Education: kudzidza zvinangwa, zvinangwa, pfungwa

Education inotongwa zvikuru yakarongwa basa nekuita pakati mudzidzisi uye vadzidzi, nechinangwa panguva kuitwa zivo mugadziriro uye unyanzvi, uyewo paumbwe maonero vadzidzi, pave kugona uye unyanzvi dzokuzvikoshesa nenzvimbo maererano nezvakaitirwa urongwa hwacho.

Kudzidza Zvinangwa. chechetere kusvika

Chinangwa kudzidzisa - ndiwo mugumisiro vakaronga yekudzidza, chokwadi, ndizvo zvinorehwa izvi rinotungamirirwa. IP Podlas inopa kusiyaniswa zvinangwa zvekudzidza pa matatu nhanho:

1. Political: chinangwa sevapristi chinhu ehurumende gwara mumunda dzidzo.

2. Administrative: chinangwa ndiyo nzira yokutaura matambudziko yose dzidzo (panguva remunharaunda pamwero kana masangano chechetere).

3. Operations: chinangwa ichaongororwa sechinhu operative chinangwa ari Implementation yokurovedza mune imwe kirasi vevaanodzidzisa imwe sezvamunoita.

Chinetso Kusiyanisa kuti zvinangwa zvekudzidza

Hwaro nokuti kupatsanura pakati pfungwa zvinangwa kwacho pakudzidza ndedzinotevera zvinodiwa:

1. Unoyera nharaunda: mukuru / private, pasi rose.

2. reshiyo pamusoro Zvivako dzidzo, riri basa pakururamisa uye kuwana kwavari: mamiriro (nezvaro rehurumende mitemo edzidzo) Zvinangwa obschevuzovskie, fakaroti, Cathedral uye nevamwe.

3. Funga dzimwe substructures unhu: kudiwa-motivational Substructure, mupfungwa, zvishande uye nesarudzo.

4. Description Language zvinangwa: nyaya-Conceptual chimiro, pasi-dejatelnostnaja.

Taxonomic kusvika B. Bloom

Uyewo, B. Blum anopa yayo chipfuro kupatsanura, kusarudza dzidzo. Kudzidza Zvinangwa aiona maererano zvakananga taxonomies (taxonomies). Chokutanga nechinangwa paakasika munhu taxonomy kuti zvishande soumambo. Zvinosanganisira Mapato nezvinangwa nhanhatu:

- ruzivo chikamu (chokuita zvinhu chaizvo kuti mazwi nzira, chokwadi, tsanangudzo and he.);

- kunzwisisa muchikwata (dudziro, tsananguro, extrapolation);

- chikamu kushanda;

- kwetunhu chikamu (budiriro chirongwa / kuita gadziriro abstrakti ukama);

- Ongororo chikamu (interconnection uye nhungamiro kuvakwa);

- Kukoshesa (mutongo kwakavakirwa zvinowanikwa data, uye zvimwewo zvinodiwa).

Wechipiri pfungwa taxonomy kuvhiringidzika bhora.

Principles okuvaka kudzidziswa mabasa

NF Talyzina proposes chivakwa kuchinja kusarudzwa uye rondedzero chairwo zvinetso hwekudzidza. mabasa izvi zvinoratidzwa mune akanyatsorongwa, ari zvose akanyatsorongwa kuvakuru zvinangwa dzidzo. Mumwe pamwero ane yayo nezvechii, zvichienderana kutsanangurwa ramangwana unyanzvi unyanzvi.

chokutanga chechetere

The chepamusorosoro pamwero vakuru vakuru inogarwa mabasa kuti vanofanira kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvose nyanzvi, pasinei chaizvo basa vashandi kudzidzisa zvinangwa kana nzvimbo. Zvisinei, vanogona kuva nokuda chimiro enhoroondo ichikosha. Panyaya nguva yedu iri nhamba mabasa yakadaro:

- kwezvakatipoteredza (kuderedza kunaka izvi pamusoro pemhando mabasa evanhu maindasitiri kana zvimwe, etc.);

- Kuramba dambudziko post-inotungamirwa system (inoshanda basa rine mashoko - kutsvaka, kuchengetwa, kushandiswa uye vakashandisa him.);

- mabasa chokuita seboka hunhu chikuru siyana mabasa ano (nokuumbwa vokukurukura mukati chikwata, kuronga uye kuronga vadyi mabasa, vari kuongorora zviri specificity yevanhu chakaita muitiro kufungidzira migumisiro, uye vamwe.).

Danho rechipiri

On rechipiri pamwero iri dzinounzwa chine mabasa dzakananga kune imwe nyika. With Panyaya National dzidzo hurongwa, rinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza pane dambudziko chokuita paumbwe uye kukura musika ukama (tsvakurudzo musika, feasibility zvidzidzo, kutsvaka nevadiwa yakakodzera uye mari manyuko, kukurudzira nenhumbi mudzimai uye kumisika, etc.).

Uyewo pane izvi pamwero akasimbisa zvinangwa zvebasa kudzidziswa chokuita zvinetso zvoupenyu dzakawanda ukama (National tsika, kukura kuva kushivirira nemafungiro manzwiro yenyika, Kurambwa nationalist uye chauvinist zvinzvimbo, etc.). Pakupedzisira, chinangwa kutanga kudzidzisa nokuti ano nyanzvi ndiyewo pakugadzirwa maindasitiri-Kugadzirisa unyanzvi, managerial uye zvoupfumi zvinetso socio-enyika ezvinhu nzanga dzemazuva ano (gutsaruzhinji zvematongerwo enyika, mbirikira, zvitendero, etc.).

wechitatu chechetere

Chechitatu pamwero ndicho voluminous uye unosanganisira nyanzvi mabasa. Kazhinji mashoko, mabasa aya rakakamurwa mhando huru nhatu:

- tsvakurudzo (unyanzvi kuronga uye kuita tsvakurudzo basa mumunda ichi);

- rinoshanda (kuwana imwe mugumisiro - kuvakwa chirimwa, bhuku edition, uye mwoyo murefu kupora said.);

- pedagogical (achidzidzisa chairo nyaya kuchikoro kana mukurovedza basa - somuenzaniso, kana paine chinangwa vanorumwe rurimi kudzidzisa).

Funga zvinangwa uye nenheyo wokudzidziswa pre-chikoro zera vana.

Basic Misimboti kuenda kukireshi dzidzo uye nokudzidziswa hurongwa

Common mabasa dzaanofanira zvinangwa kudzidza kudzidziswa uye dzidzo yevana vanoenda kukireshi anogona kusiyana sezvinotevera.

1. pagore upenyu rokutanga:

- kuramba uye kusimbisa utano vana, kuitira avo kwomuviri yakazara, tirambe kunetsa mwana; nechokwadi chimiro zuva chaienzanirana zera uye mamiriro ezvinhu mwana panyama;

- achiumba kutarisana-aural nemunhu; wedzera kuvandudza kutsinga dzinouya ruzivo vana; mano kunzwisisa kutaura mukuru nekuita regadziriro matanho vadzidze basa kutaura; kukurudzira kuwanikwa muzvinyorwa kuzvidzora muitiro Anoumba zvinhu zvavanoita maitiro, pfungwa Kugamuchira kuramba yokufarirwa nevana.

- vanoumba Background aesthetic maonero - vafarire mumifananidzo, mumhanzi, kuimba, nezvimwewo, kuti zvakanyatsorongwa kuongorora zvabuda ..

- kubatsira kukura unyanzvi mwana, zvakakodzera kuti zera zviratidzo.

2. Gore upenyu rechipiri:

- nokusimbaradza nokuomesa muviri; Kugadzirwa chikuru inofamba hurongwa;

- paumbwe unyanzvi zvepakutanga pamusoro neatness uye kuzvidzora basa;

- Mutauro uye simba kudiwa kutaurirana; anotokonya kuti zvishande urongwa (maonero, kufunga, ndangariro, etc.);

- nezvekugadzirwa evanhu unyanzvi vane zvinhu;

- nokuumba unyanzvi tsika maitiro (kuvakwazisa, siya, ndatenda, etc ...);

- Development kuti aesthetic maonero (kusimbisa ruvara, chimiro, kunhuwidza, etc ...).

- kukura zvenziyo kuravira.

3. pagore upenyu rechitatu:

- nokusimbaradza utano; tsika uye utsanana tsika

- paumbwe chinobatanidza kutarisana-yokufananidzira mafungiro; kukura zvishande pezvakaitwa;

- Kugadzirwa kutsinga dzinouya ruzivo;

- wezvamatongerwe ruzivo inokosha pamusoro mudziyo nemitemo yayo chaivo;

- kukura pakutaura, mashoko;

- vachikurudzira vana kukurukura nemumwe; kuitisa basa-nokutamba mitambo;

- kukura romubati maonero.

4. gore rechina upenyu:

- utano Kukwidziridzwa, kuomesa muviri; goho yakarurama mamiriro; inotungamirwa vanoshingaira motokari kwebasa;

- anotokonya kufarira upenyu akura, tichifunga zvinhu uye mananara magariro ezvinhu;

- Kugadzirwa kugona zvokuvamba pachisara kukwanisa kumisa husina kubatana pakati mananara uye zvinhu zvakatipoteredza;

- kukura rwokutaura, kugona noungwaru kuvaka mitsara;

- kukura hwokuteerera unyanzvi, kukwanisa kuongorora kuitika unoshanda (mabhuku, cartoons, etc ...);

- Kugadzirwa chepuraimari kwemasvomhu zvinomiririra (rimwe / a muzvizhinji kuti, zvakawanda / zvishoma, et him.);

- kuumba mafungiro akanaka aiita basa;

- kukura kufarira akasiyana siyana mitambo, chikwata makwikwi;

- kukura aesthetic uye nziyo mano.

dzidzo chaiyo mwana kudzidza maitiro

Kusimbisa utano mwana chikuru unokosha chezvinonhuwira yedzidzo muitiro zvachose zera yomuropa, izvo kuona kukura uye kurovedza. Kudzidza zvinangwa zvakananga rokudzidzisa muitiro dzingasiyana. Somunhu chokuratidza kuita zera chikuva, uyewo chaizvo imwe zvedzidzo nyaya. With dzakananga panyaya yedzidzo mumuviri, hapana chaizvo kusiyana. Panyaya iyi, chinangwa Kudzidziswa - ndiko kunonyanya paumbwe adaptive zvigadziriswe (anodzivirira-adaptive mauto - namakemikari, mumuviri, etc.) Uye nokusimbaradza mwana kutapata.

Zvinhu kuti kuderedza muviri kudzivirira mwana zvinosanganisira: nenzara, kuneta, kunzwa, kutyora hurumende zuva. Zvinhu zvinowedzera muviri dzokuzvidzivirira: achifamba mhepo, tempering, vachifara manzwiro.

Saka, basa racho mudzidzisi mumunda uyu achava pamusoro ruoko rumwe, kuti neutralize uye muderedze pamusoro pokumuka mwana zvinoita kuti kuderedza muviri zvirwere panyama; uye pane dzimwe - kukura uye kweiyi anodzivirira uye adaptive simba muviri mwana tichiregeredza akarongwa zvakanaka zvokudya, kurovedza muviri hurongwa nokuomesa, yakanaka mupfungwa ezvinhu, nezvimwewo, kudzivirira kupararira uye chisingaperi zvirwere, uyewo kudzivirira kukuvara urongwa wokutanga pre-zvokurapa .. kubatsira. Zvinokoshawo kuti kufunga peculiarities kwezvakatipoteredza apo mwana, zvaidiwa noutsanana mitemo munyika, zvainanga kurovedza.

Kudzidza zvinangwa, misimboti uye zvinangwa, saka, munhu kunzwisisa socio-pedagogical kunzwisisa yakafanira zvakananga chaizvo pakati nokure dzidzo, zvinotarisirwa zvabuda, uyewo socio-nhoroondo chechinyorwa.