Toyotomi Hideyoshi: mapikicha, Biography, akatorwa, mabasa

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - vakakurumbira zvechiuto uye enyika mutungamiri Ages Japan, uyo aikwanisa kufamba pakati miduku yokuruwa kusvikira kumusoro hierarchical hurongwa. kuchinja ake zvaiva hwaro Japanese ehurumende mano uye kumbochinja zvachose zviripo kwemakore 300. Toyotomi zita iri yakafukidzwa chakavanzika uye ngano, zviri kusvikira pamwero chiratidzo Japan ano.

Birth uye vechidiki

Toyotomi Hideyoshi akaberekwa ari February 2, 1536, kana March 26, 1537, iyo unoenderana rechishanu kana rechitanhatu gore Tenbun, musi chaiwo achiri kuzivikanwa. yokwaakazvarirwa raiva mumusha Nakamura duku Owari province. Akanga mumhuri murimi mudiki, uye kana ndaiva zvisingatomboiti mbudzana, wozoenda kwaari mumunda kuguma mazuva ake asati. Zvisinei, Hideyoshi akanga asiri munhu nyore, uye akakwanisa kuratidza kuti munhu wose, kusanganisira mambo. Kunyange zvazvo, zvichida, akanga asiri murimi mudiki, sezvo mamwe matsime vanoti ake Samurai mavambo, uye vakawanda rukoko "vatema" - ashigaru infantrymen. chakavanzika ichi chinoramba unsolved kunyange pashure mana emakore pashure pokufa Toyotomi Hideyoshi.

Brief Biography kwaari izere zhinji chokwadi uye zviitiko muchiuto uye enyika upenyu munyika. Asi pane mukana kuti, kana baba vake vakanga vasina kufa saka mangwanani, Japan uye nyika yose haandinzwi ane zita rakadaro. The ndechokuti amai vake vakaroora pashure pokufa kwababa vake Yaemona. Vokurera pakarepo nezvavasingadi mwanakomana wake, kazhinji wakamutswa inzwi rake uye kazhinji kurohwa. Izvi chakaita mutongi yemberi kutiza imba yababa vake. Akaenda kudunhu suruga, apo mitemo Imagawa dzavo. T. Hideyoshi ashanda kuna Matsushita Naganori aine zita idzva Kinoshita Tokitiro. Kubva nguva uyu kunotanga upenyu hwake vakura pamba nababa vake uye nyika yaakaberekerwa.

Oda Nobunaga uye kutanga kukura mune hierarchical ino

1554 aizivikanwa musangano pamwe Oda Nobunaga Hideyoshi. Panguva iyoyowo akasiya Imagawa uye vakatanga kushumira tenzi itsva. Ichokwadi, haana pakarepo Samurai, yokutanga nguva yakanga mutakuri rweshangu Nobunaga.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi akamira pakati kuvaranda, akanga akangwara, yakachenjera, uyewo kwayakaita kutedzemuka ouinjiniya matsamba. Wokupedzisira pfungwa yakabatsira kuchinja mafungiro kuti mutongi wake. Kamwe rakabhuroka rakavakirirwa yakagara Oda. Madhaka zvave kukosha, asi anokwanisa murimi mudiki Toyotomi akakwanisa dzibve mumazuva matatu chete. On Nobunaga izvozvo akaita pfungwa nokusingagumi, uye iyewo, havana kuramba vari muzvikwereti muranda wake. Pakarepo, Oda akamuita mubati weguta Kiyoshi, akanga mamiriro wenhare, mukuwedzera, kusvikira wenharaunda yaitongwa zvemari zvakanangana Hideyoshi yaiva vakapfuura mhando zvakanaka. Kana tikafunga kuti Toyotomi aiva revatongi background, zvakanga zvagara dzose mutemo. Kuchengeteka mukuru chinzvimbo munzanga, akabudirira muna 1564, apo vakabatwa muchato nomwanasikana pedyo yava pasi Nobunaga Asana Nagamasa.

Military mabasa pasi pokudzora Nobunaga

Oda Nobunaga akamborarama munhu akabatanidzwa inokosha kwacho Japan Association. Kazhinji, ushamwari kwakakonzerwa kukunda nawo enyika, saka, achiperekedzwa kugara internecine hondo. Rinokosha izvi yakanga reDare Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Biography anongoti vakatutirana pamwe vabudirira zvechiuto mukurwa nokuda worudzii pakakwirira Oda. Muna 1566, hondo yakanga chakakonzerwa kuti genus Saito. The chigumbuso yaiva ruwa Mino. Hideyoshi akakwanisa kuvaka chete nokusimbaradza ari doro, akava springboard kuti kukurudzira mauto Nobunaga muna chete usiku. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa unyanzvi ake nedzenyu, nokuti ari kurwisa mbiri kuberekwa Japanese iye vakakwezvwa yake divi Saito simba vemauto. Pashure paizvozvo, pane yakachinja pakurwa, uye makore maviri gare gare akazopedzisira aine kukunda ode.

1568 kwaikosha mune zvematongerwo enyika pane Hideyoshi Toyotomi. Mushure kubatwa reKyoto, iye akagadzwa mumwe co-vatongi guru.

Kubva upstart vemauto vari

Makore maviri pashure achitora Kyoto Nobunaga akaunganidza uto pfuura kudunhu Etidzen apo anotonga Asakura dzinza. Mushandirapamwe akabereka wafirwa uye kukundwa mauto Oda rakazara. Nechekare panguva yekutsvaga rutsigiro Nobunaga vakadzidza nezve shanduko rimwe zvikuru vatsigiri, uyo muvengi aigona kutora uto ari vise uye uputsei. Oda aigadzirira rokukurumidzira shure, uye sechinhu chokufukidzisa akasiya varindi veshure rinotungamirirwa Hideyoshi. Munhu wose anonzwisisa kuti izvi zvimwe rufu. Zvisinei, pasinei ose rusaruro Toyotomi akakwanisa dzinga kurwiswa zvose muvengi, achidzokera Kyoto, huru mauto Undefeated. Chiito ichi haina kungoita kufukidza kuenda ehondo mutongi, iye zvachinja maonero Samurai Oda. Kare, vaidavira kuti Hideyoshi uri nyore vehurumende upstart, asi zvino vakatanga kuona nyanzvi pakuridza wehondo.

Muna 1573 yakaparadzwa rudzi Azai dzavo, nenyika yaro mupurovhinzi Omagh uye zvechizarira Nagamaha mutongi Toyotomi Hideyoshi akagadzwa. Photos of idzodzo regai vapona, asi kuti aimbova murimi ari kushandiswa rechiuto rusvingo kunonyatsoratidza.

Muna 1576, Hideyoshi akagadzwa mutevedzeri uto zvayo Takehiko Shibata, kuratidza yakakuwandira kuti vemauto Kenshin. Pataikurukura yehondo nzira akanga vakapopotedzana, somugumisiro iyo gamba redu akaenda AWOL - akasiya dzimbahwe. Zvakaguma kukundwa rakazara varwi Nobunaga. Pakutanga, kwakasarudzwa kuuraya Toyotomi, asi vakapa mano ayo kunoshamisa, tenzi ngaararame, kutsungirira yambiro wakaoma.

Rudzikinuro

Mitambo Toyotomi Hideyoshi Mikoko yechipiri yezana XVI remakore. Ichi nhokwe zvikuru hondo mukati hurumende pakati munhu vamiririri basa, ndiyo nguva tisanzwa hondo. Saka nzira yakanakisisa uwane kuregererwa mutungamiriri aiva rechiuto feat. Toyotomi haana kuzomirira nguva yakareba, kunyanya sezvo iri nyore mukana kudaro akarayira pachayo. Akagadzwa mutungamiri wehondo Nobunaga mukurwisa kuwedzera mhando Mori. Mumakore maviri, Hideyoshi akakwanisa kukunda kwake marudzi simba matatu - Encoders, Akamatsu uye Besso. Panguva iyoyowo yaakasika Munongedzo pfungwa, muzinda yaiva Himeji Castle. Muna 1579 zvikazooneka kunyengera Ukita, Mori muranda kune divi rake.

Asi rakatevera gore haana kudaro chakajeka. Pakupedzisira, kwakamuka ari genus Bass. Hideyoshi aisagona kuenda pamusoro tsamwisa apo rwemberi kudzikama, saka iye akaunza mauto ake kuti vasaziva kupandukira. Kuti atore Nhare vapanduki, chaifanira kupedza gore sezvo zvaigoneka kuti chete nenzara. Pakarepo zvichangoitika, Toyotomi ikakundwa Tajima nharaunda, hwakava kuna Yamana. Vakasara muranda Yamana pokuziva kuti havazozvikwanisi pakati suzerain wake, akadzinga iye uye kusimbiswa Tottori nhare nokuenda achitungamirirwa Mori. Asi hazvina kuponesa: muna 1581, Toyotomi vakakomba yemauto akatenga zvose zvatinopiwa munharaunda uye akatora kupinda pasi.

Muna 1582, zvakafanana muzvirevo, Fortune vanonyemwerera pamusoro gamba redu Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Photo okukunda ake, Chokwadi, hakuwaniki, asi kana ivo vakabatwa, kuti kutemwa kwayo mavambo vakararama uye zvizvarwa. Zvichakadai, Toyotomi akaramba akunda dzinoti ake uye vanopinda nechisimba pasi Beatty rwenyika, vakatanga kukomba nhare Takamatsu. Zvakanga zvakanaka-zvombo uye haripindiki Castle. Mupata nayo yaiva, airarama nevanhu makomo, uye nedivi vaiva nzizi mbiri. Hideyoshi zvakare akarwawo engineering, dzichiisa madhamu nenzira kuti pamupata wose, pamwe tisanzwa mvura rwauya mudziva hombe, uye chivako pacharo rakava kufanana chitsuwa. Vhiki shomanana gare gare imwe haripindiki nhare akawa.

The political kukwidza

Paitonga Oda Nobunaga haagoni kunzi yakatsiga uye yakabudirira. Vokuparidzira anotambura rusingaperi tisanzwa hondo. Apo simba rake akakwanisa kukomba 33 mumatunhu ari zvaakaita usingatauriki utsinye. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti vapandukire Nobunaga. Vapanduki, akatungamirirwa Akechi Mitsuhide uye nehondo yake 10-simba, Nobunaga akamanikidzwa kuita seppuku.

Panguva ino, Toyotomi akanga akabatikana storming Castle Takamatsu, asi kunzwa pamusoro yambira nhau munhu haana kutaura pfupi akaita chibvumirano ne Mori akaenda guru. Panguva iyoyowo, imwe yakabatana Nobunaga - Tokugawa Ieyasu akaenda Kyoto. Asi Hideyoshi vakamurova kwemazuva matatu uye akafukidza daro anoverengeka zana makiromita. Muna May, mazuva 12 muna 1582 mana hondo mauto zviuru akunda Toyotomi Mitsuhide pa Yamazaki. mupanduki pachake akaurayiwa panguva ugororo nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo zvokudya namabhiza.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, iyo inoti akapararira vaimbova nezvinhu Nobunaga, akaiswa pacharo sezvo omutsivi, zvichitungamirira kuwedzera zvayo simba iri nharaunda iri simba nemadzishe uye Samurai. Pavanosarudza pamusoro kutsivana simba Toyotomi haana kuoma kutsvaga kutsigira veuto. Zvinogona kuva mukwikwidzi nokuti chigaro - mwanakomana Nobunaga, Nobutaka - akamanikidzwa kuzviuraya. Pashure paizvozvo Hideyoshi akagamuchira vakawanda nokwenhaka worudzii ode kuva regent-mubatsiri kuti mhando itsva vashe Oda Sanbosi (3 makore). Public Kusagutsikana pamwe akasarudzwa-refu nguva anokumhan'arira Takehiko Shibata.

Reunification munyika kuburikidza ropa

Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1582-1598 gg.) Haana kuwana runyararo pashure kuziviswa of facto mutsivi ayo Nobunaga simba. Panguva ino, imwe-refu anokumhan'arira uye anokumhan'arira Hideyoshi Shibata yakakanda hondo kuzorwa naye. Mugore yairwirwa hondo muvengi vakakundwa uye rakamanikidzwa shure kuti dunhu ravo Etidzen. Vakawanda nevatsigiri Shibata akazosvika pasi pomureza pakati Toyotomi. Akatora nguva, Hideyoshi akaputsa kunyika muvengi uye vakakomba nhare Kitanoso. Shibata wake akabvuma rufu kubudikidza seppuku, munhare aisa mirawo. Somugumisiro, vose aimbova nyika ichitongwa Nobunaga, wakapfuurira nhaka Hideyoshi.

Muna 1583, guta rakava muzinda Osaka kuvakwa: pano zvinopindura kuvakwa yamambo hombe. Sezvinoratidzwa vakararama se nhare tisina mamiriro ose yakabudirira nyika. Maererano vokuJapan, izvi zvinosanganisira Japan, China uye Korea. Panguva imwe chete, Osaka rava zvemari muzinda chikuru uye seri noruzhinji, asi guta guru chaiyo munyika.

Kuzviisa yose Japan

Zvikuru akapfuma aikwikwidza mubishi kubatanidza nyika kuti Toyotomi aimbova mutsigiri Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu. Muna 1584, pakava adzika hondo pakati nemauto avo, izvo wakunda iri Samurai of Tokugawa. Asi vanokwanisa uye nesimba kuramba hondo kudivi Hideyoshi, Ieyasu saka akaenda kutaurirana rugare. Toyotomi aiva runyararo zvishoma, aida nokuzvininipisa zvachose vatongi varo vose Japan. Nokuti ichi, akatopa hanzvadzi yake Asahi kuroorwa Tokugawa, uye mai vake vakamuendesa ave mubatwa. Muna 1586 Tokugawa Kyoto pachake asvika uye akaita mhiko yokuvimbika kuna Hideyoshi.

Mumakore aya, Toyotomi Hideyoshi akasarudza kuisa zvinhu zvake kuchitsuwa Shikoku, iro raitangira Tesokabe Mototiki. Pakutanga, Hideyoshi akamukoka kuti vanongoona achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari. Asi Sezvaitarisirwa, akaramba Tesokabe ipapo Hideyoshi akatuma 100 kuzviuru hondo, izvo yabvuma kuti muvengi.

Izvi zvakateverwa chitsuwa Kyushu, ari Shimazu pakutanga kudzorwa. Muna 1587 Toyotomi pachake akatungamirira mauto mazana maviri kuzviuru. Local gradopravitel asingagoni kurwa munhu simba akadaro uye yabvuma kuti vakundi.

By pakuguma 80s ari XVI remakore muJapan akanga achiri chikuru womunda - Go-Gurui dzinza. Muna 1590 akasunungura rakazaruka hondo pakati titans maviri. Toyotomi akakomba huru munhare Odawara. Pakarepo zvichangoitika, akarayira kuti vaungane panguva yaaigara zvose Samurai nechokumabvazuva Japan. Pakupedzisira, kwaari zvainge zvose muchiuto uye feudal madzishe aiziva kuvimba Hideyoshi. Pashure pemwedzi mitatu okukomba haripindiki nhare, waiva kukwanisa kutora chero Toyotomi nerakakurumbira mukuru, akawa. Mutongi nomutsa uye vanakomana vake vakaita seppuku.

Somugumisiro webasa iri pasi pokudzora Toyotomi Hideyoshi wavarwi uye wezvematongerwo enyika dzaakanga akunda nharaunda yose Japan. Akava mutongi ane simba kupfuura munhau ehurumende.

zvemukati okuchinja

In mudzimba mabasa Toyotomi Hideyoshi akanga sezvinoita kushingaira sezvo muchiuto mashandiro. Wapedza remakore hondo munyika kwakambova rakatsiga, zvakazoita kuti pfupi kuwedzera kuva nzvimbo - Vakafumira ne 70%. Zvisinei, Hideyoshi akatanga mutero huru pamusoro varimi - 2/3 wokukohwa vaifanira mumaoko chezvipo. Saka, kuunganidzwa mupunga gore yakasvika matani mamiriyoni 3.5 kuti.

Toyotomi mutambo mutemo caffeine zvombo zvose zvakatipoteredza zvavo vanhu, uye ari muchikwata ichi panguva vaiva kunyange pfira uye majeko. Vose vanogara Japan ave rakakamurwa pachena muzvikwata zviviri: vakuru, kuti raiva boka remauto, uye vagari sevhiriyeni. Obscheyaponsky Nyika rekisteröidy yakatanga kusikwa, zvakare, munguva yokutonga Hideyoshi uye akapona kuchinja kwemakore anopfuura makore 300.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha nguva munyaya dzomunyika mabasa Hideyoshi - the kudzingwa mamishinari echiKristu. Yaiva zvikonzero zvakawanda kuburikidza pamutemo zvoupfumi kune munhu. June 19, 1587 iye chirevo maererano iyo vaKristu vose vaifanira kusiya zviwi Japanese mukati memazuva 20, zvikasadaro vakamirira kuti rufu. zvomuenzaniso Kuuraya kwacho kutyisidzira: kuroverwa vakatambura 26 VaKristu, pakati pavo pakanga vokuEurope.

Imperialist maonero Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Dhakwa epamba kubudirira, nokutenda kwavo vakasarudzwa vanhu vaMwari, Toyotomi zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuenda anopenga, sezvo vamwe vaongorori vanoti. Akamuka pachake revakadzi rine nevarongo 300, nguva dzose akadzinga mazana ezviuru vanhuwo zvavo pakuvaka masvingo echiuto, uye maturo. Asi chikuru chinhu - zviri pfungwa dzake imperialist. Toyotomi yakaitika akakunda yose yakabudirira nyika. Akatanga Korea. Nguva hondo yokutanga Chokwadi, chaiva Japanese - ivo atora zvinenge zvose muguta iri yeKorea Peninsula uye akasvika kumiganhu pamwe China. Asi ipapo vakadzokera remagandanga hondo, uye ndinoiitawo kuchamhembe vakauya Chinese hondo, Korea vaiona ndima yake muranda. Mugumisiro - the Samurai vakanga akasunda kumaodzanyemba. Korea yakakamurwa dzikava Chinese uye Japan payakatora wongoramba. hondo iyi akaramba kusvikira afa Hideyoshi muna 1598. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, kuti Samurai mapfumo vakaenda kumisha yavo, apo zvakare factional kurwisana aitambudza, chikuru nhamba razova Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Saka akati Hideyoshi

Quotes uye mashoko, uyewo ane simba rose mudzvinyiriri Hideyoshi nhetembo vakazadzwa zvahunoreva kwouzivi. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakajairika kuti vose vatongi yakabudirira East vomunguva idzodzo, uye gamba redu hakuna anosara.

Toyotomi mu dzakavapo vaisagona kuva mambo, saka musoro kampaku akanzi kwaari. Inogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana, asi pfungwa yacho kuti aiva of facto mubati mamiriro panguva yavose sezvavakatarirwa nesimba mambo. Naizvozvo, kana Samurai akatora mhiko yokuvimbika, yakatenuka hauna kuitirwa mambo uye akananga kampaku Hideyoshi. Izvi runoratidzwa dzeShanduro mhiko, unokweverwa Toyotomi: "Orders nemirayiridzo kampaku inofanira kuremekedzwa navose, uye anofanira mirawo kuzadzikisa."

Mumwe prices ouzivi Hideyoshi iri hurukuro nezveupenyu: "Ini ndiri kutsunga uye wakasimba mune vavariro yako, uye mumamiriro ose ezvinhu matsva, zvose zvangu epamba achava kuitira. Ndinovimba, sezvo nguva dzose, ini remangwana, ndinotenda kwaro hurefu, uye hapana chakaipa pandiri hazvifaniri kuitika. Ini vacharamba zvose zvinofadza zvoupenyu. "

Zvisinei prices ake azere upenyu uzivi, havana akapukunyuka mashoko ake maererano kune voruzhinji Kutarisirwa, umo asimba kwazvo. Hideyoshi yasvika kure varimi kampaku uye mumakore ake, zvaizoshamisa nokuda vakararama, ikava kwamanenji chaizvo uye vaizviita murume. Ndokusaka nhetembo yake yokupedzisira zvakanyorwa kare ava kutandadza, aiva ichi mhedziso kwouzivi:

I - somunhu kuwa kuderera dova,

sezvinoita dewdrop, zvichava chose kunyangarika.

Kunyange Castle mu Osaka -

Just kurota.

Toyotomi Hideyoshi - "Tsoko" kana "Mr. Tsoko," ndiko kuti iye akadanwa Japanese historiography. Zvaisava kubva zvisakafanira chitarisiko. MuJapan, yakafanana moniker kana shoko "Tokitiro" akadana vanhu vose vane nguva, takanga rusununguko kunoshamisa ungwaru, zvaiti uye kugwinya. Toyotomi Hideyoshi zvose akaratidza muenzaniso upenyu hwake. Akatadza nokuda murombo murimi mudiki kuti ave mutongi Japan zvose, kunokunda vavengi, uye panguva imwecheteyo tichibatanidza hurumende pasi chete simba.