Evanhu Russian - mubatwa nhoroondo nenyonganyonga ezvinhu enyika

Sezvo vakawanda mazhinji kunyika Europe, kukura evanhu ari nesayenzi muRussia kwakatanga pakati XIX remakore. Chirango ichi ndicho sedavi inodzidza mitemo kushanda kwenzanga uye ayo marongerwo. Zvisinei, ayo budiriro munyika yedu yakawanda kutsunga nhoroondo nenyonganyonga ezvinhu enyika panguva imwe nguva.

Pre-echimurenga nguva

Yokutanga evanhu Russian zvinofanira pamwero mukuru anga rakafuridzirwa mazano masayendisiti Western. Chekutanga Auguste Comte, Georga Zimmelya uye Emilya Dyurkgeyma. Zvisinei, mudzimai kwezvakatipoteredza, sayenzi iyi awana rinokosha chaizvo hunhu. On yomunharaunda ivhu dambudziko rayo guru raiva National pfungwa.

Panguva iyoyo evanhu Russian ndakasika vakawanda yenhamo nokuda nyika (uye pamwe dzakakurumbira kunyange nhasi) pfungwa: Slavophilism, Westernism, uye zvichingodaro. Ipapo chidzoke kwemapoka maviri kuti vatsigire pfungwa iyi, rinorondedzerwa ari Sociological pfungwa munyika iri pakati XIX remakore. Slavophiles vaiva nechokwadi chokuti nhau ezvinhu kuRussia vakaumba pano zvachose akasiyana evanhu muviri, saka kudiwa mberi akazvimirira kukura uye Kurambwa pfungwa European nzira, uye zvakatonyanya kudaro kubva kusangana. evanhu Russian Westernising manzwiro aionekwa Russia sechikamu nevakawanda European nebudiriro uye kundodana kuparadzana nhengo tsika, uyewo kunokurumidza kusangana mu European mhuri.

Kunopera ari XIX remakore uye pakutanga ari XX remakore Russian yesayenzi pfungwa zvakanakisisa nzira subjectivism. Munguva Russian chokwadi kuti kudzidzisa kunosanganisira kukwanisa woga yekudyidzana kukanganisa nzira nhoroondo pachavo, pasinei nemitemo chinangwa mumagariro uye nhoroondo kukura. Yakakurumbira evanhu Russian pre-echimurenga kumwedzi: N. Danilevsky, Nikolai Chernyshevsky, L. Mechnikov, P. Lavrov nevamwe.

Sociological nesayenzi muSoviet Union

Mugore rokutanga post-echimurenga gumi, pakanga pachine chaizvo yakawanda rusununguko nokuda kukura Sociological pfungwa. The bato kunetseka mumapoka zvemukati uye hondo maonero sei nzira anofanira kukurukura mamiriro. Science nzanga iyi, zvinonzi kuzivikanwa uye kunyange kutsigira pane kushandiswa evanhu Russian.

Saka, muna Petrograd uye Yaroslavl mumayunivhesiti vakatourayiwa akasika dhipatimendi. Muna 1919, ivo Institute wemagariro evanhu rakaumbwa munyika, rakabudiswa akakodzera mabhuku. Zvisinei, achigura kure, zvikuru vakasununguka-wokudhinda pasi uye chikatsiviwa Marxist yokusvika nokudzidza kwenzanga.

Munguva 1930s, evanhu anoita zviri mukunyadziswa wehurumende, kuva ekunyebera sayenzi kwairi. A kuedza itsva ndiponesezve Ndichitya achitora evanhu Russian remakore rechi20 yechipiri hafu, kana ari Kuma1960 zvakanzi hwakakanganiswa budiriro mberi munyika chokuita sayenzi - uzivi uye zvoupfumi. Vamwe kuziva sayenzi mumagariro kukura chete Zvinovhiringidza 1970-1980 wacho, uye pamwe kugadzirisa uye anoita rusununguko. Zvisinei, mari pokuwa ehurumende vakauya evanhu, uyewo sayenzi mamwe akawanda, kwemakore kusvika standstill.