The dutu - zviri dzinongoitika chinoshamisa. Development, kupatsanura, mabhanan'ana basa

The dutu - chii? Zviripiko nokupatsanura kudenga uye mheni yomutinhiro zvinotyisa? The dutu - zviri munhu wechisikigo chinoshamisa. Mheni inonzi dzemagetsi discharges anogona vanowanika mukati mumakore (cumulonimbus) kana pakati makore uye pasi pevhu. Dzinowanzotanga achiperekedzwa mabhanan'ana. Mheni chokuita madzvotsvotsvo, mhepo rinorema, uye kazhinji nechimvuramabwe.

basa

The dutu - zviri chimwe chezvinhu ngozi zvakasikwa. Vanhu vakarohwa nemheni kurarama chete kure zviitiko.

Panguva iyoyo nayo chiito panyika pamusoro 1500 mabhanan'ana. tiite kuchinyanya zvinofungidzirwa mazana kwemheni pa wechipiri.

Kuparadzirwa mabhanan'ana paNyika gogonera. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro makondinendi 10 nguva kupfuura pamusoro penyanza. Most (78%) kwemheni discharges vari pfungwa iri ichinaya uye dzinopisa zvikamu. Kakawanda izvozvo yakatarwa dutu muCentral Africa. Asi polar nharaunda (Antarctica, Arctic) uye nematanda mheni anenge hazvioni. Kuwanda dutu, zvinoita sokuti, hwakabatana muviri yokudenga. Pakati pezana remakore latitudes yawo yepamusorosoro masikati (masikati) maawa kuti yezhizha. Asi kanenge nayo vakanyorwa pamberi kumabvazuva. Zvinokosha nenzvimbo zvinhu. The nzvimbo dutu simba kupfuura dziri muna eHimalaya uye Cordilleras (dzine gomo). Various gore negore uwandu "mazuva dutu" muRussia. In Murmansk Somuenzaniso, ndivo chete zvina, Arkhangelsk - gumi Kaliningrad - gumi, Peter - 16, Moscow - 24 Bryansk - 28, Voronezh - 26, Rostov - 31, Sochi - 50, Samara - 25, Kazan uye yekaterinburg - 28, Ufa - 31, Novosibirsk - 20 Barnaul - 32, Chita - 27 Irkutske uye Yakutsk - 12 Blagoveshensk - 28, Vladivostok - 13 Khabarovsk - 25, Yuzhno - 7, Petropavlovsk - 1.

mabhanan'ana budiriro

iri sei kuenda? Thundercloud aumbwa chete pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Kunodiwa kuvapo mwando runoyerera zvichikwira, ari mamiriro yaizova kuti apo mumwe chikamu zvacho iri chando wehurumende, mumwe - iri mvura. Convection, izvo zvichaita kuti pave nemabhanan'ana, ipapo pamusoro nguva shoma.

1. Gogonera kudziyisa pamusoro pemvura akaturikidzana. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro mvura, pamwe kwemisha tembiricha musiyano. Over maguta makuru dutu kuchinyanya richava zvishoma nesimba kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo dzakapoteredza.

2. Kana displacing chando inodziya mhepo. Front kokorodzano kazhinji anovandudza panguva imwe chete Kwakapararira uye Nimbostratus makore (makore).

3. With mhepo anokwira mune neeSultan gomo. Kunyange kwakadzikira duku kungatowedzera vawedzere gore inotungamirwa. Izvi kumanikidzwa convection.

Chero thundercloud, pasinei ayo mhando, kunodiwa kupfuura mumatanho matatu: cumulus, kukura padanho kuora.

kupatsanura

Mabhanan'ana nguva yave Classified chete panzvimbo pakuongorora. Vakakamurwa Somuenzaniso, chiperengo, emo, mberi. Zvino dutu iri Classified nokuda kuita, zvichienderana okunze runyararo umo kuva. Updrafts vari kuumbwa nokuda mumhepo kusagadzikana. Kuti sika makore dutu iri huru ezvinhu. Zviri maitiro anokosha zvikuru Rwako dzakadaro. Zvichienderana ukobvu dzavo uye kukura vari kuumbwa, ukuwo, marudzi akasiyana makore dutu. Vari zvakapatsanurwa?

1. Cumulonimbus odnoyacheykovye (local kana vnutrimassovye). Ivai chimvuramabwe kana mabhanan'ana basa. The transverse kukura 5 kusvika 20 km, kutwasuka - kubva 8 kusvika 12 km. "Upenyu" riri gore kune imwe awa. Mushure dutu mamiriro ekunze anoramba kumbochinja zvachose.

2. Mnogoyacheykovye sumbu. Pano pezvemakuriro zvaitoshamisa - kusvika 1000? Km. Mnogoyacheykovy sumbu chinofukidza boka masero dutu mumatanho akasiyana-siyana ayo inotungamirwa uye kukura, uye panguva imwe chete ndiyo chete. Sei vanoshanda? Masero Vakakura mabhanan'ana dziri pakati kuora kuti - kubva kurutivi leeward. Kuyambuka saizi yavo inogona kusvika 40? Km. Sumbu mnogoyacheykovye dutu "kupa" mhepo (squally, asi kwete simba), mvura, chimvuramabwe. Kuvapo sero akura ndeyevanyori hafu yeawa, asi sumbu pachayo anogona "kurarama" kwemaawa anoverengeka.

3. squall mutsetse. Paro mnogoyacheykovye mabhanan'ana. Vari anonziwo Linear. Vangave zvikukutu, uye pamwe pakakoromoka. Wind gusts vari yakareba (pamberi). Mnogoyacheykovaya mutsetse rava sokuti kuva rusvingo yerima makore. Kuwanda shinda (zvose uplink uye downlink) rakanyatsojeka guru. Ndokusaka yakadaro kunzwisisa kuti mabhanan'ana dzinoiswa sezvo multi-sero, kunyange dutu yakasiyana marongerwo. Squall mutsetse anogona kupa zvikuru mvura nechimvuramabwe chikuru, asi zvikuru "shoma" simba sniskhodyaschimi Rwako. Kazhinji parinopfuura pamberi chando mberi. Mumifananidzo, kwakadaro hurongwa ane chimiro uta hwakakungwa.

4. Superyacheykovye mabhanan'ana. Kune mabhanan'ana isingawanzowanikwi vakadaro. Vanofanira kunyanya ngozi pfuma uye upenyu hwevanhu. Gore ino zvakafanana odnoyacheykovym sezvo vose anosiyana mumwe upflow mapazi. Asi vane inosiyana. Superyacheykovoe gore - zvikuru - anenge 50 km mu nharaunda, nekukwirira - kusvika 15 km. Miganhu agone kuva stratosphere. The chimiro chakafanana chete Semi-tenderera panhera. zvazvingava nechokumusoro kwerwizi ndiko kwakakwirira zvikuru (kusvika 60 m / s). A maitiro chinhu - kuvapo kutenderera. Kuti anosika ngozi zviitiko, akanyanyisa (guru chimvuramabwe (vanopfuura 5 cm), dzinoparadza tornados). The chikuru chinokonzera dzakapoterera ezvinhu vari kuti paumbwe makore dzakadaro. Iri simba chaizvo gungano aine tembiricha kuti 27 uye shanduka mhepo negwara. ezvinhu akadaro kuitika kana mhepo fura ari troposphere. Kuumbwa updrafts, kunayisa hwakatamisirwa nomurwizi vematunhu, kuti anopa nguva upenyu gore. Precipitation ari disproportionately anoparadzirwa. Inonaya pedyo nechokumusoro kwerwizi nechimvuramabwe - riri pedyo kuchamhembe-mabvazuva. The shure yemadutu dzaigona misha. Ipapo mapazi kupfuura ngozi ndiyo yakabatana huru mubato.

Pane pfungwa "akaoma dutu." Ichi isingawanzowanikwi chakajairika, unhu monsoon. Nedutu yakadaro hapana kunayisa (havambokwanisi kusvika runopwa somugumisiro mukuru tembiricha).

mufambo havukavu

We ega mabhanan'ana zviri anenge 20 km / h, dzimwe nguva nokukurumidza. Kana basa inotonhora fronts, nokukurumidza ingave 80 km / h. Vakawanda yekare kutinhira madutu inotsiviwa masero matsva. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kure zviduku (ari hurongwa makiromita maviri), asi uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. kure inowedzerawo.

magetsi mashandiro

Varipi zippers pachavo? Electric mhosva kumativi makore uye mukati vavo yairamba ichifambira. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo kunzwisisa. Nyore nzira kuzviisa pasi mufananidzo basa dzemagetsi madzoro mumakore vachikura. It kunodzora mavari dipole akanaka marongerwo. Sei zvichinzi anoparadzirwa? The akanaka nokuchengeta riri pamusoro uye kunaka - pasi payo, mukati megore. Maererano inokosha pfungwa (chero unogona kufunga kuti iri shoma-kuongororwa nzvimbo sayenzi), kwakanyanya uye hombe nezvimedu zvinoramba isakarurama mhosva, uye vaduku chiedza vane mhosva zvakanaka. nokuwa rokutanga kupfuura chechipiri. Izvi zvinokonzera spatial kuparadzana nzvimbo mhosva. mashandiro aya anotsigirwa mumarabhoritari kuedza. Nhaka simba mutariri kuchinjirwa nezvimedu vari chando kana chimvuramabwe mbeu. Pezvemakuriro uye chiratidzo kuchaenderana pamusoro mvura zviri mumakore, tembiricha (ambient), kuti kudhumhana velocity (Pane zvinhu). Dziripowo matambudziko nevamwe zvigadziriswe. Buditsa kunoitika pakati pasi uye gore (kana kwazvakarerekera ezvinhu, kana ionosphere). Panguva iyi takaona achikwakuka kuburikidza kudenga chinopenyera. Kana mheni. Izvi achabatsirwa guru peals (kutinhira).

The dutu - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa. Kuridzidza zvingatora emakore akawanda, zvichida kunyange emakore.