Kunetsana Korean pamusoro 1950-1953:. chikonzero, nhoroondo. Chii ndiwo yeKorea kunetsana?

Nhasi munyika havasi vazhinji saka pamwero mukuru vemauto kurwisana, iro "De facto" uye haisati yapera, anoramba ari "inotonhora" danho. Muchikwata che kunze zvinoshanda asi kuti uto nokurwisana pakati USSR uye Japan, chibvumirano rugare urwo haisati chasainwa, uye Korean kunetsana. Hongu, muna 1953 mativi maviri akasaina "chibvumirano", asi vaviri Koreas iye vaitirane zvishomanana kushora. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika mbiri idzi dzichiri pahondo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muSoviet kupindira uye United States yakanga chikonzero chikuru nokuda kwehondo, asi zvakanga zvisina zvakawanda kudaro, nokuti womukati ezvinhu Peninsula panguva iyoyo yakanga isina chaizvo. Chokwadi kuti hazvizivi mutsauko yaiitwa nguva pfupi asati, chaizvoizvo sliced munyika hafu, uye rakanga kunyange kupfuura mamiriro muWestern uye Eastern Germany.

Chii vaiva Koreas maviri pamberi kunetsana?

Vakawanda vachiri kudavira kuti northerners pakarepo uye kutarisira vakarwisa southerners, kunyange hazvina kudaro. MuSouth Korea, panguva mitemo purezidhendi Li Syn Man. Iye refu aigara muUnited States, akataura kwazvo Chirungu, kunyange Korean rakapiwa kwaari yakaoma, pane imwe nguva, oddly zvakakwana, akanga asiri chidzoyi vokuAmerica, uye kunyange akazvidzwa pachena nokuda White House. Kuti izvi zvidaro, takava ose chikonzero: Lee Seung zvikuru zvinoguma pachake "mesiya" yose Korean vanhu zvisingadzorwi chaizvo kurwa uye nguva dzose akakumbira nerubatsiro tsamwisa zvombo. VokuAmerica kumubatsira arege kukurumidza, nekuti hauziri kuda kupinda tariro Korean kurwisana, iyo panguva iyoyo hapana chinobatsira havana kupa.

Kutsigira vanhu "Mesiya" havana kushandiswa. Left-bapiro mapato ari muhurumende vakanga vakasimba zvikuru. Saka, muna 1948 kwakamuka hondo yose hondo, uye Jeju Island kwenguva refu "kuparidza" mukomiyunisiti zvitendero. Izvi inodhura vageremo; anenge ose chechina akafa somugumisiro kwazvakarerekera. Oddly zvakakwana, asi ichi chakanga anenge zvisingazivikanwi Moscow kana Washington, asi zvechokwadi ainzwa mhosva kuti "commies mhosva" uye "marudzi". Kutaura zvazviri, zvose zvinoitika aiva womukati aidanana pakati vokuKorea pachavo.

Kushatiswa zvinhu

Mumazana 1949 mamiriro Paukomba vaviri Koreas akafanana zvikuru fronts the World War First, sezvo nyaya kokutambudza uye akazaruka vaimbopota kwakaitika zuva nezuva. Kusiyana mamiriro maonero "nyanzvi", kazhinji zviri basa atadza vaiva southerners. Ndokusaka kunyange kare Western vanobvuma kuti June 25, 1950 akapfuura yeKorea kunetsana vaitarisira rinopisa chokutambudzika.

On basa of North anofanirawo kutaura mashoko mashoma. Tose kuyeuka "helmsman guru", kureva, Kim Il Sung. Ndizvo chete panguva nezvebasa rake zvinorondedzerwa nesu haana zvikuru. Kazhinji, mamiriro ezvinhu wakafanana nowenyika USSR dzokuenzanisira 20-ies: ipapo Lenin aiva chinokosha mufananidzo, asi Bukharin, Trotsky nevamwe vatungamiriri uyewo yaiva uremu munzvimbo yezvematongetwo. Kuenzanisa Chokwadi, mafungu, asi kunzwisisa zvinowanzovapo zviri kuitika North Korea kwarinoita. Saka, nhoroondo Korean kurwisana ... Sei Union vakasarudza kutora basa chikamu mairi?

Nei Soviet Union akapindira muhondo?

VaKomonisiti rwokumusoro mabasa "Mesiya" akaita Pak Hon-Yong, gurukota Affairs Foreign uye, chaizvoizvo, wechipiri murume munyika uye Communist Party. Iye, panzira, yakatangwa pakarepo pashure kusunungurwa kubva Japan payakatora, ari kunozivikanwa Kim vaIri Sen achiri vaigara Soviet Union. Zvisinei, iye Pak ari 30 aifanirawo kurarama Soviet Union, uye kupfuura kuti - pane vane shamwari simba. Ichi chokwadi, uye chaiva chikonzero chikuru vvyazyvaniya nyika yedu muhondo.

Pak kwazvo nechokwadi utungamiriri USSR, kuti kana kurwiswa kweinenge zviuru 200 "vaKomonisiti Korean" kuti pakarepo tamirai muimba mutsindo tsamwisa ... uye mhosva chidzoyi utongi achawa pakarepo. Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti hakuna mugari wemo kuitika muSoviet Union munzvimbo idzodzo hadzina, saka, sarudzo dzose dzinenge dzaitwa pamashoko uye zvinofungwa Pak. Ichi - mumwe zvikuru zvikonzero nokuda izvo nhoroondo Korean kurwisana zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe munhoroondo nyika yedu.

Long zvinokwana Washington, Beijing uye Moscow vaifarira kwete kupindira kuitika zvakananga pana Kim Il Sung chaizvo vachiwana Beijing uye Moscow kumubatsira pamwe mushandirapamwe Seoul. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti September 24, 1949 The Ministry Kudzivirira ave zvinofungidzirwa yaida urongwa se "kusingagutsi", mune chii muchiuto zvizere Plenum pakati muCentral Committee of CPSU. Gwaro akataura pachena kuti "kukurumidza kukunda count zvakajeka kufanira, uye kunyange scrapping kurwisa havazokwanisi kudzivisa muhombe nezvinetso zvemari uye enyika." China Hamubvumirwi kunyange rakapinza uye zvakawanda kongiri. Asi agamuchirwa 1950 akatsvaka mvumo Pak. Saka akatanga kunetsana Korean ...

Chii chakaita Moscow kushandura sarudzo kwayo?

Zvingangodarowo kuti yakanaka kusarudza imwe kana mumwe uchiumba kwaita China idzva, yakazvimirira mamiriro. The Chinese aigona kubatsira vavakidzani Korean, asi vakanga dzizere nematambudziko avo pachavo, nyika yave chete chete akamisa yehondo. Saka kuti Soviet Union yakanga nyore kunyengetedza mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai ndechokuti "blitzkrieg" kubudirira zvachose.

Zviri ikozvino zvose kuziva kuti United States muzvinhu zvakawanda Penina kurwisana Korean. Zvikonzero ichi isuwo kunzwisisa, asi mumazuva iwayo zvakanga kusiri sezvo pachena. VokuKorea All vanoziva kuti vokuAmerica zvakasimba kusada Syngman Rhee. Vamwe Republicans mu Paramende, ainyatsoziva, asi Democrats, uyo akanga atova vairidza "gitare wokutanga", anonzi Lee Mwanakomana pachena "yekare penga nokuda kokuchembera."

In shoko, murume uyu akanga ari vomuAmerica inenge "sutukezi pasina mubato," riri zvakavaomera zvikuru hakumbofi, asi haumanikidzwi kupotsera. It zvange uye kukundwa of Kuomintang muna China: US akapotsa haana kuita chinhu kutsigirwa akazaruka Taiwanese radicals, uye chaizvoizvo vakanga apo uchida mamwe "geriatric". Saka mhedziso zvaiva nyore: havasi kupindira mune Korean kurwisana. Zvikonzero kubatanidzwa vachishingaira mairi havana kuva (zvokufungidzira).

Mukuwedzera, Korea panguva iyoyo akanga pamutemo vanobviswa pandandanda nyika vakaita pachavo kudzivirira vokuAmerica zvinoitirwawo kumwe kurwisa yavose rechitatu. Pakupedzisira, panyika map avo nguva zvakakwana pfungwa, umo "commies" inogona. West Berlin, Greece, Turkey uye Iran - deginamajai pfungwa, nzvimbo dzose idzi namabasa ane zvikuru ngozi US geopolitical zvinofarirwa zvaitika.

Chii chakaita Washington apindire

Zvinosuruvarisa, Soviet njere chakakanganisika, pasina kufunga, panguva iyo kwakange kusawirirana Korean. Truman aiva mutungamiri, uye akanga zvakakomba kwazvo "yechiKomonisiti kutyisidzira", uye chero nebudiriro USSR akaziva sezvo pauzima nokutuka. Aidavira mukudzidzisa containment, uyewo vari nekobiri haana kuisa simba uye chidzoyi yeUnited Nations. Mukuwedzera, muUnited States vakanga akadaro: enyika vanofanira vanachandagwinyira kudzivisa vakapiswa mbwende uye kwete kurasikirwa kutsigirwa nevanovhota.

Unogona kufungidzira refu sei, kuti dzinotsigira USSR northerners, dai maiziva pamusoro chaiye haitsigirwi nokuti "wokumaodzanyemba vaKomonisiti", uyewo zvakananga kupindira America. Pfungwa, izvozvo zvinogona kuitika saizvozvo, asi nekusiyana: Li Syn Man aigona deginamajai kuti "kupedza", ivo Yankees aizotuma nemakurukota ake uye mauto, ndokusiya kuti kumanikidzwa kupindira Union ... Asi nhoroondo haashiviriri zviri SUBJUNCTIVE kumunetsawo. Chii chakaitika, chakaitika.

Saka, sei kwakauya Korean kurwisana (1950-1953)? Zvikonzero zviri nyore: pane vaviri kuna Korea, North uye South. In nomumwe inotongwa munhu anofunga kuti ibasa rake nyika reunification. Mumwe - dzavo "zvombo": Soviet Union uye United States,, zvandisingadi iyo, nokuti chero zvikonzero kupindira. China vangafara kupindira uye richikura Holdings dzavo, asi simba uchiripo, uye uto haana chakaipa muhondo ruzivo. Kuti ndiwo yeKorea kurwisana ... Vatongi Korea anofanira kuita zvose zvaanogona kuti awane rubatsiro. Ivo kuzvigamuchira, zvokuti hondo kunotanga. All vatevere zvavanofarira.

Ayakaita?

Umo gore zvakaitika kukonana Korean? June 25, 1950 Juche mauto vakayambuka muganhu uye pakarepo akapinda chiito. Nemishonga kwazvo uori uye simba Confederate Army, ivo vaisatombozvinzwa. Mukati Seoul yakatorwa mazuva matatu, uye panguva iyoyo, kana Northerners akafamba nomumigwagwa, paredhiyo kukunda South "commies" vachimhanya uto yakatamira Pyongyang.

Mushure kubatwa pakati guru northerners vakatanga kumirira vimbiso Pak chimurenga. Ndizvo zvakanga zvisiri, asi nekuti zvaikosha kurwa nomwoyo wose, pamwe chete UN navarwi, vokuAmerica uye vakabatana navo. Hand akakurumidza chagamuchirwa CM gwaro "On pakagadzwa kurongeka uye makatodzinga atadza," mukuru akaisa General D. MacArthur. Mumiririri USSR nenguva iyo UN boycotted musangano nokuda kuvapo kwakanga Taiwan nhume, saka yakanga yakagadzirwa zvakanaka: kurambidza, hapana aigona kumanikidza. Ndiwo sei zvemukati vehurumende kunetsana kwakawedzera kuva dzakawanda (inosangana nhasi nguva dzose).

Kana Puck, uyo brewed kuvhiringa ichi uye, pashure ane "yemuna" kundikana, iye ake norukave vakarasikirwa simba zvose, zvino ari nyore zvachose. Pamutemo, mutsetse akadana aurayiwe "kushora nokuda United States," asi chokwadi iye chete apingirishwa Kim Il Sung uye utungamiriri Soviet, chubvu vave hondo isina kufanira. kunetsana Korean, musi iyo yava kuzivikanwa rose - asi mumwe chiyeuchidzo kuti kukanganiswa munyaya dzomunyika raChangamire inoti nezvisingabvumwi, kunyanya kana vakatevera zvido kumapati rechitatu.

Nezvatisina

Anozivikanwa kuzvidavirira kuPusan mukomberedzo: vokuAmerica uye Southerners vakanga kuenda pasi nokurohwa Pyongyang uye akasimbiswa zvakanaka rine miganhu. Training northerners akanga akanaka, vokuAmerica, vanoyeuka zvakanaka mukana T-34, kuti vakanga vakashonga nhumbi dzokurwa, havana chaizvo kurwa navo nekukurumidza kusiya chinzvimbo.

Asi General Walker vachishandisa oma matanho (akamhanya pemigero, achiratidza revarwi kushandiswa "bazookas") akakwanisa kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, uye northerners anongoti havana vakagadzirira hondo refu. Chikuru pamberi mutsetse unopedza zviwanikwa zvose Matangi yakaguma, kugoverwa mauto vakatanga kuva zvinetso zvakakomba. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuti kubhadhara mutero American vezvikepe: vakanga anoshamisa michina, zvokuti mubvunzo wesimba remhepo haana kumira.

Pakupedzisira, harisi chinonyanya kuoneka, asi zvikuru ane ruzivo strategist, Gen. Douglas MacArthur aifanira kuva chirongwa tasvika Inchon. Ndiyo yokumadokero muromo yeKorea Peninsula. Pfungwa, pfungwa kwaiva kupambadza chaizvo, asi MacArthur nokuda aikwanisa yake achiri vakasimbirira aronga. Zvakanga zvakafanana "pfungwa" kuti dzimwe nguva zvakashanda.

On September 15, vokuAmerica vakakwanisa kunyika uye pashure dzinotyisa kurwa vakakwanisa torazve Seoul vhiki mbiri. Apa ndipo panotangira Danho rechipiri hondo. Pakazosvika October, ivo northerners zvachose akasiya mundima southerners. Vakasarudza kuti kurasikirwa mukana: 15 October vakanga vatova Inoziva hafu ndima yomuvengi, iyo hondo anongoti aneta.

The Chinese vapinda kutamba

Asi zvino akadambura kushivirira China: muAmerica dzavo "madzoro" akayambuka yechi38 yakafanana, uye raiva rakananga pangozi Chinese changamire. Kuti ape mbune ayo nemiganhu US? Izvi zvakanga sanzwisisika. Chinese "zvidzidzo duku" General Pen Dehuaya akaenda kuhondo.

Ivo vakaramba akanyevera nezvomukana zvavo kupindura, asi MacArthur haana vakaitei ratidziro kucherechedza. Pakazosvika nguva iye kuteerera pachena mirairo management, sezvakanga fancied pachake ane mhando "muchinda." Somuenzaniso, Taiwan akamanikidzwa kutora maererano dzakati kuti misangano vakuru vehurumende. Pakupedzisira, iye akaramba akati kuita "nokuuraya kukuru," Chinese, kana ivo "angatsunga kupindira." Kwakadaro nokutuka China Aisagona kudhonza. Saka kana paiva tichinetsana Korean pamwe Chinese?

October 19, 1950 "Volunteer Connection" akaenda Korea. Sezvo MacArthur kumbofungidzira chinhu chakadai, kuti October 25 Ivo zvachose vasunungurwa nyika northerners uye akashinga kuramba UN mauto uye vokuAmerica. Saka vakatanga wechitatu pavaipfuura ruvengo. On zvimwe zvikamu pamberi mauto eUN nyore vatiza, uye kumwe mugumo usati vakarwira nzvimbo dzavo, kuenda zvishoma nezvishoma. January 4, 1951 yaiva zvakare vakabatikana Seoul. Korean kurwisana 1950-1953 vakaramba vawane tichimhanya.

Nezvatisina

Pakazopera mwedzi iwoyo kurwisa nemhuru kamwe zvakare. Pakazosvika nguva General Walker akaurayiwa, iye akatsiviwa Ridgway. Akatanga kushandisa nzira kuti "mukuyi": vokuAmerica vakatanga kuti ngadzirambe dziri wechuru dzakakwirira uye nyore akamirira kusvikira Chinese kutora nzvimbo. Pazvaiitika, iri kosi akabvumira MLRS uye ndege, ichipfuta vakabatikana northerners chinzvimbo.

A nhamba mikuru kubudirira akabvumira vokuAmerica kutanga pakaunda-kurwisa uye kechipiri kuti torazve Seoul. By 11 April D. MacArthur akabviswa sezvo mukuru ari mukuru nokuda Kunyanya renyukireya kubhombiwa. It chikatsiviwa ichangobva kutaurwa Ridgway. Zvisinei, pakazosvika nguva "fiyuzi" dzakaguma, uye mauto UN: havana kuita dzokororo kufora pamusoro Pyongyang, uye northerners kare kumisa nerubatsiro maoko uye muchidzikamiswa mberi mutsetse. War vakatodzidza positional hunhu. Asi Korean kurwa kwakanaka 1950-1953. I mberi.

Pakupera muchiuto chiito

Zvakava pachena kuti hapana mumwe nzira dzekugadzirisa kurwisana, kuwedzera runyararo chibvumirano, hapana. Musi waJune 23, USSR akadana kuti zvipere-moto pamusangano weUN. November 27, 1951 akabvuma kumisa dzinza demarcation uye kupanana vasungwa, asi zvino akapindira Li Syn Man, uyo waitsigira zvakasimba kuenderera hondo zvakare.

Iye akashandisa kusawirirana yomuka munhau kupanana vasungwa. It dzinosiyana maererano nenheyo "zvose" Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu. Asi pano vari kuomerwa: chokwadi kuti mapato ose ari kurwa (North, South, uye China) akaita vakashandisa chaizvo kumanikidzwa kupinda muchiuto, uye varwi anongoti havadi kurwa. Kanenge hafu vasungwa zvose nyore vakaramba kudzokera "nzvimbo yokugara."

Mwanakomana woMunhu akapotsa akadambura nhaurirano muitiro, kungotaura achirayira kusunungurwa zvose "refuseniks". Kazhinji, panguva yaakanga saka zvokudya pamwe vokuAmerica kuti deginamajai akanga vatombotanga kuronga mabasa ayo rokubviswa pasimba. Kazhinji, yeKorea kurwisana (1950-1953), vachitaura zvishoma, ndiye muenzaniso sei hurumende iri sabotaging rugare hurukuro yake zvido vakakwana.

July 27, 1953 vamiririri DPRK, AKND uye UN mauto (vamiririri South Korea kuti asaine gwaro akaramba), akasaina ceasefire chibvumirano, maererano izvo demarcation mutsetse pakati North uye South Korea akanga chigadzirirwe pamusoro yechi38 yakafanana, uye kumativi ose akapoteredza It akaumba mukomberedzo makubhiti 4 km. Nokuti paiva nokurwa Korean (1950-1953), pfupiso zvamunoona pamusoro mapeji mapepa ichi.

Mugumisiro hondo - anopfuura 80% of zvachose redzimba kugutsikana muKorea raparadzwa, abudiswe chiito nokuda anopfuura 70% okuwana zvose. About kurasikirwa chaihwo huchiri kuzivikanwa, kubva neimwe mapato overestimates uwandu vavengi akafa kwazvo uye kuderedza marwadzo avo. Pasinei neizvi, zviri pachena kuti mukakavadzane Korea - imwe kunokonzera kuteurwa kweropa rakawanda hondo munhoroondo achangopfuura. mapato ose ari kushorwa vanobvuma kuti ichi rirege kudzokororwa.