcs, makakombama, uye anotsvedzerera vachichinjana, zviri kunzi curved, Wavy. Chii anorwonzi muruoko geometry? Kana ukaenda kubva neizvi, ndiko kuti, mutsetse mumwe izvo haisi munyonga undulating, curved kana akapwanyika mutsetse.

Ndezvipi zvakafanana pakati zvakananga kukurukura uye kutaura zvakananga

Maererano utsanangurirwe chiremerera maduramazwi, inonzi Yakarurama Taura chakakomba kukurukurirana, izvo zvinoda kubudirana pachena uye ndeechokwadi vechikamu zvose izvi. Hazvina zvakafanira kuziva chii kutaura zvakananga, kutaura chaizvo zvakajeka pamusoro zvawakumbirwa kana kuti yakananga vaitaura. Munguva yakananga Kukurukurirana dzimwe nguva nezvokumwe siyana chakavanzika kana zvakavanzika mashoko zviitiko. Vazhinji kukurukurirana izvi kutora nzvimbo pakati pehama, shamwari kana hama.

Asi kuti zvakarurama kutaura kana kunyora nyaya iyi papepa, atova zvakakodzera kuyeuka nyora kuti kutaura zvakananga, mashoko munyori uye mamwe mabhuku mazwi.

Chiperengo kunoda kuti mashoko emutauri vanoparadzaniswa mashoko munyori (narrator), muura, Taridzamutauri, nezvitura befu uye dashes. Musi yavaive kutaura kunokanganisa nzvimbo shoko "gamba" mundima iri ndima, mutsetse, uye zvichingodaro. Inonzi kutaura zvakananga kuburitswa verbatim munhu mashoko yemumwe dziri huru zvarongwa nyaya.

Mapapiro shiri uye mashoko mapapiro

Takawana kuti yakarurama mutsara geometry uye mumabhuku, yava nguva yokuti aenderere mberi. Panzira, chakapfuura mutongo, shoko rimwe chaishandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira (kufamba). Kureva, zvakanzi inoumbwa wechipiri, haisi zvakananga ukoshi chokuita huru rokuti chete. Pakunzi munhu Itai migumisiro. Zvakaratidza kuti mamwe mashoko kuti tinoshandisa, anoreva zvakasiyana:

• yakananga, kana dzinokosha;
• inotakurika kana yechipiri.

Chii rakananga zvinoreva shoko? Mhinduro iri mubvunzo pacharo. Izvi chizenga zita, chiito, chinhu kana chiitiko izvo pakarepo chinokonzera mufananidzo wavo, zvisinei chechinyorwa. The unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro pfungwa rokuumba kuchinjwa zita kuti chimwewo chinhu, asina nzira chokuita huru, zvakananga zvinoreva shoko. Somuenzaniso:

• kufamba pengoro - kufambisa acho;
• goridhe Nugget - maoko goridhe;
• zvihwitsi - chokoreti ganda.

Chii angled vanoshandiswa

Chokutanga, chero angled - yakazvimirira geometric nhamba. Kana interconnect matatu pfungwa enhema rwonzi, ipapo unopinza (kana vertex) uye kuvakwa ichi chichava pakona. Kana mukati chero denderedzwa abate vanoverengeka intersecting mitsetse, panguva yavo mharadzano inoumbwa akawanda pamakona pamwe binary tsika. nhamba yavo richafanana nhamba mitsetse kutakurwa, ukawanza vaviri.

pamakona ose akayera pamwero, uye mari Verengai vanhu vose pamakona tiri mudenderedzwa 360 inegumi. The pamakona inopinza uye kungopotsera, yakananga uye yakadzama, pedyo, tote uye zvakawanda.

Chii zvakarurama yorusvingo? How kundoitora, kwatinowana? Inside denderedzwa, vakakamura wakavhomorwa kuburikidza payo pakati maviri perpendicular Rwonzi kuumbwa mana fanana angled. Dzinonzi zvakananga uye kukosha neimwe - 90 inegumi.

How kuvaka aida yorusvingo pasina protractor

Dzimwe nguva muupenyu chaihwo kana uchida kushandisa kuverenga chaiyo kukosha pakona. Pane dzimwe nzira nyore kuita izvi.

• Kana iwe tora shizha chero nebhuku rokunyorera kana bhuku, pamakona ayo ose madhigirii 90.
• Kana kumbopeta jira pamwe akashambidzika tichibatanidza pedyo mativi maviri iumbe necheparutivi rworwendo 45.
• Kana kurutivi rumwe tetrad kana mimwe pepa kuyera 10 cm uye rumwe - 17.3 cm zvino batanidza pfungwa idzi nerwonzi, zvinokwanisika kuwana muenzaniso ane pamakona vakaenzana 90, 60 uye 30 madhigirii.

Ndechipi rakananga kuwirirana mugumisiro kubva chiito? zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa chimwe mhinduro. Mumwe nguva dzose: Kana uchiita nhanho mugwara, kuti kupindirana matanho uye kushandisa ruzivo urwu tsika, zvinoguma zvachose akanaka.

On inofambirana mitsetse uye naka nyika

Chii twasu? Point - pfungwa iyi muna geometry, chinhu kuti hapana nhengo. The sandara, elongated mutsetse pasina mavambo kana magumo, rine parinogumira nhamba pfungwa iri achirurama mutsetse.

Kutsanangura chii zvakafanana mitsetse masvomhu vaishandisa tsanangudzo dzakasiyana uye kuenzanisa. Pano mumwe axioms: yakarurama mutsetse, iro pasina uye haana chinogona vayambuka, ivo dzakafanana. Unogona kushandisa imwe nzira kutsanangura inofambirana mitsetse. Kana mumwe nomumwe dzinokosha yakarurama mutsetse kumusoro perpendicular (kureva kurudyi pamakona) kune kuenzana zvikamu wechipiri, ipapo mitsetse izvi hazvigoni vayambuka, uye achava dzakafanana.

Ndezvipi zvakafanana mitsetse zvakajeka. Uye sei nechokuita naka nyika? Mhinduro iri nyore, sezvo iri mhosva kune kuchinjwa pfungwa dzakanga inokurukurwa kumusoro. Possible chokwadi kuti asingaiti piringisha, uye riri pedyo kwedu, mune imwe nzvimbo uye nguva, uye ane nyika dzakafanana. It anonzi mashoko wechokwadi kuti kwemasayendisiti kuti atore nzvimbo ikoko, hazvina zvazvinoita yedu nyika.

Several anozivikanwa axioms

Munyika wemasvomhu ane axiom - iwayo, izvo haatarisiri uchapupu. Zvinotevera zvimwe chokwadi izvi.

1. Chero siyana geometrical zvitarisiko anogona ngazviwedzerwe kusangana zvikuru.

2. Two yakarurama mitsetse kuti diverge imwe nhungamiro, iva nechokwadi kuti wekuita mamwe.

3. Kana mitsara miviri zvinofanana rechitatu, vakabva zvinofanana uye mumwe.

4. Kana vaviri yakarurama mitsetse wekuita ivo nokusingaperi kuyambuka.

5. Kana mitsetse vaungana, havazokwanisi kukwanisa aputse imwe chete mirayiridzo pasina kuyambutswa.

6. Kuburikidza chero mbiri pfungwa, unogona kuwana denderedzwa kana achirurama mutsetse.

7. Verengai nhatu pamakona zvakangofanana nokuti zvokuridza zvose, uye akaenzana zviviri zvakanaka pamakona nhava.

8. Rectangle - dimikira rworudyi pamakona mana.

Fungidzira nyika pasina geometry

Ruzivo kuti kururamiswa, akachekwa, pfungwa yorusvingo, hatifaniri chete nokuda kwevadzidzi uye vadzidzi kupasa. Vari dzinoshandiswa ezvivako uye vagadziri, tailors navavaki, vaiongorora uye Vanodzidza, midziyo Vagadziri uye automakers, uyewo boka dzimwe nyanzvi. Kutoti munhu anoda kupfeka yakaipa dhirezi kana kugara mumba ine curved, akawira masvingo?

Chii zvakarurama yorusvingo? Line, mitsetse, ndege, pfungwa uye pamakona - zvinganzi, nheyo mapurani. Sayenzi imba chivakwa sezvinobvira pasina masvomhu uye geometrical pfungwa, uyewo mabhuku pasina mashoko, Dots, nezvitura befu, Kudanidzira mavanga, uye kutaura zvakananga.

Chii achirurama mugwagwa? Ndiyo nzira inotungamirira kubva imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe (kana achibva imwe pfungwa kuenda kune imwe, kubva pakusaziva kusvika erudition, somuenzaniso), mano kumisa nenguva, asi pasina zvokutsauka kubva yasarudzwa nzira.