Chii chinonzi mutauro agglutinative?

Shoma iyi kudzidza mitauro tichitarisa dzidziso dzavo. Kazhinji munhu anofarira chete Chat pamwe vatorwa mutauro wavo pane kunzwisisa nei verbs uye adjectives vazvibate nzira imwe kana mumwe. Asi zvemutauro Zvinofadza chaizvo uye zvinobatsira kupindura mibvunzo yakaita: "? Mutauro Chirungu - inflectional kana agglutinative" Rinoshanda kushandiswa nokuti munhuwo zvake uyu zvishoma Zvisinei, kunzwisisa zviri dzidziso inogona kunzwisiswa, se "kushanda" mitauro, uye kuramba kuongorora kwavo kare anenge intuitively.

History wemitauro

Vanhuwo zvavo chete kukurukura pasina kuongorora vanozviita sei, uye nei vamwe mashoko chichasimbiswa zvakadai, ivo. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane vaya vanonetseka kuti mitemo tumitauro zvakasiyana dzinovakwa. Uye vanhu vakanga kurifarira refu asati nguva yedu, chaizvoizvo akazogadzira sainzi tinoziva nhasi sezvo zvemutauro. Zviri ikozvino zvakaoma kutaura uyo akaisa midzi yawo, nekuti nhasi kurangwa ichi rakakamurwa vazhinji nemapazi. Asi musayendisiti kusvikira zvemutauro ano, ayo muvambi anogona kunzi American Leonarda Blumfilda. kwekuratidzira ake akauya pakutanga ari XX remakore, uye akakwanisa kufuridzira vateveri vake kwete chete kuvapo dzidziso, asiwo avo kushanda.

Around imwe nguva kuita typology iyo inozivikanwa mutauro sezvo zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakatanga pachishandiswa munhu kwakajairika chaizvo zviratidzo, zvakanga akarambwa. dambudziko iri harina rokufungwa kusvikira pakati XX remakore, kana kushandisa kupatsanura idzva zvomumusoro Fridriha Shlegelya uye Wilhelm of Humboldt. Mhando Morphological mitauro - amorphous, agglutinative, anobva - pachena chete pakupedzisira. Ndizvo zvimwe kuwedzera uye kuramba kushandiswa nhasi.

Mhando Modern Languages

Modern zvemutauro anoshandisa zvinotevera kupatsanura:

1. zvivakamutauro zviri :

• Analytical;
• chakaita zvokugadzirwa.

2. morphological zvinhu:

• kuputira;
• mutauro agglutinative;
• inflectional kana fusional;
• incorporative.

Paradzai mhando mbiri idzi hazvifaniri, asi chaizvoizvo ari insulating mitauro anenge zvose uwirirane analytic. Kunyange zvakadaro, pano riri kuonekwa zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose. Uye Morphology hazvisi kunakidza.

agglutinative

Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kwete chete zvemutauro, asiwo, somuenzaniso, mune zvipenyu. Achitendeukira kuna Latin ndiro, saka kutaura, "mai" oruzhinji okuti, shanduro chaiyoiyo kuti kuridza se "chokuedza". Agglutinative mhando mutauro anoratidza kuti nokuumbwa lexical dzakabatana itsva inoitika kuburikidza achabatanidza kuti nechigadziko kana mudzi okuwedzera zvikamu (affixes): .. Suffixes, prefixes, etc. Zvakakosha kuti mumwe nomumwe formant anoenderana ukoshi imwe chete, iyo nyaya pane kushanda hapana anosiyiwa mu nemitemo declension uye conjugation. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ichi mhando mukuru uye zvishoma dzakabudirira ichienzaniswa anobva. Zvisinei, pane uchapupu uye pakatarisana nemaonero, saka nguva sezvo hapana chikonzero kufunga chinyakare mitauro agglutinative.

Mienzaniso yakasiyana: ari Finno-Ugric uye Turkic, Mongolian uye Korean, Japanese, yechiGeorgian, Indian uye dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica, uyewo akawanda hazvizivi adverbs (Esperanto, Ido) ndezvaJehovha boka iri.

Chiitiko pamusoro agglutination anogona kunzi muenzaniso mutauro Kyrgyz, ine chairema muduramanzwi, izvo zvinogona hwakatamisirwa Russian se "dostoruma". "Dos" - hwaro, izvo zvinoreva kuti "shamwari". Part of "torus" rinoreva muzvizhinji. "Pfungwa," unobereka chiratidzo Kuva munhu wokutanga, kureva kuti "changu". Pakupedzisira, "munhu" anoreva dative. Zvinoguma "shamwari yangu".

inflectional

In ichi boka formant munyaya risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi ingatakura akawanda zvivakamutauro zviri rakabatana. Saka, Somuenzaniso, kunoitika mumutauro weRussia.

Shoko "munyoro" ndiwo kupedza -th mubatanidzwa kurudyi zviratidzo dative, kureva uye rume. Aya anonzi formant inflections.

Setsika, kwakadai mitauro zvinosanganisira dzinenge zvose kugadzikana mitauro Indo-European: German, Russian, Latin uye oukuru uye Sami mapoka. Vanotsvakurudza vakaona zvinoitwa kurasikirwa inflections sezvo kutaura kukura. Somuenzaniso, Chirungu wokupedzisira uyewo kuva boka iri, uye zvino, chokwadi, anenge Analytical kuchengetedza zvisaririra shoma. Mumwe muenzaniso shanduko inogona kunzi Armenian, kwakakonzerwa yekudyidzana Caucasian adverbs uye kutendeukira muchikwata rakakodzera. Zvino mutauro agglutinative.

insulating

Nokuti ichi mhando kunoratidzwa kusavapo morphemes kutopedza. Risinganyatsozivikanwi kuti rakabva papi kunyanya kunoitika ne basa mashoko mitsetse yakaoma marongerwo uye kunyange intonation.

A muenzaniso wakakwana nokuda muchikwata ichi chinhu chekare Chinese mutauro umo zvachose hapana chinhu akadai declination wemigove kutaura uye zvirevanguva zvemazwi echiito. Kuratidza kana chiito kare, kana kuti zvichaitika mune remangwana, kushandiswa nguva uye mamiriro ezvinhu dzimwe nguva dzichipfekeka mashoko. Kutaura nenhumbi inoshandiswa nemarunda, uye kuronga nyaya - chaiwo inoramba. Muchiitiko chino, kunzwisisa zvakarurama zvinoreva zvirevo kunokwanisika kuburikidza zvakaoma neshoko murayiro. Mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchengetwa muna Vietnamese, Khmer, Lao.

Very pedyo ichi mhando uye Chirungu, yaenda zvinenge chose nezviratidzo inzwi.

nevanopinda

chikamu yerudzi rutsva ichi, haina dziri dzekare typology, ane zvakawanda zvakafanana ne agglutinative. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi zviviri mananara vari zvakafanana hunhu uye kazhinji kuwana pamwe chete. Asi zvemutauro chinosiyanisa navo, muchitenda kuti kana agglutination inobata chete shoko, kukumbanidzwa anogona kuonekwa yose pfungwa, kureva chikwata anogona kutaura yakaoma kutukana-chezita kunzwisisa.

zvakasiyana

Oga, kwakadai ari kungogara, vachisarudza havo kudana kana mumwe dudzirachiito Transitional siyana, kana vari vaviri zviratidzo inzwi, uye angava vamwe zvinhu semhosva ive mutauro agglutinative. Ichi Russian, Caucasian, Hamitic-oukuru, dzeChirungu dzaiva, North America nevamwe. Dzinowanzotanga chete vachinzi chakaita zvokugadzirwa, chaiyo ukuru inzwi.

Chero zvakanga, zvakaoma govera agglutinative, anobva, kuputira uye pakusanganisirawo mitauro zvayo sendarama chimiro. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, anenge muenzaniso ose kutakura duku zviri vamwe. Izvi zvakafanira zvose kuti shanduka, uye pamwe pedyo kusakarongeka mitauro munyika nhasi vakawanda zvikwereti uye Kuongororwa.

kwemitauro

Kwemakumi emakore, vaongorori dzinofungidzira chii mhando kufunga ano uye akaoma. Zvisinei, hapana chinokosha mberi mirayiridzo iyi haisati. Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri nedanho kukura mutauro kungachinja typology, dzimwe nguva kunyange kanoverengeka. Izvi zvakanga dzimwe nguva chikonzero kuti kupatsanura rizere anoda kusvika hafu yezana remakore.

Kunyange zvakadaro, nhamba iyi pachakwo zvemafaro chaizvo, uye zvemutauro ano inopa akawanda chokuita pfungwa:

• Convergent shanduka. Zvinofungirwa kuti mutauro mumwe anova vachiita nemitemo yayo, kuwana uye kurasikirwa zvakasiyana-siyana nawo inogona kunzi mhando dzakasiyana. In Fananidzo iyi masanga nevamwe adverbs kazhinji netsaona.
• Zononoka shanduka. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ose mutauro agglutinative pakupedzisira anotendeukira inzwi. Ipapo akarasika zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinonzi rinochinjwa kuva insulating mhando. Pashure paizvozvo mutauro zvakare mune fomu rimwe kana mumwe anodzokera agglutination.