Chii chirefu kupfuura chivako New York City?

Pari, kukura kwebasa rokuvaka zvechokwadi mikuru. Zvivako Modern munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika dzakasiyana-siyana maumbirwo, makuriro, uye kubhururuka nokuzvikomo zvikuru, chaizvoizvo kunyura kumakore. Asi chokutanga munyika mukuru-Simukai chivakwa kurudyi ndiye New York. Iri ndiro guta inonakidza chaizvo, rwendo rinogona zvakachengeteka kunzi kwakakwana pasina vachishanyira kanenge imwe kuona papuratifomu. Zvivako zhinji akareba mu New York vane chinokosha kuona platforms iri okumusoro mapuriro kana zvakananga padenga. Zviri pachena kuti zvivako izvi mukare pfungwa guta nemakapoteredza. Chii chirefu kupfuura chivako New York City? Izvi uchadzidza nokuverenga nyaya. Photos of Paaidzidzisa zvakagadzirwa iripo.

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New York ndeimwe yenzvimbo ine maguta US. Asi refu asati kugamuchira zita iri pano akatanga rudzi nokuda kuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Kwechinguva guta rikanyarara kuitawo munhangemutange iyi kujairika, iro chokuita nedambudziko September 11, 2001, apo magandanga zvivako chirefu kupfuura vakaparadzwa muNew York - mapatya shongwe World Trade Center. Chero nguva refu-kuwedzera kuvaka rakaguma, uye womuchindwe vakatendeukira Arab kunyika uye China. Nhasi zvinhu zviri kuchinja nenzira yakanaka: a nhurikidzwa dzakawanda shoma dzakavakwa pashure 2014, guta akavaka chikuru chokugara mukuru-simukai kuvaka munyika. Kazhinji, dzimba pamatunhu inogarwa zvitoro, hotels, mahofisi uye zvakafanana masangano.

Saka, nhoroondo kuvakwa kwezvivako vakareba muNew York City kunotanga 1890, apo rapera pakuvaka 106-mita "New York Worley Building". Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ichi hachisi skyscraper yokutanga muguta, asi akanga iye uyo akapfuura kukwirira Church yoUtatu, ane spire rinosvika 87 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Kwenguva refu, "World Billing" yakaramba chirefu kupfuura chivako muguta. Chete muna 1899 pakava yepamusoro chakagadzirwa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti panguva ino mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa havapo, nekuti muna 1955 zvakanzi yakaparadzwa kuwedzera tinosvika kuna Brooklyn Bridge.

Pashure paizvozvo, pamatunhu-simuka kuvaka tiguu, uye kwokutanga zvikuru kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo pasi pose. Sezvo 1980 pano 11 zvivako chirefu kupfuura munyika yakavakwa. Kubva muna 1910 kusvika 1930, "akawedzera" 16 nhurikidzwa dzakawanda, vose 82 zvivakwa kubva 1890 uye kuti zuva iri rakanga rakavakwa. "Empire State Billing", "TrampBilding", "Vulvor Building" uye "Building Krayser" akazviratidza panguva iyi. Mumwe nomumwe zvivako izvi kwechinguva akabata musoro soro munyika. Chokutanga izvi raiva achitungamirira kwemakore anenge makore 40.

Chirefu kupfuura chivako muguta

The sefungu kuvakwa rechipiri yakatanga muna 1960 .. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, yakanga yakavakwa anenge 70 zvivako kupfuura 183 metres. Chii chirefu kupfuura chivako New York City? World Trade Center, imwe shongwe ava. North Tower yakanga yakareba kupfuura mimwe yose kubva 1972 kusvika 1973, uye muguta - kusvikira 2001. Zvivako All matanhatu yakakurumbira World Trade Center vakaparadzwa magandanga muna 2001.

Sei inonzi chirefu kupfuura chivako New York City? Parizvino pakutanga panzvimbo yakakwirira vakamira World Trade Center 1, yakavakwa pamusoro munharaunda zvinoparadzwa zvitoro centre. Kukwirira chirefu kupfuura chivako New York yakanga 541 metres. It haachatauri "Willis Tower" kubvira pakutanga. The World Trade Center 1 ndiro yechitanhatu chirefu kupfuura chivako munyika, uye chirefu kupfuura chemahofisi munyika uye chikuru muna Western Hemisphere. The chikuru chivakwa rutsva Shopping Centre inonzi Freedom Tower, nokudaro achisimbisa kuti US vanhu havana akakotamisa musoro wake kuti kutyisidzira kwougandanga. Construction rakapera May 10, 2013 kugadzwa spire 124 metres refu uye achirema matani 758. Mapuriro mu chirefu kupfuura chivako New York City Vangani? Floor 104 rine Tower.

Pashure njodzi kwakaitika 2001, US hurumende kwenguva refu kugona kusarudza zvokuita pamwe parakapera nzvimbo. Kudivi rimwe, zvaiva pachena kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuvaka skyscraper itsva, uye pamusoro mumwe, aifanira immortalize kuyeuka vakaurayiwa uye kuratidza nyika kuti United States haapi kunyange pashure rinorema zvibhakera zvakadaro. Pakutanga munotinyima makwikwi pamusoro pokumuka shama nzvimbo rave richiziviswa, asi ruzhinji mabasa kunge vachinzwisisa zvakaipa nokuda vomunzvimbo. Ipapo mumakwikwi pachena, uye akakunda Daniel Libeskind. Zvisinei, kunyange pashure tendero yake chirongwa mapurani ndaiva mamwe makore mana kunatsiridza chikuru skyscraper yayo, kuti shoma dzaizara sezvazvaiva pakutanga. Zvakanzi zvekare kufungwa zvinodiwa Hurumende kuti magadzirirwo sezvo yakachengeteka sezvinobvira. Pari zvakaoma the World Trade Center (chirefu kupfuura chivako New York, 2016) rine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda mashanu zvakasiyana mashandiro, chiyeuchidzo pakuyeuka vakawirwa nenjodzi, uyewo Art Gallery. Asi kwete ndizvozvo zvose! Pasi chaizvo chirefu kupfuura chivako New York, Freedom Tower, yakanga zvakasikwa chinokosha anotamisa kuchiteshi uye mapazi mukuru-nokukurumidza njanji, hunoita kuti vauye uye uende kubva World Trade Center 1 kumativi ose eguta.

nzvimbo yechipiri

nzvimbo wechipiri chepamusoro yedu "The chirefu kupfuura chivako New York" (mapikicha akapa dzako munyaya) zvinoda 432 Park Avenue. The skyscraper ane kukwirira 426 metres, kunyange zvazvo pakutanga racho kuva makubhiti 396 chete. Nokuti pakurigadzira zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti vaparadze hotera Drake Hotel, kutenga izvo nomutengo yokuvaka mamiriyoni 440. Vose kuvakwa mutengo yasvika $ 1.25 billion. Pari, ndiyo imwe chinokosha nzvimbo kuti kugarwa muNew York. Uyezve, chivako ichi chirefu kupfuura dzinogarwa mukuru-simukai mamiriro munyika. Mune US, izvozvo pokutanga 3rd kureba, munyika - 19th nzvimbo.

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti pedenga Freedom Tower pa 9.8 metres pazasi, asi nzvimbo yokutanga yakapiwa kwaari refu spire. Chivako ane rakasiyana design - iri yakachena geometric chimiro, kureva mativi kana ukatarira kumusoro. Chivako ane 85 uriri, mumwe nharaunda - 368 akaenzana mamita. Mumwe divi rimwe skyscraper ane mahwindo matanhatu. Muridzi ichi zvikuru pakuvaka uye chikamu-nguva yokuvaka vanodada ayo mamiriro, uye unoritumidza chiratidzo mutsva New York City, asi vazhinji rinozivikanwa ezvivako uye vanhu vanokosha munyika vanoti 432 Park Avenue kunongova "mutete mbiru."

Mari dzokugara chepamusoro chivako New York, kubva miriyoni shoma mishoma emamiriyoni emadhora. Penthouse kuvaka rechipiri chirefu kupfuura muNew York chakatengwa for $ mamiriyoni 95 nokuda Saudi billionaire. Kuwedzera 104 Apartments, imba ichava gym centre, resitorendi, sauna, pool, gorofu Zvechokwadi, uye zvimwe zvose zvaari rakabudirira upenyu.

nzvimbo yechitatu

Zvinonzi semhosva "chivakwa chirefu kupfuura mu New York" uye Empire State Building, riri pamusoro pachitsuwa Manhattan. Ko chemahofisi. Urefu - 381 metres, yakavakwa muna 1931. Chirefu kupfuura chemahofisi mu New York ane 103 uriri. Musoro munyika chirefu kupfuura huripo kuti Empire State Building kubvira 1931 kusvika 1970-vakasuwa riri rudzi chinyorwa. Umusiye ari skyscraper aigona kuchamhembe wezvokutengeserana centre shongwe. Pashure pokuparadzwa kwaro muna skyscraper akadzoka yakareba kupfuura mimwe New York, asi kwete kwenguva refu.

Chivako wacho mapurani zvinoreva uri deco, muna 2007 vakagamuchira zita yakanakisisa mapurani mhinduro iri US, uye muna 1986 waibatanidzwa ndandanda National Monuments chenhau kukosha nyika. Chivako pari pokutanga chechina soro munyika uye 22 - munyika.

Nhasi, hofisi centre iri reconstructed kuti zvikuru zvakatipoteredza noushamwari. Mari mabasa ose vanofungidzirwa pa $ mamiriyoni 550.

The Empire State Billing ane zvivako zvinoverengeka akasiyana. Heino meruvanze kujairika Guinness, imba 30 metres urefu uye kukwirira uriri matatu, zvakazara machena ukomba uye yakashongedzwa nemifananidzo 7 nezvishamiso munyika. Sezvineiwo, hofisi centre akadana wechisere nechishamiso wenyika.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, pamusoro pedzimba 102 uye flats 86 vari kuoneka kuona platforms, kuti unogona kukwira amusimudze chete kweminiti imwe.

Bank of America Tower

Bank of America Tower ane mumhu 366 metres uye mamiriro wechina chirefu kupfuura chivako muguta. Panguva basa kukura, chikuru nehanya nezvakatipoteredza uye STRUCTURAL kunyatsoshanda. All zvinhu zvakagadzirwa pfungwa kupfuura vakarongeka kushandisa zviwanikwa. Somuenzaniso, mahwindo kaviri glazed muchivako zvishomanana rishandise chezuva, asi panguva imwe chete kupa zvakakodzera chechetere okuvhenekesa. Mukuwedzera, vane yakaderera emissivity, izvo zvinogona yekudyidzana tichengetedze kudziyisa skyscraper. Uyezve, pano pane hurongwa iyo anounganidza uye filters ari vasanaiwa nemvura. Mhepo kuti anopinda pakuvaka uye kubva, pasi chinokosha mupise. Paivakwa neshongwe raishandiswa kufadza uwandu zvishandiswezve zvinhu.

Usiku, pano pane kuunganidza chando, rinoshandiswa kuchitonhora chivako mangwanani uye masikati. Kunyange urinals zvakarongwa kuitira kuti hakurevi kushandisa mvura. Vanokwanisa kuponesa kusvika mamiriyoni 30 litres emvura pagore uye kuderedza kabhoni dioxide. Chivako ine yayo magetsi jenareta kuti anokwanisa kupa zvinodikanwa kuvaka, saka vakakwanisa kuderedza mari kuendesa simba kuti chimiro, izvo kwese kuti chakagadzirwa simba zvitengeswa.

Chivako ane 55 uriri. Ko wekutanga munyika, iyo vakagamuchira Platinum advertising kuti simba Kushanda uye kuvakwa zvakatipoteredza ushamwari.

World Trade Center-3

Chimwe chivako, izvo zvichaita mukwanisi iri Ensemble zvitsva World Trade Center muUnited States. Kuvakwa chivako chakatanga muna 2010, nokutumwa iri kutarisirwa muna 2018. Maererano yepakutanga basa, kuchava 80 uriri, kureba kwezvivako achafanira kusvika 378 metres. Chivako achava hofisi hunhu. Construction rinoitwa maererano nemitemo ndarama ikoroji uye simba kunyatsoshanda. chivakwa yepakutanga, iyo yakavakirwa nzvimbo iripo munhu akakuvara pashure plane magandanga yakadonha kunyika World Trade Center shongwe. kumhara giya dzadonha akawira chivakwa, kunokuvadza okumusoro uriri, asi mukurusa kukuvadza kwayo akagamuchira panguva kuparara. Panguva kwokuputsika pahotera, paiva nevanhu vanenge 1,000. Vashoma sanganisika vaiva chete kudzika matatu uriri.

Chrysler Building

Mumwe zviratidzo reguta, iro anekodzero yokuva chirefu kupfuura chivako New York, vakawanda chaizvo, mumwe wavo. It ndera dzesangano "Chrysler". It yakavakwa 1930 uye ane mumhu 320 metres. About 11 months pashure kuvakwa kwakaitika rokutanga mazita zvepamusoro munyika. Parizvino kutengeswa kune varidzi itsva.

Interesting ndiyo nhoroondo yaro kuvakwa. Basa paakatumwa aichimbova Seneta, uyo akafirwa musoro kuguma basa pamberi. Ipapo basa akatengeswa kuti dzesangano "Chrysler". The mapurani echivako chacho ndiro Kreg Severans. Pakuvaka zvivako aitungamirirwa kuti zvokubata aimbova chikwata-mudzimai, uye pashure kuchitsigira muvengi Van Ellena. Kuti vabudirire chinangwa kuvaka chete tsoka shoma rakawedzerwa, kurova makwikwi. Pane imwe nguva, chinangwa akanga kubudirira, asi Van Allen mvumo yokugadza pamusoro skyscraper wako spire kukwirira 38 mamita. Pasina kushambadza, akapedza vachishanda uye akasimuka kugutsikana yakati kubva chokwadi kuti ndaigona ndichiri kuwana kumativi aimbova shamwari. Zvisinei, mufaro waiva pfupi somukwikwidzi, nekuti pashure 11 mwedzi Empire State Building yakavhurwa, iro "hwasvika" zvivako zviviri.

Kana afunge chivako yaishandiswa uri deco Style, asi zhinji zvinhu nezvapupu akadana vachishamiswa. Saka, yokumusoro chikamu nemamiriro stylized yemotokari Hoods motokari, "Chrysler" panguva iyoyo, mukuwedzera, pane zvemaoresa ari muchimiro ichikwira rinobururuka. Kwenguva refu murongedzeri uye kuvaka varidzi vakashorwa nokuda frivolity, asi ikozvino Chrysler Building anonzi muenzaniso wakakwana yaitonga 20-ies wekupedzisira remakore, uye kuvaka iri zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Manhattan akanaka." Muna 2005, vanhu nhurikidzwa dzakawanda Museum paakavapa iye musoro anodiwa zvikuru mapurani zvinogadzirisa muna US, zita iri rwaiwanikwa pashure polling kupfuura chiuru vanhu munyika chokuita mapurani uye kuvakwa.

On yokumusoro pauriri apo kuona pachikuva raiva, uye gare gare yakanga dzikwanise kuresitorendi.

The New York Times Building

Kuvaka 52 Mapuriro yakavakwa muna 2007. Urefu kupiwa kanyanga iri 319 metres, izvo anoisa New York Times bildin kunzvimbo rechitanhatu pamwe Chrysler Building. Chivako hunopiwa zvinodiwa pepanhau uye yakavakwa sezvakarayirwa bhuku varidzi. Italian mugadziri adzidza mapurani, mukati magadzirirwo yakazokudziridzwa neAmerican Office, uye basa chiedza usiku akanga achiparidza mune mumwe kambani. Nokudaro, chinhu chinogumbura mupenyu mugumisiro chinozikamwa mapurani yemakambani akawanda.

Paivakwa akashandisa simba-nyatsoshanda zvinhu. Saka, mahwindo inokosha rwezvinhu zvimwe chezuva uye haibvumiri chivako kuti vakuchidzire. En anoshumira simba chirimwa Zvivako 40%, kupisa nounzenza panguva kushanda inoendeswa kudziyisa uriri.

kuona platforms

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, rwendo kuenda guru guta muUnited States yaizova kukwana kana musingadi kushanyira chirefu kupfuura chivako New York nezvakataurwa uriri, iyo inopa munhu kwazvo maonero guru. Nokuti zvinofadza zvikuru Panorama inovhura kubva Rockefeller Center uye Empire State Building nguva refu.

Achikwira dzokuonera platforms zvinogona pamusoro vachasimudza, unofanira kutanga kuenda kuburikidza dzakawanda kuchengeteka mbiru uye simbi michina, asi kana zvose rakasimba, vashanyi vari nzvimbo, iyo panguva 360 madhigirii anopa Panorama hunoshamisa. Yandakapiwa dzokuonera platforms iri kumusoro zvivakwa, hapana ichivharira kwako maonero, uye kana mamiriro ekunze anosiya, unogona kuona yose New York nzira zvinooneka shiri.

Chinhu chokutanga anobata ziso rako - ndicho mvura shongwe. Chinenge ose Chivako muguta vakapakata neshongwe yaro, iyo inopa nemvura. Uyezve, vamwe pamatenga zvinogona kuonekwa vakarambana mapindu, uriri chair kuti sunbathing uye zvikuru inogarwa penyika. Mumwe akashandisa denga rekuisa zvaunoda, kukura hangaiwa kana dzimwe mhuka, uye navo dzimwe nguva kwete chete. Zvinozivikanwa kuti pane zvimwe pamatenga vave vakagadzirira pamwe zvikuru chaiko nyuchi papurazi dzimba nyuchi.

Kunze pamatenga inogarwa, unogona kuona kunakidza nzvimbo yeguta uye nezvakapoteredza - mabhiriji mhiri Hudson, akavaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda Average Manhattan Stuyvesant Town - imwe nzvimbo kujairika dzimba chinoshamisa mapurani, iyo yakura mumakore 1940 uye mhiri Hudson River, unogona kuona Satellite mutaundi Jersey. Uyezve, rakaisvonaka maonero wokutanga chaizvo skyscraper mu New York - Flatiron Building kukwirira 82 metres, iyo yakavakwa 1902.

Interesting nezvendima zvikuru Empire State Building ndechokuti muna 1945 akarova US Air Force bhomba, asi haana kukonzera chero kukuvadza, uye zuva rakatevera racho rokuvaka kuzodzosera akazarurirwa veruzhinji.

The akataura uriri pa Rockefeller Center uyewo akadada maonero zvikuru, uye zvinokosha kushanyirwa sezvo usiku nemasikati. Chinonyanya kunakidza pano zvikuru maonero Central Park. Kune nzvimbo dzinoverengeka ichi chivako - zvachose akazaruka uye glazed. Rockefeller tsenr rakavakwa munzvimbo 30s remakore rapfuura uye riri pedyo napedyo mumwe 30 mukuru-vosimba guta. Mukuwedzera, yakakurumbira mufananidzo "Lunch pamusoro skyscraper," izvo rinoburitsa vashandi agere pamusoro danda riri kwakakura pakakwirira, rakaitirwa pakuvaka mukuru-kuwedzera zvivako - muna 1932.

Yokutanga mukuru-kuwedzera Manhattan

The skyscraper wokutanga Manhattan ane, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, munhu chepakutanga chaizvo chakagadzirwa. The mamiriro akanga akaita muchimiro simbi, uye kana ndikacherekedza kunoparirwa kubva pamusoro, tinogona kuona netriangle. Kwete mukana chivako chainzi Flatiron Building, iro rinogona kushandurudzwa se "simbi".

Skyscraper iri panguva mharadzano migwagwa matatu - Broadway, Fifth Avenue uye yechi23 Street. Chivako Kukwirira 82 metres rakapera muna 1902. Kuwedzera rakasiyana chimiro, ari skyscraper ane mumwezve monyorora: aiva wokutanga, kuvakwa yaiva dzakabatanidzwa kuva pre-akaisa furemu nesimbi matanda.

Chivako ichi ane chimiro dzekare Mbiru ane akasiyana chawo (shanu mapuriro vokutanga), akajeka Upfu uye yokumusoro chikamu, muna Maumbirwe chishongo. The musiki ichi chivako refu vakanakidzwa zita rake rokuti vana: Fuller Building akakurumidza zita "Iron".

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti nemhaka yokukosha chimiro uye yeimwe migwagwa pedyo chivakwa nenguva rinowanika ane mhepo chokubuda achikwira. Akapiwa rinokosha zita - 23 skidoo. Vachiri kutaura pamusoro kuti dzimwe nguva inotevera chivako kunogona kuonekwa nevarume kufinhikana avo vanotarisira kuti chokubuda ichi vova zvokupfeka kana kunyenyeredza unopfuura vakadzi.

Kuwedzera pane zviri pamusoro apa, chivako inozivikanwa nokuva akanzwa kuti vemungano taundi Liberty City kubva mutambo wenyika GTA4, asi achiri kumativi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, unogona kuona mufananidzo akashama murume akaita renguva pakureba.