How kuti pepa polyhedron. Polyhedra Paper - vanoronga

Paper Crafts - iri siyana makadhi mafomu akaita muchimiro sandara zvigadzirwa kwete chete. Very yepakutanga Nhamba vakawana-dimensional matatu muenzaniso (mufananidzo 1). Somuenzaniso, zvinogona zvakavakwa mapepa polyhedron. Funga dzimwe nzira dzacho, kushandisa chati uye mifananidzo.

History zvitarisiko

Ancient sainzi kwemasvomhu iri midzi kure kare, panguva kubudirira Rome yekare uye Greece. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kubatanidza hwokugadzira zvinhu zviri youzivi. Saka, maererano nedzidziso Plato (mumwe nevafungi vekare), mumwe nomumwe polyhedra zvinosanganisira dzinoverengeka dzakafanana ndege inomirira mumwe maatomu akafanana. Zvekare zvimiro zvemhashu zvokuridza - octahedron uye tetrahedron icosahedron - chokuita mhepo, mvura uye moto, ukuwo, uye anogona vatendeuke kupinda mumwe nokuda kufanana kwakaita zviso, imwe neimwe ine apexes matatu. Earth inomirira hexahedron kuti dzinoungana. A dodecahedron, nemhaka chaiwo pentagonal zviso, anoita decoration basa, uye ndiye kumumvuri zvinoenderana uye runyararo.

Tinozivawo kuti mumwe yemasvomhu Euclid akaratidza paaidzidzisa, "Nako" mavambo akataura Platonic nezvishoma nepfuma yavo "vakwane" kupinda nzvimbo (mufananidzo 2). It kunoratidzwa kubva papepa polyhedron kupfurikidza shangu imwe serried pakati maviri equilateral zvokuridza. Scheme chinoratidza muenzaniso mukugadzira nemifananidzo. Ngatikurukurei zvose zvokukura basa kusikwa ane icosahedron.

tinoita icosahedron

The icosahedron rinoumbwa zvakaenzana kadikidiki isosceles zvokuridza. Inogona nyore akapeta kushandisa unoratidzwa Figure 2 kutsvaira. Tora rectangular papepa. Swederai pamusoro payo maviri akafanana pakukura pezvakaita zvokuridza, achiisa navo misara mina. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe kusangana nomunhu panguva kuva bato kune vamwe. The zvichiguma muenzaniso rinoshandiswa paakagadzira preform. Richava vakasiyana nechigadziko-tsvaira pamberi Kushivirira chokuedza pamusoro hunde dzacho dzose. Chekai bepa varara, peta nayo pamwe pemitsara. Wezvamatongerwe polyhedron yakagadzirwa bepa, pfupi-redunhu yokunyanyisa pemitsara pachavo. Panyaya iyi vertices ose zvokuridza batanidza kune imwe pfungwa.

Regular polyhedra

All nhamba vakasiyana mumwe akasiyana kuwanda kunobatanidza vavo chimiro. Uyezve, dzimwe mhando zvinogona akapeta kubva chete jira (sezvinorondedzerwa Example gadzira icosahedron) vamwe - chete kuburikidza muunganidzwa modules anoverengeka. Vaiona chekare dzose polyhedra. Kubva dzavo bepa kugadzira, vanobatisisa huru nemitemo symmetry - pamberi template zvachose mungashandisa zviso. Pane mhando shanu chikuru nenhamba. Zvinotevera tafura anopa mashoko pamusoro mazita avo, nhamba uye Zvekare zvimiro zvemhashu zvakaita zviso:

A-siyana maumbirwo

Pahwaro kwevashanu kwemarudzi vakanyorwa, uchishandisa unyanzvi uye fungidziro, nemhizha nyore kugadzira mienzaniso yakasiyana mazhinji mapepa. The polyhedron ingava yakasiyana kubva-pamusoro apa zvidimbu mashanu, kuumbwa panguva kushandisa zviso siyana, dzakadai dzinoungana uye nezvimwe zvokuridza. Saka kuwana muviri buoyancy. Uye kana mumwe kana kupfuura zviso kusuwa, wawana isina chimiro uchiriona nevanhu kunze uye mukati. Nokuti zvaAtemisi hwakasimba mienzaniso vachishandisa chaiwo mapatani akavezwa kubva gobvu, tsime kuramba chimiro, bepa. Ita uye chinokosha polyhedra mapepa. Zvirongwa zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinosanganisira kuvapo okuwedzera yakabudikira modules. Ngatikurukurei nzira kuvaka yakanaka chaizvo mufananidzo pamusoro muenzaniso dodecahedron (mufananidzo 3).

How kuti pepa polyhedron pamwe gumi nhongonya: nzira yokutanga

Nhamba iyi inonzi stellated dodecahedron. Mumwe nomumwe vertices ayo panguva yayo chinhu dzose nePentagon. Naizvozvo, kuti nzira mbiri polyhedra mapepa akadaro. nokuti kugadzirwa matunhu achasiyana chimwe kubva mumwe. Muchiitiko chokutanga chiri chimwe (Mufananidzo 4), somugumisiro Kumbofungatira iyo anoramba rakapera chigadzirwa. Kunze huru zviso varipo ari mufananidzo wacho unobva mugove chokuedza, naro mufananidzo merges mugomba chete. Nokuti gadzira ane polyhedron nzira yechipiri kuita yoga mapatani akawanda. Funga muitiro inoshanda zvakadzama.

How kuti polyhedron yakagadzirwa mapepa: nzira yechipiri

Zvokuzvigadzirira simbi dzomuchina template huru mbiri (Mufananidzo 5):

- First. Dhirowa denderedzwa pamusoro jira mugovane mhiri muzvikamu zviviri. Mumwe uchava hwaro yomufananidzo, kuti chinhu chakakombama wechipiri pakarepo zvinomuomera kuikanganwa zvivanakire. Chekai chidimbu kupinda shanu vakaenzana kumativi uye kushomeka nharaunda kwomuchinjikwa zvikamu zvose. Izvi kwakaguma waakaita pamwe shanu fanana isosceles zvokuridza. Swedera pedyo kuti pakati chidimbu ari chaiwo chete denderedzwagama, asi girazi mufananidzo. The zvichiguma chikamu kana kushoma sokunge pasikweya maviri. ZvaAtemisi zvakafanana mune zvose matanhatu. Nokuti gluing navo achishandisa chechipiri, iyo pachaiswa mukati.

- Chechipiri. muenzaniso uyu - a shanu-wakananga nyeredzi. Kutevera chete zvidimbu gumi. Wezvamatongerwe polyhedron, mumwe nomumwe nyeredzi upwardly vakakotamisa inoguma akaisa mukati conical nhengo uye vakanamatira zviso.

Full mutariri maumbirwo yaunganidzwa unobatanidza mamwe kaviri misa zvikamu mapepa, roatora mukati. Modelling zvigadzirwa ndiyo matambudziko zvakakwana kuti vave vakasiyana pakukura. Finished muenzaniso bepa polyhedra hazvisi nyore kuwedzera. Hazvina kukwana kungoti kushivirira zvose zvinoonekwa miganhu. Tinoda kuti scaled yoga nechimwe zviso. Chete nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuwana wakakurisa kopi muenzaniso yepakutanga. Achishandisa nzira mukugadzira munhu polyhedron rechipiri, zvinova nyore chaizvo, sezvo zvichaita zvakakwana kuwedzera kwokutanga workpiece, iyo akaita nhamba inodiwa zvikamu.