Aleksandr Ivanovich Pokryshkin: Biography. How ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin?

Muna 2018 gore Uratidze makore zana nemashanu, mbiri Ndege mutyairi, uyo aiva wekutanga munhoroondo nyika yedu rava gamba Soviet Union katatu. Ndiyo nguva kunyatsotarisa panguva-refu yapfuura zviitiko, kuti asimbise chokwadi pamwe idzva richangobva kubudiswa ruzivo, uye edza kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "? Chaizvoizvo, sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin" Air Marshal uye yaiva upenyu rakakurumbira zvikuru, uye nhasi kufarira chinozivikanwa mutyairi kuti kwete kudukupiswa. Vezvenhau titsvake magwaro akare zvakachengetedzwa kuti tione sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin chaizvoizvo. Izvi zvitupa vazhinji zvikuru yakashatiswa mumufambiro.

Biography

Pokryshkina Alexander Ivanovich nyika haazombokanganwi, nokuti unhu kukuru uye rinosundwa vhiri ngano yake. Akaberekwa ari mumhuri vanoshanda kirasi, guta rokumusha akava Novosibirsk (zvino Novonikolayevsk). Ndapedza kubva mamakisi nomwe kuchikoro, akasarudza kutevera tsoka baba vake uye akatora "Sibkombaynstroy" fekitari (achiri kutungamirira zvebhizimisi, kunyange ari mumwe anonzi) nyore toolmaker. Pane vaviri makore vachidzidza dzakagadzirirwa ichi mukurovedza fekitari chikoro. Sezvo Pokryshkina Biography yakatanga muna February 1913, nguva wamambo aaiyeuka, zvakanga zvachose munhu ane kuumbwa itsva - asingapfidzi uye unyanzvi mubasa uye kudzidza, vanenge vose vechidiki okutanga emakore munyika yeSoviet. Muna 1932, kuti "mhepo vairwara" Alexander Pokryshkin, uyo Biography kubva nguva akava zvachose akarondedzera avhiyesheni. Akapinda muchiuto chikoro wechitatu ndege. Zvinenge zvose vakomana nevasikana kuti nguva zhinji vaida kuva vezvikepe, uye vazhinji ndezvokuti nekuti hurumende zvino vakaita zvose kuitira kuti kukudziridza ndege.

Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich kudzidza chikoro ichi zvakakwana zvakanaka, uye akatumirwa Leningrad kuti makosi kuvandudza, uye pakupera 1934 kare akanzi anokudzwa Taman Infantry Division - senior ndege mukoti pamwero. Akanga yakamira Krasnodar, apo wechiduku mukoti uye kwemakore mana, nguva dzose kurota pamusoro mutyairi wendege basa. Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich haana chete hope izvozvo - sei - vaita. Anenge makumi mana mishumo akanyorera masimba aine chikumbiro kuti mberi kune Flight School, asi akanga ari nyanzvi huru, uye izvi Nzira mabhosi aisada kurasikirwa. Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich ari akarambwa, asi akaramba akaramba kudzidza nhoroondo vakazvimirira kutiza, masvomhu, wefizikisi, nhoroondo uto rairatidza geometry, kunyange physiology. Zvino ini kuwana nzira yakasiyana.

Pilot!

Muna September 1938, Alexander akakunda Pokryshkin rakatevera pazororo, asi haana kuenda zororo. Akauya Krasnodar zvinobhururuka kirabhu vakapfuura namanomwe mazuva, chirongwa kwemakore maviri ose akaisvonaka. Zvino ndakanyora ramakumi mana ripoti, uko gwaro kupera. Vakuru aifanira yokuupa, uye kare iye pamwe chinokudza muna November inotevera gore vakapedza kudzidza muKachin Military Aviation School. Zvino akanga mutyairi, uye munguva pfupi zvichaita kuti kuverenga vangani ndege muvengi akapfura pasi Pokryshkin. Mukutanga Muchando cha1939, aiva mutyairi mashanu namashanu Fighter hondo muna Odessa. rokutanga mwedzi miviri isati kutanga hondo mugadziriro kunenge Pokryshkin nyanzvi third-3, kudyarwazve nokuripisa biplane I-15. Muna 1941 aiva mukuru refutenendi uye mutevedzeri dzechikwata wavarwi. Chokwadi, mberi wakabva maawa hondo yokutanga. Kusvikira kuwa 1942, iye vakamhanyira ndege Yak-1, I-16, third-3, uye muna 1943 akaedza kubhururuka American "Cobra" (P-39) uye aikudzwa kwazvo hondo iri Kuban.

Panguva ino atova zvinogoneka kutaura sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin. By May 1943 akanga 354 sorties, 54 mhepo hondo, akapfura pasi 19 muvengi ndege, yaakanga paakavapa musoro Hero kwaari, paakavapa ari Order of Lenin uye Gold Star. Muna August wegore iroro, iye akawana wechipiri Zototuyu Star. How ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin zvakadaro pfupi nguva? Matatu! Pachake! Uye kwete kuti ndicho zvose. The 1943rd muchiuto oma gore vakauya kwaari uye wechitatu chete mubayiro. mazana mashanu namakumi mashanu sorties mazana mhepo matatu manomwe hondo, downed vavengi makumi mashanu! magamba mazhinji yakakurumbira vakaberekerwa munyika yedu kunetseka, asi Alexander Pokryshkin - gamba katatu! Uye pakutanga! Sezvo May 1944, akarayira Ninth Guards Fighter Division kusvikira pakuguma hondo, uko kwakaguma muna chinzvimbo konoro. Musi Victory Parade muna June 1945, mufambisi wengarava vakatakura Pokryshkin pomureza mberi.

Chii chakazoitika

Pakarepo pashure pehondo, akadzidza kwete Frunze Military Academy, kwaakanga kudzidza muna 1948, uye akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Military Academy of General Staff. Next, zvishoma zvishoma pane makore makumi maviri namashanu chainyanya dzemitoro kudzivirira mauto enyika. Muna 1953, akava mukuru, uye muna 1972 - Marshal, ipapo vakananga DOSAAF Soviet Union. The Novosibirsk Region akasarudzwa mutevedzeri akatevedzana iungano sere, aiva nhengo Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet. Akanyorawo chinonakidza bhuku iri kuverenga kubva pauduku weSoviet. Taifarira rudo rwakakosha "mapapiro murwi," Ziva pachako muhondo "," Nendege Wehondo. "

Nyika inofanira kuva chaizvo unyanzvi mutyairi wendege kuongororwa pamusoro makodzero. Kuwedzera matatu nyeredzi ndarama Hero, muna Pokryshkina namanomwe mirairo uye Medals dzakawanda vakagamuchira munguva yehondo. Ava namapfumbamwe mibayiro ndakauya gamba kubva kune dzimwe nyika - Asia, Africa, Europe. Kunyange United States vakanga paakavapa ichi anobudirira mutyairi wendege rake menduru yegoridhe "Nokuti Service mu Battle", iro akapiwa nokuda President Roosevelt. Muna 1993, mumwe mapuraneti zviduku pakuzivikanwa se "Pokryshkin", uye muna 1995, akazarura muNovosibirsk zita Pokryshkina Museum. Muna 2000, ivo Novosibirsk Metro chiteshi akagamuchira "Pokryshkinskaya", uye muna 2005 panzvimbo, panguva Karla Marksa Square, shongwe rakadzikwa yakakurumbira mutyairi wendege. Monument kuna Aleksandru Ivanovichu Pokryshkinu ikoko uye Krasnodar. MuRussia uye Ukraine, migwagwa yakawanda mazita gamba. Vachikudza Marshal uye countryman Novosibirsk nharaunda akagadza menduru Pokryshkina kuti anokurudzira kunyanya vanhu anokudzwa vakaita mupiro chaiwo dzidzo muchiuto-nyika, kuramba kurwisana unoda nyika yedu, muna kwesimba kuyeuka Siberians vakanga vafa Great Patriotic Hondo uye hondo hunotevedzana.

Personal unhu

Munguva yehondo, hapana akava gamba katatu, uye nomwe chete vezvikepe edu vakakwanisa kugogodza sokuti zvikuru, sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi Pokryshkin. Uye Kozhedub uye Zhukov akatanga matatu vatambi mushure kukunda. Muna 1944, President US akadana Alexander Pokryshkina yakanakisisa mhepo Ace. Asi kwete chete nokuda matambudziko. Zvabuda haana kuzviratidza voga. Pokryshkin tega uye vakava yakasiyana zvachose nzira mhepo yetsiva. Uyezve, akaedza uye rakatangwa, yokuzogumbura kwete chete pachavo hwavo, asi kunyange munhu zita rakanaka. About sei kushandisa dzidziso yake muhondo tsika Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich, sei ndege zhinji akapfura pasi zvakananga - akamboforesa kutenda kwaari, ainzwisisa kukosha matsva ane yoga nyaya.

Pokryshkin murume akanga kwete zvikuru kukurudzirwa, nguva dzose kuwana chinangwa ichi. Akanga tefa chaizvo, kupa uchapupu hwake mhosva, kwete kuuya kubva kurutivi rumwe kusvikira dambudziko, sezvo mumwe, uye pamwe wechitatu. Uyezve, pfungwa kururamisira mairi akanga wakarodzwa kuti kwaari vose zviri nyore kuti kupfeka kadhi. Paiva Pakadaro inorondedzerwa ndangariro Basil Sevastianova, Pokryshkina bhururu. Alarm matatu namanomwe, Mafungu kusungwa vavengi vevanhu. By Aviagorodok apo Pokryshkin wevanamakanika ndege rakashanda, zvakare, udzvanyiriri haisi akapfuura. Achiona sezvo mukadzi akasungwa mutyairi vakadzingwa pamwe vana mumugwagwa ari inonaya zvakanaka, Pokryshkin akamira, asi vamwe, richikwidibira meso ake, akamhanya yapfuura. Paakaziva zvaiitika, akabvunza Basil kuti pokugara iye uye nzvimbo yake akapa mhuri iyi. Kunyange pashure nenyevero nezvinozoitika kubatsira hama romuvengi, sarudzo yavo isina kushandurwa, akati anotya chinhu asi misodzi kurwadziwa vana. Zvakanga upenyu musimboti, uye vakamutevera Pokryshkin nguva dzose, kusvikira kumagumo hwake. Aivawo nevana vake. Mukadzi wake Mary vakasangana muna 1942 - pamberi. Mwanakomana Alexander uye mwanasikana Svetlana aiva mumwe kuva.

nzira

Mumazuva hondo mangwanani, pashure akawanda kurwa Alexander Pokryshkin akaziva kuti ndege yedu shure kwete chete zvazviri, asiwo tactically. Yakanga kwakajeka mutyairi wendege, uye saka akasvika pakugumisa kuti tinoda nzira itsva zvehondo, izvo zvichakubatsira kukurira kusaenzana ichi. Uye pakarepo ndakatanga kugadzira nzira itsva, ndege, akatanga bhuku, iyo yakatanga nzira itsva, uye murwi muhondo. Akakurumidza vakazadzwa calculators, machati, manotsi. Uye pfungwa dzavo pamberi zakonspektirovat, iva nechokwadi kuti aone pachako Pokryshkin Alexander, muchidimbu akarondedzera kutsvaka zvinogadzirisa, aireva zvikanganiso, akasimbisa nemhanza. Zvose izvi ndizvo chaizvo kazhinji asatenderwe mirayiridzo dzave akagadzirirwa pokushandisa Air Force.

Kubudirira kurwa mabhosi kugona vabvume. Naizvozvo, nokuti anoverengeka dzakawanda akakunda vavengi okutanga Pokryshkin kuwana kurumbidzwa, uye scolding kuti mufambiro hondo haina sezvakarairwa. Asi aisagona tibve zvavo tsvakurudzo mutyairi wendege. Strange kutaura, zvikuru asterisks aonekwa fuselage ari downed motokari muvengi, kuwana kusununguka ukama murayiro. Uye pakupedzisira, muna 1942, yakanakisisa mhepo Ace kudzingwa mubato, akaisa imba varindi uye vakaunganidza kupa nedare rechiuto kuti kutyora mirairo muhondo. Lucky - Zvino dzakakwirira zvikuru ukama zviremera uye akakumbira kuona nzira itsva pakurwa. Pokryshkina akasunungura kuratidza Flight pachake manyorero. Uye ndege Pokryshkina akaratidza zvose kuti anogona. Mabhosi vakafara. Zvisinei, akakumbira mirayiridzo kwete kutyora kuzova. Izvi zvinokwanisika sei kuti shasha kwechokwadi? shasha True haana vanotiza kubva yayo kwete.

Kuban

Muna Kuban vaiva hondo dzinotyisa, asi vezvikepe haana nguva kuwana yakakwana yokurara. Mukuru - kunozivikanwa Konstantin Andreevich Vershinin - akaona mutyairi Pokryshkina mu: zvakanaka pamberi vake mhepo Ace akapfura pasi mumwe pashure pomumwe mana ndege. Vershinin pakarepo akaisa Alexander Pokryshkin Order of Red Banner, uye akarayira kuti vazviise musoro Hero. Muna May 1943, musangano vatungamiri Southern Front, avhiyesheni, apo mutungamiri akadana uye Pokryshkina. Alexander kuramba akanyarara, uye imomo akanga asina kuenda kunyara. Akakumbira kutaura uye akati zvikuru kuti zvose zvekare mitemo vezvikepe uye zvose mirayiridzo havasi zvinobatsira uye anokuvadza, vanofanira kutsiviwa kanenge nekuti vezvikepe zvedu nokuti kufa kazhinji.

Asi zvino wakati kuti nzira itsva, uye aitsanangura dzakabudirira uye akaramba kuedza pachako nzira dzenyu. Agere meruvanze vemauto uye colonels vakavhiringidzika; kwete kusingaenzaniswi nechivimbo, kwete asina ushingi chitsiga kumwe Pokryshkin. Zvichida, kana bhomba raputika mukamuri, hazvina kudaro kutishamisa. Mukurukuri akatevera aiva uye akapfupikisa kuzvidzora Vershinin. Chokutanga, akabvuma kuti kukundikana uye zvikanganiso musangano wedu kurwa ndiyo zvakawanda chaizvo, uye Pokryshkin zana zvakanaka. Zvino kubva nokuti vose varipo akapiwa murayiro: ruzivo Tires pakarepo dzinotevedzera, uye dzimbahwe hondo inofanira pakarepo kugadzirira akarayirwa kumauto ose ari mukuru mudonzvo, kusanganisira kuti anodawo nzira dzinofanira kuchinjwa. Pano yakanga iri Pokryshkina awa wakanakisisa! The itsva hondo nzira zvechokwadi akaratidza kushanda kwayo pakuvhiya zvechiuto muna Kuban. A tsika zvakatsausa panze nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Sei akarwa Pokryshkin

Aigara akatora kupfuura nengozi, chinonetsa: muchigogodza mukuru boka, kuziva vatyairi zvikuru unyanzvi uye nehasha. All vaitungamirira Pokryshkin akatora pamusoro pachake. The aces German akangofanana ezvinhu: a dzechikwata inoitisa zvikuru nazvo, uye nguva dzose - wavarwi. Chii chiri kutungamirira kurwisa? Maererano vavashungurudza nekutsvaga zvose moto, ndiro, vose pfuti uye zvose pfuti dzinobhururuka Ndege kuedza kudzivirira tenzi wake, uye vakamonyanisa dzakapoteredza remhashu murwi perekedza. Vakanzi: panguva kurwisa zvebhinya murwi anofanira kudzivisa ose yechipiri nehafu zviuru anoshongwa uye nemabara. Mukuru boka evadzimi kurwisa kunyange zvakaoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, mudenga, vanhu vokuGermany vaigona kurwa zvakanakisisa, sezvo yedu haina vadzidza.

And Pokryshkin akadzidzisa - nounyanzvi uye anoramba achiedza. Ake pasi tanzwisisa zvakagadzirwa uye akavagarisa muhondo tichifara. Chekutanga, nokuti akaramba ari mupenyu, uye chechipiri nokuti chete kuva aces. The Guards chemazana chehondo, kwaakashanda Pokryshkin, inozivikanwa vadzidzi vake: matatu Gerov Soviet Union akaita mbiri iyi. Pokryshkin rako pachako nhoroondo downed ndege yakawedzera haana nokuda kwavo podchinonnnyh anofanira vakanga vari vapenyu. Akati kuti pamwe ivo zvakawanda nasshibayut. Kakawanda ndiyo yokupedzisira akakanda chinangwa kuti akanga atova pamusoro radar, izvo kare arerwa uye vakadzidziswa, uye zvose kumhanya kuzonunura mutyairi kuti dzechikwata chake. Pokryshkina zvikuru munorumbidzirweiko mukuru chokwadi kuti hapana varanda vake vakafira pakati kurwa. Kunyange downed vavengi sezvo havasi kumira. Pasina vavanodzidza, pasina shamwari, aisagona kufungidzira upenyu.

nomwero

Mushure mharidzo wechitatu Golden Star Pokryshkin akadzidza yose nyika. All chikuru mapepanhau dzenyika dzaiva Portraits ake. Akabva akagamuchira murayiro weboka uye kuti vatakuri vakagadzirira muna 1108, kusanganisira anenge makumi matanhatu magamba Soviet Union. In yose, vose vezvikepe kupesana akagogodza pamusoro ndege chiuru muvengi. On fronts zvose akadzinga isu kuti Pokryshkin kuti ruzivo.

Achiri Pokryshkin Aleksandr Ivanovich akakoromora ndege zhinji? Pamutemo - mashanu nezvipfumbamwe. Editor kuti netsamba dzake "Kuti vazive akubvumira muhondo" Eugene Podolsky akaedza kutsvaka zvakawanda chaizvo nhamba, sezvo vakawanda ruzivo vanhu vakati kuti akanga understated chaizvo. Pokryshkin shrugged akati kuti hazvina kukosha, zvakawanda zvinokosha kuti weboka rose 1147 vakaburusa aces German.

Notebooks mutyairi wendege

Asi makore mashanu gare gare, apo kupenya mutyairi wendege akanga asisiri mupenyu, chirikadzi yake, Mary Kuzminichna akazarura pachake arşive Alexander Pokryshkina. Uyu diaries ake, tsamba, uye Chikurukuru - the kemabhuku akachengetedzwa kubva yehondo, apo munhu mitemo nemazvo akanyatsokopwa akanyorwa ose downed ndege - mhando, nzvimbo, uye zvose zvakamira zvaitika. Uye zvinyorwa chete kuti pamutemo yasimbiswa pasi mauto. A Pokryshkin akarwa kwete chete kuva murwi, asi kuchiita ushori mabasa. Kazhinji akasangana muvengi chete pamusoro kweGungwa Dema, nokudaro zvemakore rufu muvengi, hapana aigona. Uyezve, Alexander Pokryshkin kunzwisisa nokufarisa vaduku vezvikepe kuti mugumisiro muhondo mishoni, manzwiro avo pamusoro kushaya ruzivo, ndokusaka havasi kuwira pamusoro michina muvengi, saka kakawanda akakurudzira varume kuti downed ndege Nazi - nokuda kwavo.

All 1941 wokutanga uye rinenge rose muna 1942 makore apo hondo yedu yakanga kuenda, pamwe kutanga nemhedziso kukanganisa, izvo zvinogona yasimbiswa? Kwete kukwira kwavari. Pakanga kunyange nyaya apo mugove richibva nharaunda pamwe kurwa, kugona kuponesa mudonzvo magwaro, vakapisa muchina wavo wakakwana - Flight uye mabhuku kusanganisira, apo Pokryshkina zvakanyorwa gumi ndege downed naye pachake.

Uye pano vari dzakanyorwa chete nebhuku rokunyorera, izvo takaona afa Marshal. Pokryshkin pachake kwete chete akaramba ari "rakanyorwa", asi haana kutaura nyaya iyi - rinopfuta, izvozvo akapisa pasi. Haana akatungamirira kukurukura pamusoro pachavo pachedu uye yoga dzavo. Zvisinei, pashure pokufa Alexander Ivanovich, vaongorori kwakaratidza kuti kwaiva zvinenge 116.

Alexander anodzivirira

Asi iye akataura nenzwi guru uye nekushingaira pamusoro pezvakanaka zvevamwe. Mikhail Devyataev, iyeye akaba kubva kumusasa wevasungwa weHeinkel 111 uye akatora vasungwa vedu pariri, chete kuburikidza neKatryshkin akagamuchira Hero's Star, uye mushure mokurwisana kwenguva refu. Mushure mehondo, kubva kumusungwa wehondo yehondo (yaiva nzvimbo yeAmerican!) Akasunungurwa nemudzidzi wake waanoda Ivan Babak, uyo akauraya kudarika makumi mana emapenzi emuvengi uye uyo Pokryshkin akakurudzira kune musoro weHerma vasati vatiza.

Mutyairija Grigory Dolnikov akafuridzirwa pasi, akatorwa musungwa, akatiza, uye akazosvika oga, uyo akatanga kumutonga. Pokryshkin akapindira uye akadzivirira achiti: "PaDolnikov, iyo yose yenyaya yakanyorwa paganda!" - akadaro. Uye ndezvechokwadi kuti akarohwa zvikuru uye akatambudzwa mukutapwa. Alexander akashandurwa kubva muchiGiriki se "mudziviriri". Pokryshkin zvakazara zvakakwana.