Ndezvipi zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon: Formula ehupfumi

Chimbofunga zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon. The yokuita vamiririri ichi homologous dzino - SpN2p-6.

kirasi Features

Mukutanga namapfumbamwe remakore kubudikidza Faraday yakawanikwa benzene - C6H6. Zvichienzaniswa zvine Mahydrocarbon, ari STRUCTURAL zvokuimba ose zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon dzaitaurwa muchimiro zvishwe. Apa kuti Morekuru ine kukwana mari rehydrogen, rin'i anonhuhwirira achiumbwa mukati rin'i.

How kupisa zvinonhuhwira Mahydrocarbon? The yemaitiro wakatangwa na Kekule, anotsanangura mamiriro mukirasi iyi Mahydrocarbon. Kuvapo kaviri zvisungo anosimbisa anonhuhwirira chimiro benzene yayo homologs.

mushonga ehupfumi

The vakawanda yokuita zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon presupposes kuvapo zvose yeimwe vekirasi Uyezve siyana: hydrogenation, halogenation, hydration. Zvakabuda vakawanda kuedza zvakaratidza shoma benzene namakemikari basa.

It rinoratidza rakawedzera nemishonga kuti oxidation, zviri anokwanisa kubatana chete ultraviolet nemwaranzi kana ane tembiricha yakakwirira.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako benzene

The samolecular yokuita inonhuwirira yeHydrocarbon - C6H6. Vose kabhoni maatomu ari cp2-chemasanganiswa mamiriro, vari akarongwa mundege imwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo mumwe asiri chemasanganiswa C atomu, izvo ikashandiswa kuva nevakawanda Erekitironi gore rinogarira perpendicular kuti ndege yacho mhete. Izvi mhete gadziriro iri conjugated S.-zvisungo uye anosarudza makemikari benzene passivity.

American Chemical Pauling zvinganaka benzene sechinoitika maviri zvivako interconnected kuti zvakasiyana tsvaka Erekitironi arambe achirema, kupfuura mumwe.

Nomenclature uye isomerism

Ungaita sei kudana aromatics? The yokuita yeimwe izvo nhengo dzakawanda zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon, anofanira kuenderana yaida samolecular marongerwo. Nyore homologue pamusoro benzene ndiyo toluene. The musiyano pakati payo uye nyore inonhuwirira yeHydrocarbon ndiye CH2.

Kana zita vamiririri mukirasi iyi sezvo hwaro nekutora benzene. Vakaverengwa carbon maatomu rinoitwa munyika Kutenderera nhungamiro, kutangira kubva vakuru mutevedzeri muduku. Kunyange (2 uye 6) kuwana nzvimbo ortho-nzvimbo, uye 3 uye 5 (Zvinoshamisa) Meta embodiments.

Characterization mumuviri zvivako

Chii chitarisiko ndiwo: zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon, izvo rinoenderana kirasi payakavakirwa SpN2p-6?

Benzene uye homologues ayo kuuya pasi kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu muchetura mvura ane maitiro hachifadzi zvakanaka. Nokuti zvose munhandare kunoratidzwa yakaderera solubility mumvura. In parinogumira rakawandisa, vane soluble mune zvinoita zvokufembedzwa.

zvokusarudza kuti

In muindasitiri musimboti zvibereko benzene nezvimwe vamiririri mukirasi zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon, mumwe anogona kufunga kubudiswa marasha tara kana peturu. A chakaita zvokugadzirwa shanduro risiti ari vamiririri mukirasi iyi zvinotevera dzakasiyana:

• Cleavage kubva cycloparaffins rehydrogen mamorekuru (kupera mvura mumuviri);
• aromatization kuti zvine Mahydrocarbon (alkanes).

Vose nzira wakatangwa muna kutendeuka yeimwe ose inonhuwirira musimboti, dzinosanganisira kushandiswa mukuru tembiricha uye tiwedzere.

Pakati nevakawanda nzira yokuwana rabhoritari arenes ipapo chinogona kutaurwa Wurtz kwetunhu. It kunoratidzwa kubata munhu halogenated alkane pamwe esimbi yavaibvisa.

Features homologues kuti benzene

Toluene, umo methyl boka aripo, achapinda nemakemikari pane benzene. Sezvo CH3 orientant yokutanga mhando rwuripowo substituents achapiwa nezvatinovavarira ortho (kunyange) nzvimbo. Toluene anokwanisa halogenation (chlorination, bromination, iodination), uye nitration.

mhedziso

zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon All chaienzanirana zvavo payakavakirwa SpN2p-6. Panguva combustion mhepo okisijeni akasunungura yakakwana kwazvo chin'ai kuti nyore akatsanangura chichiwedzera zviri kabhoni mairi.