Cotton chimurenga. Zvinokonzera, Chokwadi, zvabuda

The remakore nemanomwe mudzimai nesayenzi nhoroondo inonzi "buntashnogo", uye yakanaka chikonzero: splashes mavara ne zviitiko panguva dzose nemanomwe remakore, uye akazarura nguva ino inotambudza nokuda nyika rokumukira Cotton.

Brief pakanyorwa yemuna

Kunze XVI-XVII emakore akava simba muedzo Russia, hurumende dzimwe nguva yakanga yava kuda kurasikirwa uchangamire. Kudhumhana kuti zvinodiwa evanhu mapoka kuti zvinzvimbo zvakasiyana munzanga, kusvika pakuparadzwa rwechisikirwo pamusoro mumwe. Nokuti evasingatombonamati socio-kwezvikonzero zvemari, zvakadai nokukurumidza Kusagutsikana baseman anofanira kunzi kune zvematongerwo ezvinhu Russia. Most ichangopfuura akafa ane utsinye uye utsinye autocrat Ivan Grozny, oprichnina mutemo kuti hunokonzera patainzwa kutsutsumwa zvose strata vemo. The rufu wamambo, rumwe rutivi, akakonzera akatura befu, uye nemumwe - vakawira nyika kupinda emakore ari Nguva Troubles. Chokwadi chokuti vana Ivan IV haana kusiyana utano (akadaro aiva Fyodor Ivanovich, uyo akafa nguva pfupi pashure baba vake). Wokupedzisira yasara scion worudzii kamwe simba Rurik aiva muduku, uye saka aisagona ushe, uyezve, akaurayiwa pasi tsarukano. Pano mune zvematongerwo anotombozivikanwawo anoenda vanokudzwa boyar mhuri Godunov, vakatora cheushe, kukakavadzana ake chiito ukama namambo wokupedzisira.

The zvinokonzera kwokumukira

Zvisinei, mambo mutsva zvikuru rombo rakaipa. Chokwadi, zvakawanda zvakaitika mumakore rekutonga Boris vepakutanga aiva migumisiro yapfuura ushe. Zvishoma nezvishoma mumwe mukuru mumwe uye akaita isina kumboitika vosimba dzakakurumbira hasha. Mumwe kuratidzwa kwayo kwaiva yemuna nedonje. The zvinokonzera chiitiko ichi akarara mutemo pakudzvinyirirwa uye mberi uranda vanhuwo zvavo. Vazhinji vavo unopukunyuka matunhu enyika Varidzi, nokudaro vachiwedzera chitsama pemitongo chavagari akadirana achienda kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kunyika. Mumwe wokutanga zvakajeka chiratidzo kuti hurumende itsva inogona kunzi sezvo 1602, apo pamwero mukuru akapakatira kwakaguma nokurasikirwa kudzora dzimwe ndima. Ndaifanira kutumira chikwata yemauto kudzvinyirira kwavo. Muna 1602-1603 gg. somugumisiro mangwanani frosts vakauya nzara, urombo uye chamuita kuti kwakapararira banditry. Mukupera Muzhizha 1603 Akaputsa rimwe bongozozo kupfuura rechitatu XVII remakore rokutanga, akagamuchira munhoroondo zita yemuna donje.

Weboka yemuna

Zvakakwana mitezo vane chinokosha mugwagwa unobva nechepakati uye kumadokero kwenyika - Smolensk mugwagwa. Pano akaita mauto pasi murayiro akanga atiza serfs Cotton Kosolap. Zviremera pakutanga havana batanidza zvikuru kukosha, yakazoona chikanganiso chavo. Against vapanduki vaifanira kushandisa muhombe rehondo, varayirwa Boris Godunov vanosangana "abudiswa nokuteerera kuudza vanhuwo zvavo 'akatumwa kuna Moscow hondo pakati musketeers uchitungamirirwa okolnichy KANA Basmanova. The mukumukira inotungamirwa Cotton anofukidza ndima yose itsva inoshamisa kuti havana kuisa mberi enyika uye zvoupfumi zvinodiwa, asi nemaune uye utsinye zvikuru zvinobatanidzwa misi kuba uye ugororo. gavhuna roumambo zvaiva muhondo nezvaanogona varanda akanga atiza uye mutungamiri wavo kuzvidza, nokuti izvo akabhadhara nokukurumidza. Kurwa kwakaitika, wakanga refu uye anotyisa, Basmanov akanga vakakuvadzwa zvokufa.

migumisiro yokupandukira

Pakafa mukuru wamambo mauto yokurwisana haana kurega, uye yakavapo nesimba rakawedzerwa. The kosi hondo kupfuura kamwe anomanikidzwa shure uta. Zvisinei, muhondo kurovedza uye midziyo vaiva basa, pakazopera zuva vapanduki vakanga vasingachakwanisi kudzivisa kumanikidzwa vehurumende vakatanga mumusiye, asi vasinganyatsozivi nzira nemauto, vakazarura shure kwavo, uye ichi vakabatsirwa vavengi vavo. Yakatanga zvachose kuparadzwa vapanduki; kunyange varanda avo, uyo hadzipiwi nemishonga, uye akanga atora musungwa, akanga nokukurumidza akaurayiwa pasina kutongwa. Pachake mutungamiriri kupandukira, akakuvadzwa zvakakomba uye vakaendeswa varwi vamambo akabatwa. dambudziko rake rakange rakanamwa. MuMoscow, Cotton akaurayiwa.

Akatangira Civil War?

Cotton kumukira muna 1603 kwakaratidza kupokanidzana vakakunda muchiRussia munzanga yacho. Kunyange rakaropafadzwa rutivi kwakanga kusina unanimity nezveramangwana renyika. Vazhinji vanokudzwa pemisara uye hurumende basa kutsutsa vaipikisa mambo mutsva, achifunga kwaari akabvuta chigaro uye mhondi Dmitriya Uglichskogo. Kusiyana kwakadaro vaisagona kukanganisa chinzvimbo uye faira, nokuti conductors Gundamusaira panguva iyoyo vaiva boyars uye vanokudzwa, uye kushaya kubatana pakati pavo uye zvinounza upenyu-siyana evanhu nenyonganyonga. Vatsvakurudzi vazhinji vanotenda Nguva Troubles, hondo yevagari yokutanga, dzichishandisa chokwadi kuti zviitiko izvi kusvika pamwero kutora chikamu ose strata yose ipapo Russian muvanhu. A mhando piyona zvebhizimisi ichi chaiva kwebope donje, izvo asati akatevedzana ropa mabasa.