The chikepe "Estonia" rikanyura. Chakavanzika pokufa chikepe "Estonia"

Maritime dzoga dzakanga dzakawanda. Zvinoita sokuti vanhu kuramba zvichitambudzwa pokuwa dzimwe zvikepe, ndege, zvitima nezvimwewo siyana, vachiva nokukurumidza uye kunzwisisa zvakawanda. Asi nguva dzose pane chiitiko anotyisa, achiperekedzwa dzakawanda dzevanhu vakatambudzwa, zvinogona kubatsira naivo nyaya nenjodzi kare. Pokuwa chikepe Estonia akaita nokushamwaridzana rufu "Titanic." Zvechokwadi, njodzi idzi mbiri vane chinhu zvakafanana. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, zvikepe zvakanga huru uye dzakaisvonaka, hwaderera vazhinji, uye kutarisira kuti hapana aigona. Asi ichi zvose zviri chete pakutanga kuaona. Ezvinhu akaratidza kuferefeta nemapoka akazvimirira nyanzvi, vaiva scandalous uye kunonyatsopupurira kuti tsaona iyi angadai kudziviswa. Zvisinei, shanduro vaiva zviitiko zvakawanda.

Chii chaiva chikepe

The chikepe "Estonia" aiva hwomutambarakede mudziyo anopa vanhu vayo kwete chete utilitarian danho kubva pachiteshi kuenda mumwe, uye rwendo mafaro. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, bhodhi aiva zvose zvataida uye yakawanda frills, zvakagadzirirwa kusika chisingakanganwiki ruzivo. cafes anoverengeka uye maresitorendi, tsvimbo ine dzandaienda, pool, varaidzo nzvimbo vana, munhu sauna, mumwe mabhaisikopo ano inopa dandadzo inofadza rose rwendo. Photo of chikepe "Estonia" rakadhindwa pamusoro postcards yaitengeswa chirangaridzo zvitoro pano, pamwe chete nemamwe hazvo zvinodiwa nenzira uye kutenga chirangaridzo. Asi chikuru chinhu chatinofanira kuyeuka kugadzwa nezvikepe. Zvisati kwenguva pfupi yapfuura aimbova vagari Soviet mukana kuenda kunze ake motokari ainzwa somunhu hwomutambarakede kudzidziswa kuti European upenyu. 460 nzvimbo motokari zvinokwana munhu wose, uyo aiva mari kubhadhara chimwe chazvo. Ferry "Estonia" tsvaka youmbozha uye zvakanga guru (a kureba 155 metres, wakafara makubhiti -. 24 m, 15.5 matani misha). It rakavakwa muGermany muna 1980, "Meyer" shipyard nokuda Norwegian mumagwa kambani, asi akanga pakarepo resold "Viking Line". Ipapo chikepe ainzi "Silviya Star," asi tsamba pamusoro puranga, rinoratidza boka-wengarava aifanira kakawanda kunyora uye kunyora vatsva. Muna 1991 chikepe chakatengwa ne "Vasa Line", uye rakanga kunzi "Dunhu King." Ipapo akazobatanidzwa yakaitika, uye vakagamuchira zita idzva, nguva ino yokupedzisira - the chikepe "Estonia". rufu rwake mumvura inotonhora yeGungwa reBaltic muna 1994 kwakakatyamadza nyika.

akaoma zvinhu

The chikepe vakabva Tallinn chaiyo, panguva kota apfuura nomwe manheru musi waSeptember 27. Kunze zvakanaka, asi akafanotaura kudzikira kwaro. Vakatakurwa vari kufara, asi nguva pakati pousiku, vakawanda vavo kare varara. Apo "Estonia" chikepe akapfuura kuyambuka Turku mutsetse, vanhu havasati aiva nguva kurara, akanzwa jolt ndakasimba, uye vakanzwa rira. Ngarava akatanga kunyora kune rimwe-matatu usiku shop yakatenuka yaisvika madhigirii 30, uye akaramba achikura. Vakatanga kutya, asi kuedza kununura vakawanda vatakurwi vaiva pasina, kuti kubva corridors zvakanga zvisingabviri. Water achiuya, uye chete nevagari yokumusoro uriri aiva nomukana pa upenyu. Kutambudzika chiratidzo yatepfenyurwa, asi substantially chiutsi panguva imwe chete yakanyangarika kubva radar chidzitiro, - zvakanga gumi kusvika maviri neusiku. Chikepe "Estonia" yakanyura ari kudzika anenge 80 metres pa anoona 59 ° 22 'N uye 21 ° 40' mabvazuva Longitude. Mangwanani chinosuruvarisa nhau yakapararira kumativi nyika.

ruponeso

First akasvika nzvimbo njodzi yacho chikepe "Mariella", vane vashandi vakaita kununura vanhu pakutambudzika. Mikana zvaingova vaviri zana vanhu, vakanga vachigona kuenda chikepe uye ibva pairi. Total mubhazi vaiva 989 vashandi nhengo vakatakurwa. Yakatanga dutu, mhepo yakasimba, bvungapfunga akariita mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Lifeboats uye matanda vakanga asingabatsiri, vakasvika chinhu, vanhu vakawanda vakanga vari mumvura vakapfeka mumwe munhu. Vane supercool uye akafa. Around pakati pousiku nhatu panyaya apinda helicopters, asi vakanga simba, netambo nemhepo asingagoni kurwa mutoro. Kunyange vaya vakakwanisa kumutsa, vakafa nechando. The umhare nesimba vafambisi akatungamirira kuzonunura vanhu 137 kubva vose Tallinn vakatora muchikepe chikepe "Estonia". Kuuraya 95 vashandi nhengo vakatakurwa, apo 757 vaionekwa vasisina, asi nenguva nomwe mangwanani, zvakava pachena kuti vaigona kuonekwa dzokuchema pasi.

The pamutemo Version

Tsanangura nokukurumidza rufu ano mudziyo ari kumbonyanya njodzi nzvimbo yegungwa kamwe hapana akamboda. It nokukurumidza Zvisinei akava pachena, kuti chikepe "Estonia" rikanyura nokuda mafungu akarova akavhuna visors (ndiwo zvenyaya murwere, kana iwe kuzarura muchina iro vanokwanisa kupinda vachizvitakudza uriri). Guilty Bato vakakurumidza rakazivisa German shipyard «Meyer», kuti vamiririri shipyard kuramba kuti izwi kushanda panguva njodzi vakapfuura makore 14. Mukuwedzera, flotation mudziyo zvachose haina akagadzirirwa mumakungwa kana gungwa mafungu uye aitofanira kuita kumahombekombe cabotage ndege chete Somuenzaniso kuyambuka bays. Chero zvazvingava, mhaka njodzi rakashevedzwa. Asi haina kutsanangura zvose ezvinhu. Pane chimwezve Bhaibheri.

zvinodhaka

The zvishwe zvakanga kwakakanganiswa, mashizha akabhururuka kure, vakazopedzisira pana chinokosha (inenge maira) kubva panzvimbo panowanikwa pasi yacho. Asi kudzidza vanomutswa magadzirirwo zvinhu akaratidza kuti kuda raiva simba uye aigona hunonzi mumire namahwindo nzvimbo mitoro inorema. Zvino paiva shanduro zvishwe kukundikana yakaitika nokuda pakuvhurwa mavharuvhu ari akurumidze. Pakarepo munhu chiedza ruoko zvakanzi akagadzira nokuda kubvuma kuti nokukanda mugungwa zvinodhaka bato. Kunenge kuti munhu akakwanisa kudzivisa nechitsotsi kuti akavamirira kumirira, uye vakakurumidza ndikabvisa ari nhumbi ngozi. Version, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, yakanga kure Hadzisi. Kunyange kana chikepe "Estonia" uye akanga akatakura zvinodhaka zvinorambidzwa nomutemo, havana kugona kumupikisa vhoriyamu guru, kukanda navo mugungwa vasingagoni kuzviuraya ngozi.

Kuputika?

Zvakadini kana ichibhabhamisa dzakavharika, tinogona kufunga kuti kuda kwavo pasi mamwe kushushikana, zvakadai somunhu putika. Kuti mumuedze pfungwa iyi kubva pasi yadonha zvikamu rakatangwa muna 2000, vava ndavhiyiwa kudzidza. Zviri pachena zvinhu izvi havana kupa mhinduro, asi haana kuramba kubvuma. Ndiani uye nei izvozvo yokukanganiswa? Pachiitiko ichi, pakarepo paiva wezvikamu zviviri chete hypotheses.

Double shora shanduro

Pashure pokuwa kweSoviet Union kudzora uwandu inochengeterwa zvombo ari munharaunda yayo, kusanganisira Newest, akanga zvishoma akarasika. Kanenge, saka vanoti vamwe vaongorori ano. Newly akazvimiririra nyika, dzaichimbova dzeSoviet vakava varidzi anoshamisa arsenals, vaiva chikamu achangobuda mazano, kusanganisira avo chokuita inokosha uye zvenyukireya. Yakanga, uye pane zvainge zvakohwewa kuti zvekungofungira pamusoro aifarira kuparadzwa pakavanda nhumbi. The nzira yokutanga - the chikepe "Estonia" akanyura pasi deginamajai akatya kugara kwake vasori mabasa, uye pakuva kutibatsira nechepasi. Pfungwa yechipiri Zvakasiyana, asi zvinorehwa zvakangofanana. Russian akachenjera nevasori, vadyi venhaka "kiyi-Gee-bi" yakarambidza yokuedza kubviswa yeSoviet zvombo muchivande.

Chii chakavanzika chinoshamisa

Kune akawanda ezvinhu vasina kuziviswa kuruzhinji uye vachiri vasina kuwana tsanangudzo. A nemotokari kombiyuta rakaoma iri chaiyo parameter ari mudziyo vanenge ndege "bhokisi dema" rudzi, siyana uye vashandi vanonunura vasina kuwana, kunyange zvazvo Muchichenjerera. Two rinorema-basa motokari mungarava, maererano zvapupu, havana kupfuura tsika kuongorora. Chakavanzika rufu "Estonia" chikepe chinotonyanya kujeka, tichifunga kuti mutungamiriri yemisipiresi, kupotsa pamutemo shanduro chisipo, akaonekwa mune rimwe zvokurapa motokari, vakatakura anonunurwa, uye kunyange akaita firimu. Pashure paizvozvo iye vatsakatika. Saizvozvowo, ivo akanyangarika uye vamwe vakawanda pashure achibvisa kubva mumvura inotonhora. Zvisinei, izvi zvose zvinogona kutsanangurwa panguva kuvhiringidzika kutonga nguva dzose pashure nenjodzi huru.

Asi nei wechikepe Hull akasarudza wall kukwira kongiri, zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Kusimba panguva iyo Akanyura, kwete saka guru sezvo kudzivirira vaizoitwazve mudziyo kana kwete, ipapo vanenge mitumbi vakaurayiwa kwokuputsika. Kunyange zvakadaro, kwakasarudzwa kuti nokusingaperi kuvanda pasi marongera nekongiri kubva pamberi chikepe "Estonia". Fatalities vakaramba kwavo simbi muguva nokusingaperi. Ungarega sei kutenda "yenyukireya" shanduro?

The ungangotarisa zano

In chete hafu zuva pamberi dzinouraya ndege chikepe "Estonia" kwave kuchiita rwokugadzira kuongorora. Asingasaruri Nyanzvi mafungiro ari ezvinhu ake aratidzwe anoverengeka zvikanganiso, rave nezvokudzokera utariri kutumirwa kambani. Pasinei neizvi, ngarava nechikepe mugungwa. Pakati matambudziko akanongedzera mainjiniya uye kutyorwa kuvakwa nokukiya ramps mano. Sezviri pachena, Estonian vanamuzvinabhizimisi vasina mari yakakwana yokugadzirisa midziyo, akasarudza kumbosendeka kugadziridza, asi iye zvino mari yakawanda. Izvi chaizvo nowenyika netariro pamwe anonzi vamwe chikonzero chete Russian mumwe. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera uglyadet kuvanza chokwadi zhinji kwakaguma panowanikwa uye hakungagoni shanduro. Zvinodiwa nehurumende yayo nomukurumbira, kuti vakaratidza kudarika chokwadi. Gungwa asingakanganwiri kuregeredza.