Crimean Tatar mutauro: zvinhu uye huru unhu

Chii mutauro Crimean Tatar? Ndezvipi pamitemo yemitauro zvinhu ine? Kana chokuita mutauro wechiTatar? Mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi uye titarisire.

Crimean Tatars

Crimean Tatar vanhu rinowanzoshandiswa kwaenzaniswa chete Tatars vaigara Russia. zvisizvo Izvi zvinobva nguva Russian Empire, apo vose anongofamba Turkic vanhu vanonzi "Tatars". Kunosanganisirawo Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Tatars muna Crimea vari zvizvarwa. Zvizvarwa zvavo ndiwo marudzi ekare siyana vanogara kuchamhembe Black Sea nharaunda. A rinokosha vaitambira ethnogenesis pamusoro Turkic avanhu, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, Karaites, Huns uye Krymchaks.

Nhoroondo paumbwe Crimean Tatars somunhu yoga dzinza kwakaitika pamusoro Peninsula iri XIII-XVII emakore. Pakati vamiririri vayo anowanzoshandiswa achizvipa "Crimeans." Anthropological mhando ndezvake munhu Caucasian. Kunze ndiko subethnos gumbo ane zvinhu zvakafanana Caucasian uye Mongoloid marudzi.

Crimean mutauro Tatar

Crimea unotaurwa anenge 490 zviuru vanhu. Zvinonzi yapararira pamusoro munharaunda Russia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Turkey uye ndiyo imwe nevakawanda kutaurwa mitauro muRepublic of Crimea.

The kunyora iri aiwanzoshandiswa Latin, kunyange zvichiita uye Cyrillic kunyora. Most wevakurukuri vanogara kuCrimea (vanhu vanenge zviuru 300). In Bulgaria uye Romania, uwandu Crimean Tatars anenge 30 zviuru.

mutauro Tatar ndiye "hama", asi kunyanya pedyo. mitauro Vose vane Turkic uye vanobatanidzwa Kipchak subgroup. Zvadaro awo diverge. Into Tatar vanofurirwa zvakasimba kubudikidza Finno-Ugric, Russian, Arabic. Musi Crimean Tatar akanga kuchinjwa vokuItaly, vaGiriki, ivo Cumans uye Kipchaks.

tumitauro

Crimean Tatar vanhu rakakamurwa huru subethnos matatu neimwe anotaura pachake mutauro wavo. Kuchamhembe chikamu Peninsula aumba inowanzorimwa remutauro kungova Nogai-Kypchak mitauro.

South, kana yalyboysky, mutauro pedyo mutauro wokuTurkey. A chinokosha simba pamusoro pake wakange vokuItaly nevaGiriki vanogara kumaodzanyemba pamhenderekedzo Peninsula. Munguva bazi remutauro kune chikwereti mazwi kubva mumitauro yavo.

Rakajairika ndiyo mutauro pakati. Hazvina zvenguva pakati mamwe maviri. Rinoreva kuti Polovtsian-Kipchak boka Turkic mitauro uye rine zvakawanda zvinhu Oguz. Mumwe mutauro zvinosanganisira tumitauro akawanda.

Kupatsanura uye Features

mutauro Crimean Tatar ndowenyika mitauro Turkic, izvo zvinozoita ndohwaJehovha Altai boka pamwe Mongolian, Korean uye Tungus-Manchurian mitauro. Zvisinei, dzidziso iyi pane vavengi vanoramba kuvapo Altaic pfungwa.

Munguva kupatsanura pane zvimwe matambudziko mutauro. Kazhinji, ndezvenguva Kypchak-Polovtsian subgroup mitauro. Izvi kururama, nekuti kana asina kufungwa ukama dzaro Oghuz mitauro, riri kuchengetwa mukati rwechiHebheru.

Tichitarisa zvose zvaidiwa Crimean mutauro yokukakavadzniswa, zvinonzi Classified sezvinotevera:

History uye mabhuku

Remutauro yakatanga kuMiddle Ages. Panguva iyo Crimean nyika akararama vakawanda vemadzinza kuti akafurira paumbwe mutauro. Ndokusaka mutauro Crimean Tatar dzinosiyana zvinooneka munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kweItari.

Munguva yose Crimean Khanate, vagari akamanikidzwa kutaura hweOttoman. Mumazuva tsika Russian Empire ari kuderera Crimeans. Her kupora kwakatanga XIX remakore. Zvadaro, nemhaka Ismail Gasprinsky akazviratidza mabhuku mutauro Crimean wechiTatar. At chawo akarara wezasi bazi remutauro.

Kusvikira 1927 tsamba chaiitirwa echiArabhu. Gore rakatevera, sezvo hwaro mutauro chaiko akasarudzwa pakati remutauro, uye zvakanyorwa rakashandurirwa arufabheti Latin. Akanzi "Yanalif" kana "kuroorwa Turkic arufabheti".

Muna 1939 akaedza kuita Cyrillic, asi tsamba Latin vakatanga kare 90s. Hazvina siyanei Yanalif: tsamba mureza Latin vasiri kutsiviwa accented vatambi kuti akawedzera kufanana mutauro wokuTurkey.

Mutauro uye anokosha unhu

Crimean Tatar ane mutauro agglutinative. Zvinoreva mashoko uye zvirevo zvisina kushandurwa nokuda terminations, uye achishandisa "gluing" pamusoro suffixes mashoko uye namira. Kutakura mashoko kwete chete pane lexical zvinoreva shoko, asi uyewo ukama pakati mashoko uye zvichingodaro. D.

Language zvinosanganisira zvikamu gumi hwekutaura, nhanhatu nyaya, Mhando ina rechiito conjugation, matatu enguva kutukana ezvirevanguva (chipo, zvekare uye ramangwana). It isina mhando zvisazitasingwi uye emazita. Somuenzaniso, wokuRussia akati, iye, yakafanana mumwe chete chimiro - "iwe".

Pari bhuku, duramazwi uye mushanduri pamusoro mutauro Crimean Tatar paIndaneti nyore chaizvo kuwana. Saka kuziva naye haangavi nyore. Pazasi pane mienzaniso mashoko mureza nemitsara mutauro: