Problem mamiriro - chisarudzo ... uye kusikwa dambudziko ezvinhu

nemitemo New inodzidzisa akatanga kwete chete pane masangano rokudzidzisa, asi kindergartens. A kudzidza sangano vanoenda kukireshi dzidzo inofanira kuva nechokwadi unyanzvi:

• vagadzirise matambudziko pachako nevakangwara, zvakakodzera kuti zera ravo;
• kushandisa ruzivo urwu kumisa mabasa matsva, avo zvingaitwa.

Features kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura

matambudziko ezvinhu nzira kunosanganisira kudzidzisa, iyo yakavakirwa kuburikidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko hunoshanda uye yokungotaura pamusoro kuunganidza ruzivo. kukireshi mudzidzisi uyo anoshandisa kwenzira yakafanana, anovandudza vadzidzi vavo vachikwanisa vakazvimirira kuisa chinangwa kutsvaka nzira kuita izvozvo, kuongorora mugumisiro. We ongorora akasiyana nzira rakasikwa munhu matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu umo vanoenda kukireshi kudzidza kutsvaka ruzivo, kushandisa ruzivo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Ndechipi chinangwa kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura

Zvinetso chinowedzera kuti paumbwe kwaniso dzekugadzira vadzidzi kuti vave vavo rusununguko. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kurovedza kwakadaro kunosanganisira pokugadzwa choukama pakati vakuru nevana. Pakusikwa dambudziko mamiriro - mudzidzisi matambudziko. Anofanira kuenda vakomana zvakaoma cheni, ichazovapo kutanga nyore pakuongorora, uye mugumisiro - chinoshingaira chikamu kugadzirisa dambudziko. Nezivo itsva yawana mukufamba kubatirapamwe ichi, mwana anodzidza unhu mutsva vadzidza chinhu, kudzidza kubvunza mibvunzo, tsvaka mhinduro kwavari.

Features kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura

chikuru kuchinja dzidzo, nzira itsva uye siyana vanoenda kukireshi dzidzo zviri kuitika Russia. Kune mhando itsva pre-chikoro masangano, zvainanga paumbwe tsika nevakangwara mano vana chinonyanya zera chikoro. Wandei pfungwa inobhadharwa dzidzo pre-kuchikoro zvishoma nezvishoma inotungamirwa chepfungwa maitiro, kukwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ezvinhu, mabasa wakasiyiwa mudzidzisi.

Chakakoshera kudzidzisa

Kudzidziswa kwakadaro hwakasiyana zvetsika kugadzirira kuenda kukireshi zvishande basa. Vanoenda kukireshi kudzidza unyanzvi dzokuzvikoshesa dzidzo, kuzvicheka-kudzidza, yavachauya vanoda muupenyu chikoro. Qualitative kuongorora dambudziko mamiriro - nzira kuti chiitiko chitsva.

History of dambudziko kune unyanzvi

Nhoroondo kushandisa kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura iri midzi yakadzika kare. In mabasa I. G. Pestalotstsi, J.-J. Rousseau akapa "nzira kushingaira kudzidza." Problem mamiriro ezvinhu - inzira kuwana zviitiko itsva, kuti kukurudzira vana pachake mabasa. Nechekwokutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 wokuAmerica John. Dewey akakurukura pfungwa kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura. Rinopa chinyakare shanduro dzidzo kuenda kukireshi uye chikoro chepuraimari kutsiva yoga dzidziso kuburikidza nekugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana-siyana hunobatsira. Somugumisiro dzakawanda kuedza kwaitungamirirwa Dewey, iye aiva nechokwadi chokuti matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu kuti vanoenda kukireshi kupa mikana kupfuura nemashoko (bhuku, kutukana) kurovedzwa chekuita kungoita nomusoro zvinhu. Zviri ano pedagogy Dewey chikwereti veMubatanidzwa pfungwa "chiito zvakakwana mafungiro." Active kudzidza, wakatangwa pakutanga rokupedzisira remakore muRussia "akanamatirana" chete pakatanga mitemo mitsva yedzidzo.

Mienzaniso matambudziko ezvinhu kuti vanoenda kukireshi

Heuno muenzaniso dambudziko ezvinhu kuti vanoenda kukireshi. Vana akabayira Zvidhinha zvakasiyana zvitarisiko uye hukuru, iro vanofanira kuvaka imba. Paakaudzwa basa, vana vanofanira kutanga takurukura hwayo hwezvekuita tonotora cubes mu chimiro, kukura, kuwana yakagadzikana musha. Kana vana kurasikirwa Data pfungwa, havagoni kukurira basa kuisa mudzidzisi pamberi pavo. Panguva Joint basa, vana kudzidza kukurukura, kuva nepfungwa mushandirapamwe.

Musimboti dambudziko achidzidzisa vanoenda kukireshi

Kudzidziswa kwakadaro ane zvakasiyana, zvichienderana sei azviri dambudziko mudzidzisi. Problem ezvinhu pfungwa personalization zivo, zvinhu kugadzira vanoenda kukireshi. The kindergartens dzinokudziridzwa zvikuru basa-nokutamba mitambo, izvo zvinoreva zviri kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura. Edza pamusoro basa chiremba, mwana anodzidza kukurukurirana "varwere". Izvi zvichabatsira naye pakusarudza basa ramangwana, achava chikonzero chikuru zivo itsva. Paaiva kupfungwa vanoenda kukireshi rokudzidzisa, mwana anodzidza kukurira matambudziko zvedzidzo, matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu kwaari - chinhu chikuru mukana kuzviita. Kuti dambudziko inokurudzira vanoenda kukireshi kufunga, iye kudzidzisa kusarudza kubva yakawanda mashoko ndiyo chete kuti achada anongoerekana kubva ezvinhu aripo. Kupokanidzana kuti vari pakuona nzira iyi ichava mashandiro chikuru dzekugonesa kuti zvishande basa ramangwana kutanga.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti zvinhu zvokuita TO

Chero dambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu - zviri kujairika kuti mamiriro ezvinhu wemwana. Kuwana Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nzira kugadzirisa dambudziko kunobva zvinhu zvinogona ari mudzidzisi. Kudzidza dambudziko-inobva kunosanganisa sangano kuburikidza kutamba uye zvakasikwa kutsvakurudza mabasa vanoenda kukireshi. Tichishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti paumbwe zvishande basa vadzidzi, mudzidzisi anoita achinyanya pamusoro mupfungwa uye nesarudzo nevana. Mutarisiri anotarisira kuti kugadzirwa ruzivo rutsva vana vanonzwa kugutsikana, mafaro, mufaro. Chiripo mudzidzisi matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu - ndiwo mukana kuunza vana pfungwa pakuyemura, kutadza, kushamisika.

Okugadzira zvinhu, zvinhu rusununguko preschooler, aichinja-chinja, mafungiro heuristic tiri zviratidzo anokwanisa uye chido kusika, kugadzira, kuti innovate, kugadzira mifananidzo itsva.

Kushanda pakuvaka, mwana anogamuchira kubva mabasa ayo kunonakidza, kusangana nemanzwiro akanaka. Chete muchiitiko ichi tinogona kutaura zvizere kukura okusika zvinogona kuenda kukireshi, paumbwe unhu zvinowirirana.

How kuumba matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu

Kupokana kuri kubatana dambudziko anotsanangura kudzidza, uye naizvozvo zvakakosha kuisa mubvunzo chaipo mwana. Kakawanda mibvunzo yakasiyana zvachose mune mamiriro, bvunza vana pachavo, "Seiko asina kwoushamwari jasi?"; "Sei chirimwa anonwa mvura, uye hazvirevi pairi?"; "Sei epamba huku ine mapapiro, asi haina kubhururuka?"; "Nei nyika kumativi?" The matambudziko vasundire vana, mudzidzisi anonyora pasi kana nomusoro, uye zvirongwa ichakurukura kuti boka rose. The Provider vanofanira kutuma vana kutsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo, kuriteerera kupikisana hwokuchengetedza chisarudzo chakarurama mupfungwa hwomwana. The mudzidzisi ndeimwewo formulates ari kupokana pakati zvesayenzi chokwadi kuti anozivikanwa mwana, uye upenyu ezvinhu.

mienzaniso tsvakurudzo

Patinodzidza ehupfumi mvura, vana vachadzidza kuti 80 muzana yevanhu nemhuka dzine mvura. Kuumba matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu mudzidzisi anobvunza, "Seiko haaiti muviri wedu fluid nekuti tine mvura zvakadaro?" Pamwe chete mudzidzisi vakomana vari kutsvaka mhinduro uye vasvike pakugumisa kuti mvura - mukati mumuviri, uye saka harimuki kubva munhu. Educator ari kutsvaka mhinduro mubvunzo wakabvunzwa kuteerera zvose nharo vana, achivakurudzira kuti basa, vachiedza kuratidza ruzivo rwavo. Kamwe vose vakomana kupa mhinduro dzavo, pamwe chete sarudza chimwe mhinduro.

Kuti tiwane mhinduro yakarurama kunogona kuitwa uye kuedza. Vana vane mudzidzisi (kana vabereki) varikwizire makarotsi, bhitiruti, mbatatisi, batwa muto, ipapo enzanisa chitsama akatorazve mvura. A kudzidza duku kuitiswa nemasayendisiti ramangwana, achava zvakawanikwa chaiyo vana. Kutanga matambudziko mamiriro ezvinhu, mudzidzisi ari kumanikidza vatambi vake kuwana zivo, kukudziridza kuzvipira kuvandudzika.

Fancy makadhi

A matambudziko zvingafananidzwa akasika mukirasi kuti dzidzo panyama. Chidzidzo "Greeting makadhi kuti Piglet" anogona kuitwa muchimiro mutambo. Educator inofarirwa vana kubatsira kunhonga nekuda Piglet chipo. Muna katuni pamusoro Winnie ari Pooh ari mubvunzo chipo mbongoro, saka mubvunzo chii kupa Piglet, pakutanga sokuti vana vavatorwa. Vakomana kupa zvinhu zvakasiyana kuti unogona kupa Piglet. Kwakajairika muviri zvinogona ikava workshop chinonakidza umo mwana mumwe nomumwe achava vakabatikana kugadzira makadhi kuti kujairika katuni gamba. Havafaniri chete kukwira aine kukwazisa kadhi, asiwo kuwana zvose nokuda kwake. Kutange vakomana vazadze mabhokisi zvemashiripiti yavo (mabhokisi basa). mamwe mashoko acho ezvinhu neimwe mubhokisi muchikamu: madenderedzwa, maruva, mashizha. Pamwe muperekedzi vana vaitaura imwe mashiripiti nezvitsinga, mazwi invents pachake mudzidzisi. Chete pashure yakadaro kujairika dzinoiswa vakomana vanotanga kusika kwaziso makadhi kuti nakisisa Piglet. Mwana mumwe nomumwe anogamuchira pakuguma kadhi ravo nomumwe, nyaya unokwanisa Posted on rinokosha kumira.

Kukosha kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura

Chero dambudziko ezvinhu dzataurwa nokuda mudzidzisi, anofuridzira vanoenda kukireshi, kunobatsira kumutsa uye kuumba zvishande basa, kutanga okugadzira zvinhu. Pfungwa kuti rinoisa mudzidzisi pakutanga yechirongwa, somunhu musiyano wezvinyorwa kudzidza dambudziko anotsanangura.

mhedziso

At kuziva nenyika kudzidza vana dambudziko-kwakavakirwa chinhu chokutanga. Kana uchida kugadzirisa yakananga dambudziko mwana inonyanya pfungwa dzake, ndangariro, dzichiri Kurumidza kwazvo kujairana upenyu hwezuva nezuva. With kuzvicheka-Pfungwa pamusoro hypotheses, vanoenda kukireshi kudzidza nezvinangwa makirasi, tsvaka mikana uye siyana kutsvakurudza. Kana ukaronga chero dambudziko ezvinhu nemaune vakuru kukurudzira vana kuisa mberi pfungwa, kuvadzidzisa vafunga. Mwana haana kutya kuti chikanganiso, nekuti ndiye chokwadi kuti vanotanga ake aisazotyorwa kurangwa, asi nekusiyana, ose Kutaura mwana chichaparadza kukurudzirwa ne nomuperekedzi.

Kugadzirisa matambudziko avo pasina kutya kukanganisa, - ndicho chikuru dambudziko dambudziko dzidzo pre-pachikoro. Modern obrazovatelanya kuchinja munyika yedu iri tawirwa kuchinja zvikuru uye kutanga zvitsva zvinodiwa yeUnited dzidzo pakutanga ndiye nokuda Implementation iri kuenda kukireshi dambudziko nzira kudzidziswa. Kune wokutanga migumisiro yakanaka kutendeuka uku, achisimbisa kukosha uye timeliness of GEF. Vana vanogona kuronga mabasa avo, kuti aunganidze basa, angarega kuona chero matambudziko panguva kurovedza nemasangano edzidzo.