History of Russia: nzendo Civil War

Munyaya ino tichakurukura nhanho Civil War, uye zvinokonzera uye zvabuda, unogona kudzidza kubva vamwe.

Hondo Yevagari muRussia kwakaitika pakutanga remakore rechi20, pakati akasiyana evanhu mapoka, dzakanga inotungamirirwa ari Bolsheviks vavo vavengi. Chinangwa mativi - akandosungawo hurumende simba. Saka kure hapana vabvumirana pamusoro musi kwehondo muRussia. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanoti kuna October 1917, vamwe - muchirimo-zhizha '18.

Zvokukura hondo yevagari Russia:

1. Chikamu chokutanga hondo yakatanga muna May uye November '18 nokuumbwa nzvimbo racho pamusoro Bolsheviks. Muna February, muna Petrograd (zvino St. Petersburg) uye Moscow SRs ehondo Cadets uye Mensheviks akasikwa "Russian Revival Union". Muna March, paiva "yokudzivirirwa Union Worusununguko uye Motherland" akatungamirirwa B. V. Savinkova. Anti-Bolshevik kufamba rakapararira pakati Cossacks. On wokumaodzanyemba kwayo Urals I vakananga A. I. Dutov uye Kuban uye Don - Gene. PN Krasnov. Muna North Caucasus aumbwa Volunteer Army inotungamirirwa L. G. Kornilova uye M. V. Alekseeva, uyo akazova hwaro White kufamba. With vatsigire German hurumende Gene yakaiswa muUkraine. Krasnov.

From May 1918 rakanga kuitwa mutemo vanonzi Russian "hondo communism." Muna September, nyika yakatanga mutemo kuti 'kutyisa dzvuku " uye" kutya chena. "

Muna March iroro yokuFrance mauto, United States uye England kunge yacho muna Murmansk, Japanese mauto - muna Vladivostok, Germany dzatora ndima Ukraine, muCrimea uye chikamu North eCaucasus. Muna May, muna Urals, iyo Volga nharaunda uye Siberia akatanga kutaura Anti-Soviet Czechoslovak mauto, rwaiumbwa akawanda vaimbova vasungwa vehondo. Mugumisiro nezvokumukira ichi chaiva sapakuparadzwa simba yeSoviet kuSiberia uye Urals, uye haizopereri paumbwe hurumende itsva Mensheviks uye Socialist-kuipandukira uye Cadets.

July 17 akapfurwa pasina mhuri kutongwa youmambo.

In kuwa '18 Czechoslovak mauto asvika Volga River. Under murayiro Vatsetis (kubva July 19 - Kamenev) pamusoro pavo zvakanzi akaumba Eastern Front, uyo akakwanisa kurova Czechs kuti vabate Samara, Kazan uye Simbirsk. Danho rokutanga yakapedzwa kudzorerwa simba Soviet muna Urals uye Volga nharaunda.

2. nzendo hondo yevagari: yechipiri. Anoumba pakati yemuna munyika, sangano pamusoro Bolsheviks yaiva kwayo apogee.

November 1918 - AV Kolchak akakunda Directory uye anovamba uto udzvinyiriri. Anozivisa pachake "Mutongi Russia zvose." Ipapo Denikin vakabatana North Caucasus uye Kuban uye Don Volunteer Army panguva VSYUR kuti muna July 1919 paitova vanopfuura 160 000 vanhu. hondo iyi, achitungamirirwa Denikin muna March '19 inobudisa Donbass. Kuchamhembe munyika achibatsirwa yacho Entente inotungamirwa General E. K. Millera akaumba nehondo, NN Yudenich ari kufanogadzirira kufora pamusoro Petrograd, uye muna Ukraine vatsigiri Petliura rinobatanidza ayo rusununguko. Zvirongwa vatungamiriri ava akarova kuti hurumende yeSoviet, izvo vakanga vasingakwanisi kushandisa nokuda kukwikwidzana uye kusawirirana.

In wechipiri Danho dziri kuwedzera rapanzvimbo Kupindira, ari kushaya revarwi kubva dzimwe nyika kuti nharaunda weRussia. Muna April-August '19 wakasuduruka US mauto, England, Germany uye France.

3. nzendo Civil War: wechitatu (March 1919 -1920 gg.). nguva ino iri yairwirwa hondo, umo zvakava pachena kuti kukunda iri kutamburira kuti simba, kuti Bolsheviks akunda.

In November '18 anotanga ane inogumbura rinotungamirirwa Kolchak. December 25 Varwi vake achiitei Perm, uye 31 chete romwedzi mberi kwavo rakaguma. In March '19 Kolchak mauto rinotanga kunogumbura kurutivi Volga, zvinotora Ufa, achiuya Samara uye Simbirsk. In April '19 Eastern Front mauto akamurambidza, uye muzhizha kuSiberia kuraswa. Kusagutsikana ichi Mutemo guerillas kuronga kupandukira. Pakutanga '20 Kolchak vapfurwa.

Muna May '19, pasi murayiro Yudenich rinotanga ane inogumbura musi Petrograd, izvo chinomisa Red Army. Muna October, mauto vakasundidzira Yudenich muEstonia uye imomo zvombo.

Muna July 1919 Ukraine rinoburitsa Denikin uye rinotanga imwe inogumbura musi Moscow. Mauto vake September rinoburitsa Eagle, Kursk uye Voronezh. Mukutanga 1920, mauto Denikin yakanga yaputswa, uye Bolshevik simba iri kumaodzanyemba nyika yakadzorerwa.

4. chokupedzisira. hondo yevagari (wakaitwa muna 1920 - 1922.).

In April 1920 Wrangel akasarudza "mutongi wenyika yose kumaodzanyemba kweRussia." Anoumba munhu "hondo Russian", iro anotanga kunogumbura pamusoro Donbass. Muna October, varwi Wrangel akakunda uye shure kuCrimea. The kukundwa Wrangel kwakaratidza kuguma hondo, kunyange zvazvo muhomwe kurwisa vakasara pamuganhu mudunhu Russia.

Nokurasikirwa Russian mu nzendo hondo yevagari rakakura. Vagari kunoderedza vanhu mamiriyoni 12, uye zvachose kwoupfumi kukuvara yairema anopfuura mabhiriyoni 50. Rubles.