Sailing midziyo, avo mhando uye unhu. Sailboats. mufananidzo

Tanga chaienda midziyo (kuti zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino) aiva makore anopfuura zviuru zvitatu apfuura muEgipita, uye ari kwakajairika igwa yakarurama rechikepe uye gozvo are. Kwapera chinguva, zvakawanda yepamusoro mhando kuita vokuFenikiya. Pakuvaka kwavo, vakashandisa matanda Lebanese emisidhari nemiouki. ReFenikiya zvengarava vaiva shipyards, izvo zvakaunza chikepe vezvokutengeserana kuroorwa-masted uye zvakawanda akashongedzerwa warships. Around ari V muna. BC. e. Navy aiva vaGiriki vekare uye Romans nechekare. Zvisinei, zhinji chaienda midziyo akazviratidza Europe munguva huru nenzvimbo matongo. Yakanga masimba simba kupfuura European pakutsvaka itsva nyuchi vakatanga kushongedzera wengarava flotilla kufamba kwete chete mhiri kwegungwa, asi pasi pose. Saka vakatanga zvinovava kurwirana utongi mugungwa, iyo pave yezviri kuvandudzika shipbuilding indasitiri.

midziyo Sailing munyika yanhasi

Munguva yedu, apo hondo rengarava akashongedzerwa pamwe kusvikira pakutanga michina nezvikepe simba chaienda muenzaniso akatanga kushandiswa kureva varaidzo. Vazhinji ano chaienda yachts they the à kumusoro. MuEurope uye America, uko kune mitambo vacation netsvimbo, mitambo regattas inoitwa gore negore. Most kazhinji zviitiko zvakadaro wakapindwa kufamba nechikepe yacht.

Regatta - makwikwi pakati mvura chaienda kana kukwasva midziyo.

Setsika, makwikwi aya inoitwa America uye England. Mamwe regatta ndiwo pakukura dzomunyika makwikwi, akadai. "America Cup".

Kupatsanura sailboats ndakatsunga zvichienderana nokurondedzerwa uye tooling. Pazasi pane pfungwa marudzi akasiyana-siyana sailboats.

Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando maseiri

• Ngarava pamwe mativi maseiri.

• Ngarava pamwe lateen maseiri.

Square nechikepe yaishandiswa nevaIjipiti vekare uye VaFenikiya. Zviri kanivhasi somunhu trapezium, wanamatira kune chinjikira pgg. Zvikepe pamwe sikweya maseiri zvakanaka chete nemhepo, saka vakakurumidza runako atsiva pachigaro dare pamwe slanting maseiri.

Oblique nechikepe riri rwemberi divi rechikepe, kuti icho wanamatira ayo mucheto kumberi. Midziyo slanting maseiri zvakakwana kufamba sezvinoita mhepo akanaka, uye mhepo pamwero unopinza. Slanting maseiri, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa:

• Latin.

• Spritsail.

• jibs.

Kupatsanura nenhamba masts

• chete-masted nechikepe Yacht.

• vaviri-masted vacation.

• Mnogomachtovye vacation.

Mast - ndiyo chikamu rig. Zviri wehunyambiri nemamiriro chikepe, iyo kazhinji rinotsigirwa kushandisa chinokosha ndichisveerera. Mast akagadzira ainyanya kubva softwood.

Masts munyika yanhasi

In huru ngarava ano kuti havana midziyo chaienda, shongwe akarasikirwa mashandiro zvikuru uye anoshandiswa zvimwe zvinangwa:

• Kuti varege national unhu nyika yavo (mureza uye nguvo maoko).

• Kuti varege nyora mamiriro mamiriro ngarava (kupatsanura varwere akwira moto mungarava, chibooreso, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

• Kuti kuisa zvakasiyana chiedza zviratidzo.

• Kuti hwokugadza vamwe inzwi zvichikurukura namano.

• Kuti kubhadhara mutero neHurumende ane mvura panguva iyi chikepe. Akatasva rechikepe national flag munyika.

• Kana paine akafa murume mungarava, mune chiratidzo chokuchema uye mutero kuna mundangariro dzake tikarega zvishoma kuremekedza mureza.

marudzi masts

• foremast. Ndiwo rechikepe wokutanga, tichiverenga kubva uta muchikepe.

• mainmast. It akadai kuvaka chikepe mhino rwechipiri. Pana vaviri-matatu-masted midziyo uye achiri yakakwirira chaizvo.

• Mizzen-rechikepe. The aft rechikepe, izvo pane chikepe ndiyo ichangoburwa kubva mhino.

Api mvura chokufambisa dziripo?

Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando Hull chaienda:

• Wooden.

• Plastic.

• Steel.

Kupatsanura dzengarava ngarava kwenhamba Muzviitiko:

• Single Hull

• kaviri hulled (nechikepe and catamaran)

•-zvikamu zvitatu (nechikepe trimaran).

Pakupedzisira, kupatsanura dzengarava zvikepe, zvichienderana kushandiswa keel:

• Keel chikepe (ngarava yakadaro vanoshandisa rinorema keel, izvozvo zvinogona kuderedza ngarava vasakukurwa uye kuderedza pakati regiravhiti).

• Zifungu (pamusoro nezvikepe zvakadaro kuisa chaiyo daggerboard, kana zvichikodzera, zvinokwanisika kusimudza uye kuderedza nekubatwa ngarava).

• Yacht-nzwisisa (vanoshandisa zvenguva mazano pakati Zifungu uye keel designs).

A-siyana midziyo

Zvinofanira mazita pangarava.

AAK - akadukupa-masted mudziyo ane sandara pasi, zvakagadzirirwa kutakura mitoro diki.

Kuhukura - ndiwo ngarava huru, ndine kubva matatu shanu masts. Ngarava iri kazhinji akashongedzerwa ane mativi nechikepe, chete imwe aft pedanda rechikepe slanting wakaiswa.

Barquentine - Marine-pyatimachtovy matatu mukachikepe. Vazhinji shongwe takashongedzerwa pamwe oblique maseiri. yepamhino mamiriro chete ane mativi nechikepe.

Brig - maviri-masted chikepe rine zvakananga rig pamusoro huru rechikepe uye jib uye rechikepe slanting Spritsail pamusoro mainsail.

Brigantine - nyore maviri masted mudziyo pamwe slanting maseiri pamusoro mainmast uye mativi maseiri pamusoro foremast, kwakadai rig anonzi yakavhenganiswa.

Galleon - mnogopalubnoe guru mudziyo gungwa-kuenda vane atirari zvombo simba. Galleons takagadzirirwa refu Reisen uye hondo. nechikepe ngarava Ndivo chaizvo Speed vari maneuverable uye anoumbwa unorema chiSpanish uye Chirungu rengarava.

Zvisingavaki muviri - remuti mudziyo maviri-nemana-masted, yaishandiswa kunyanya kuSoutheast Asia uye vachashayiwawo rwizi kana kumahombekombe egungwa mitoro.

IOL - brig rine oblique maseiri uye rechikepe aft nzvimbo seri gozvo akabatana.

Caravel - mitatu-mina-masted seagoing mudziyo pamwe neveMamwe rig yakagadzirirwa gungwa Reisen uye chinokosha mitoro motokari.

Galera - saka akadana anenge ose chikepe-kukwasva zvikepe, zvaishandiswa kare. Kuwedzera rig, aiva mumwe kana vaviri kukwasva mutsara.

Karakka - huru-masted matatu chikepe inoshandiswa wezvokutengeserana uye uto zvinangwa. Chikepe chaigona kuva shop kusvika matatu uye ane chinoshamisa kanoni chombo.

KECh - duku mbiri-masted chikepe. Urongwa siyana pamusoro aft rechikepe pamberi vhiri akabatana.

Frigate - uto trehmachtovik zvizere rig. Classic frigate akasikwa France nepakati nemasere remakore uye chiri nyore maneuverable muchikepe maoko akanaka.

Nyere - gungwa yakanaka chikepe chikepe rakagadzirirwa zvechiuto senga zvinangwa. Nokuti kuti kureba chikepe kakawanda kupfuura yakafara, nyere vaigona kufamba runako pedyo kumhepo, uye akamupa chinokosha paanopfuura vamwe, zvishoma maneuverable midziyo.

Sloop - uto matatu-masted chikepe pasi maseiri twasu. Raishandiswa senzira sevarindi uye motokari.

Schooner - nyore nechikepe chikepe, waiva kushoma pakati masts maviri slanting maseiri. Schooner zviri nyore chaizvo kushandisa. Vari ainyanya kushandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana rokutengesa motokari.

vacation

Pakutanga nechikepe vacation ndiko kutsanya uye chiedza midziyo yaishandiswa nokuda chokufambisa ose nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vanhu. Zvadaro, mukuru Yacht akatanga zita chero motor-chaienda, injini kana chikepe, akaronga kuti nzvimbo kana zvemitambo zvinangwa.

The yacht yokutanga yakabuda regumi namasere remakore. Vakanga zvakasimba zvakakwana uye vakasununguka, ndicho chikonzero vapfumi vanosarudza kwakadai mugungwa zvifambiso. Modern chaienda magwa vari outboard injini, izvo zvinoita nyore kuita kuti chengarava uye nechikepe ari kunonoka kumhanya, kunyange panguva yakazara akadzikama. Vari akakamurwa cruising (mungarava pane cabins), mafaro uye Mujaho.

Tenga chitoro

Nhasi, sailboats dzakawanda zvenhau chisisipo uye akaramba chete pamusoro mapeji uchinzvera enganonyorwa uye mifananidzo iri magazini nemabhuku. Asi hazvina kukodzera agumbuka zvikuru. In kuchitoro unogona kutenga yokutevedzera dzengarava zvikepe akagadzirirwa Category yakarongedzwa. Panewo anokosha Kits uye emirayiridzo yeungano pangarava nemaoko avo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nekunhonga chikepe yokutevedzera - iri zvemafaro chaizvo chitandadzo, kuwedzera kuRussia.

Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye kunozivikanwa pangarava, mapikicha uye mhando kuti dzakakurumbira:

Kuhukura "Yokuita" - ichi yakakurumbira chikepe James Cook, pamusoro raakanga nechikepe kune asingazivikanwi apo pamhenderekedzo Australia uye New Zealand.

"Neva" uye "Hope" - sloops maviri kokutanga munhoroondo Russian kuti of circumnavigate panyika.

"Muchinda" - imwe frigate Chirungu kuti akanyura 1854 muGungwa Black pashure aiparadza dutu. Popularity kwakakonzerwa nerunyerekupe mungarava pfuma, iyo akanga akatakura.

"Meri Rouz" - the flagship vemauto Chirungu King Henry the Eighth, uyo zvinosuruvarisa akanyura 1545.

«Great Zimbabwe» - mukuru clipper pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, iyo yakavakwa yakakurumbira shipbuilder Donald McKay.

"Arieri" - British clipper, akaita yakakurumbira chokuti muna 1866 vakakunda akakurumbira "tii rudzi" kubva China kuLondon.

"Adventure" - chikepe imwe yakakurumbira Pirates - Captain William Kidd.

mhedziso

Nguva pangarava yaiva nguva inofadza zvechokwadi uchinzvera uye dzorudo. Pangarava vaiitawo wengarava hondo dzakawanda, nechikepe kune dzisina Mahombekombe uye zvifambiswe pfuma inokosha, izvo chokuita vazhinji ngano. Ngarava iyi mhando yakatsaurirwa kuna akawandisa mabhuku mabasa. Kwakavakirwa munhau uye tiwane nyaya chokuita nechikepe mienzaniso mifananidzo yakawanda inozivikanwa ushingi mafirimu.