Georg Trakl: Biography uye mabasa

Georg Trakl - kukuru nyanduri yeAustria, ane basa akafarirwa chete pashure pokufa kwake. mugumo wake kwakanga kuchirwadza, asi upenyu richivezwa pfupi nemakore 27. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumwe enhetembo nhaka zvishomanana akava zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro pave yeAustria mabhuku uye posthumous mbiri kumunyori.

Origin uye muduku

Saka, ndiani iye - Georg Trakl? Biography rinoti kuti akaberekwa ari gamba nyaya yedu February 3, 1887 mu Salzburg. Mhuri aiva nevana vakawanda, asi vapfumi, baba vake aiva vake basa - chitoro Hardware chitoro. mai emunyori Mariya akabereka murume vana vakawanda, uyo pakati George akanga wechishanu. Pasinei dzakawanda saka vana, nguva yavo mai kushandiswa Antiques uye mumhanzi makirasi, kwete vakaremerwa nokudzidzisa kuchizvarwa chevechiduku. Vana riitwe imwe governess French Marie. Little George akatambura zvakawanda mafungiro raamai ichi kuti gare gare kunooneka nhetembo yake.

Asi mufananidzo kwete amai rabva mupfungwa dzomwana. Ndigare naye nokusingaperi uye Marie, izvo zvaiita kutobaya chisikwa kubva imwe nguva. The governess aiva muKaturike vaida exchange kutenda kwavo vadzidzi. Uyezve, vakadzi kudzidza mutauro wavo French uye vanoziva mabhuku nyika yake. Zvakanga akarerwa vakabatsira zvikuru kwaita George somunhu nyanduri. Pasinei wakagumbuka iye akaramba kuti vamwe mai vake, pamusoro wake munyori uduku nguva dzose akati rudo, ichiiti nguva yaifadza muupenyu hwake.

kudzidza

Muna 5 years, Georg Trakl anopinda kukireshi kuchikoro Teachers College, uye muna 10 iye hwakatamisirwa jimunasiyamu. Asi kudzidza wakapiwa George imwe nguva nesimba, iye kunyange akagara rechipiri gore, uye mugiredhi 7th wokupedzisira kuongororwa akatadza dzenyaya matatu: masvomhu, chiRatini uye nechiGiriki. Iye kunyange haana kuziva girama mutauro wavo waamai. Rakanga chaizvo kururama George, aisagona batanidza mazwi maviri. Mukomana akanga zvakaoma chaizvo kuchikoro, yeAustria mirayiridzo kurwadzisa ake nokuzviremekedza. Navo akarangarira iye somukomana, musi uyo chiso kwagara "kunyarara, musoro kumhura."

Kukundikana pakudzidza kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti muna 1905, George chikoro uye akaenda kuvadzidzi kuti mishonga.

mabasa ekutanga

Georg Trakl mangwanani chaizvo akanzwa chido chake nhetembo. Back mumakore kudzidza kuchikoro chesekondari, wakaenda mabhuku denderedzwa, wakabereka zita "Apollo". Panguva ino, mumwe munyori wechiduku akatanga kufarira mumutambo. Muna 1906, vaviri mitambo ake vakanga kufanorongwa ari guta yemitambo Salzburg - "Fata Morgana" uye "Day Rokuyeuchidza '. Zvisinei, vose zvesimba vaiva kukundikana, vateereri vavo havana kukoshesa. For George waiva nokurova chaiye. The agumbuka akaparadza nhamo wenyaya, chete kupedzisa navo.

Asi chipingamupinyi ichi hazvina kumisa jaya. pashure pegore, muguta reShanduro "Salzburg National pepanhau" rakabudiswa nhetembo yake yokutanga, "Morning Rwiyo".

Zvisinei, kuti mabhuku kubudirira yakanga yakati pakukurirwa ndechokuti gumi Georg muropa morphine, veronal uye mhosva. Muropa zvakonzera matambudziko makuru pamwe kubata pamwe kwezvakatipoteredza uye vanhu. The chokwadi nokuti nyanduri yakanga sokusingatsungiririki, nyika ukama hwevanhu sokuti zvakaoma uye zvakaipa. Izvi ade vanozopinda munyika zvokungofungidzira uye zviroto. Pasinei muropa, George akadana munhu wechitendero zvikuru. In nhetembo yake, unogona kuwana yakawanda wechiKristu yemifananidzo motifs uye dzinotaura.

Edge Rudo - Akapomerwa?

Georg Trakl uye hanzvadzi yake vaiva pedyo chaizvo ukama kuti chamuita kuti makuhwa zhinji uye kufungidzira. Asi hapana chokwadi mavari?

Muna 1908, mudetembi anoenda University of Vienna ari pharmacological dhipatimendi asi panguva ino akanga zvachose akazvipa kuna nhetembo uye vasingagoni zvakanaka kubata kudzidza. Nokuti naye, mabhuku nyika ine chimwe mukana kutiza chokwadi.

Chikonzero ichi haana chete nekusagona kuvaka ukama nevamwe, asi pfungwa yacho wakarambidzwa. Kubva pauduku, George wakada Margaret munun'una wake. chido ichi akasarangarira mutadzi uye akamutumidza chituko. Kunyange zvakadaro, rudo musikana yazova chikuru tsika ruzivo nyanduri, iyo yakaumbwa hwaro basa rake.

Pane siyana zvekungofungira nezvoukama hwavo, kusvikira zvepabonde. Asi hapana ichi haina yasimbiswa uye chete inoshanda yokunyepera. Izvi zvinosimbiswa nechokwadi kuti shamwari yapedyo George muna 1912 raiva nedutu aidanana Margaret.

Brother uye hanzvadzi kwakanga kwakabatana chete ukama. Vakanga zvikuru zvakafanana nemaitiro uye maonero. Margaret akava mutongi mangwanani nhetembo Nyanduri wokutanga. Georg akavimba naye hope dzake dzose uye zvakavanzika. Imwe hanzvadzi yaiva akagadzirira kutsigira uye kumunyaradza, kana vanhu vakaramba mukomana nguva dzose. Saka, zvose zviri kuzivisa rudo kuti varipo vari nhetembo ari munyori. Nokuti iye, hanzvadzi yaiva chete munhu aigona kunzwisisa iye.

Kurarama munyika ine nhetembo

Poetry akava chete mukana kuvhura mwoyo wake uye kutaura. Chete vaikwanisa kuva pachavo Georg Trakl. Poems akazviratidza mumwe pashure perimwe. Zvisinei, kubudisa kwavari zvakaoma chaizvo. Kana upenyu emunyori akauya muunganidzwa chidiki mabasa ake.

Pasinei kunyudza munyika wenhetembo, akakwanisa kudzidza kubva yunivhesiti uye dhigirii tenzi wacho. Pashure paizvozvo, George yadzoka Salzburg. Kwekanguva akashanda mishonga. Zvisinei, upenyu huno ndokumuvigira kuchema, sezvo akanga zvikuru nepoetichna uye kwete kufanana nyika zviroto. Naizvozvo nhetembo yake akarondedzera iyi: "... kuti hellish mhirizhonga mutinhimira uye mifananidzo."

At basa, kazhinji akagara musoro wake mumaoko ake, kwete kunzwa chinhu kuitika paari. Akabhabhatidzwa zvachose pfungwa dzake pachake. Muridzi chemishonga, yakanaka hunhu chaizvo murume kazhinji kurega mukomana kumba mangwanani.

Pasina nzira yokutsigira

Two vaneshungu munyori nokuwedzera - zvinodhaka uye nhetembo - vakava shamwari dzakaipa kuti upenyu chaihwo. Kana rimwe basa Trakl yaisakwana nokuda refu, uye mari waakawana nokuda kwokubudisa nhetembo mupepanhau, kwete zvakakwana chinhu. Mudetembi wacho aiva Neustroev, basa iri chemishonga, uye ipapo muchipatara aisagona kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Mabhuku basa rakanga zvisingaiti kuwana.

Georg Trakl kunyange aida kuenda Borneo kushanda mishonga imomo, asi ari Resettlement nyika muNetherlands, iye chakarambwa. It kunyimwa iye tariro yake yokupedzisira kuna yakati kupinda ino.

The kutsvaka pacharo

Mumakore aya, George anogara chete mari ave shamwari, pamusoro waakanga akanyora zvikuru nhetembo yake mhindu. Munyori anoedza kuwana nzvimbo uye mosques Europe yose, anoshanyira mühlau, Innsbruck, Venice, Salzburg, Vienna. Asi kwose kwose zviri kumirira basa iri wachi mabasa, raakanga kazhinji zvakakopwa, mufaro upenyu, waini, vakadzi uye kutengesa zvinodhaka. izvi zvose wotengeswa pamwe rinoshamisa nechido uye chido Georg Trakl. Complete muunganidzwa nhetembo ari rondedzero nyanduri upenyu huzere uyewo, sezvo izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa nhetembo yake. Zvisinei, munguva upenyu munyori uye havasi takatondeswa ona bhuku rakadaro.

Trakl ari nzenza nzira youpenyu. Familiar chiratidzo kuchinja kamwe kamwe Kwemanzwiro uye tsika. Aigona kuva inofadza uye kusimba nomuromo uye vaigona kuva nehasha uye kudzoreka nokutuka. Panguva iyi, mudetembi aishingaira akatakurirwa ari okugadzira zvinhu pamusoro Dostoevsky. Hazvina kubva mabasa Classics Russian kuuya nhetembo yake nezita "Sonja".

Pamakore okupedzisira uye rufu

Ravanhu rezasi rungs kwemarongerwe evanhu manera, nokusingaperi vaida mari, Trakl aigona achiri kuita rudo munyika ounyanzvi. Saka, muna 1912, iye akasangana vaparidzi magazini Brenner, mabhuku vatsoropodzi O. Kokoschka, uye Karl Kraus, uyewo rinozivikanwa muvezi uye rokupenda. Zvisinei, zvisungo izvi zvakanga zvisina simba nokuda mupfungwa Nyanduri uye ake akadaro maitiro.

Muna 1913 akauya chete muunganidzwa rakabudiswa pakararama Trakl, yainzi "Poems".

Muna 1914, mudetembi anogamuchira bhezari kuti vanyori dzaishayiwa. Asi nyanduri haana nguva kurishandisa - hondo yakatanga. Nokukurumidza Trakl somunhu vanomiswawo akanzi kuhondo. Akatumwa kumberi sechipatara mishonga. In pakati hondo munyori mberi kunwa zvinodhaka.

Asi kana rinorema kurwisana uye vanachiremba vasina Trakl aifanira kutora pamusoro kurapwa. With hapana dzidzo uye ruzivo, iye kuvhiyiwa varwi vakuvara. Kutyisa hondo Vawira naye mugomba mwoyo kuti akaedza kuzviuraya. Asi nguva yake vakaadzivira uye akatuma kuna Krakow kuchipatara kuongororwa pedyo chiremba wepfungwa. Pano akatanga uye vakaipedza, ndokuguma ane November 3, 1914. The rufu gwaro iri mbiru "Reason", zvakanzi: "Suicide imhaka kudhaka ne cocaine."

Georg Trakl, "Sebastian muchiroto"

muunganidzwa iyi nhetembo Nyanduri akava wechipiri. Zvinosuruvarisa shanduro yake George haana kumirira, sezvo yakabudiswa muna 1915, rimwe gore mushure munyori afa.

Mudetembi akanga anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa pachikamu, nhetembo vakasarudzwa, ipapo proofread uchapupu-related. Collection zvakafanana zita anogona kuwanika pamusoro echiShinto pakati kuzvitoro zvemabhuku nhasi, asi ayo kugutsikana achava siyanei. "Sebastian muchiroto 'kazhinji ichichinja dzakaunganidzwa Nyanduri wacho mabasa zvakakwana.

Georg Trakl. The Kuongorora nhetembo "Winter Night"

Chimbofunga mumwe nhetembo ari munyori software.

Basa rinorondedzera kujairana mufananidzo Nyanduri paakanga, agodhakwa anobva kumhanya-mhanya uye ruzha, kuenda kumba usiku. George rinorondedzera nezvekufadza ruzivo panguva: "Tsoka Dzako kana achifamba mhete ... kunyemwerera azere kusuruvara ... Petrified chiso chako ... akacheneruka huma nechando." Lyrical mwoyo kusuwa, zvose zviri yakazara nenhamo, kunyange zvisikwa portends zvakaipa "Stars vaungana chiratidzo chakanaka." Usiku zvinogona kuzoipa, asi zuva ruponeso. Kurwisa ake chinorondedzerwa majestically uye kwazvo: "Silver anoita vaaleanpunainen zuva". Kuuya mambakwedza, achiperekedzwa ne kurira kuti "mabhero yekare." Zuva banishes murima usiku uye hope Nyanduri zvakaipa.

Zvinosiririsa mufananidzo inomira Georg Trakl. emunyori nhetembo ndiwo uchapupu kuti. gamba rake lyrical iri achinyatsotaurira munyika ine rima yakazara mimvuri, mashura zvakaipa uye hope dzakaipa. Chete chiedza anogona kumuisa ehurumende ichi. Asi rakatevera usiku zvose zvakare.

The firimu uye mumhanzi

The Pop tsika akatora okupedzisira nzvimbo Georg Trakl. Firimu iri nezvenyaya yake pakavanda hanzvadzi yake akapfurwa muna 2011, aitungamirirwa Christoph Stark. The kupenda akanzi "kunorambidzwa. Mweya hakuna nzvimbo Panyika. " Munyaya yakawanda ingano uye fungidziro, sezvo iri nyore kuona, kana isu funga kuti kusvikira zvino hapana biographers ari munyori haana kusimbisa kuti zvechokwadi akanga ane aidanana hanzvadzi yake. The mufananidzo haasi zvakapararira, Mutengo kuti vaoni uye vatsoropodzi vari paavhareji.

More dzakakurumbira nevanyori musicians okusika. Saka, David Tukhmanov nziyo pachishandiswa nhetembo Georga Traklya. Munyori kutenderera inonzi "Holy Night, kana Mwanakomana Sebastian."

Uyewo, 1992 Album Germany gothic dombo bhendi DZIMWEWO akanga zvachose vakazvipira mabasa munyori. Uye muna 1978, Klaus Schulze, munyori, Berlin School, akanyora gadzira mimhanzi inonzi Georg Trakl.