Operation "Trappers". Sezvo Second World War

Makore makumi manomwe apfuura, nyika yedu aenda kuburikidza kupfuura inotyisa uye kunoparadza nguva munhoroondo yemazuva ano, kwave nokusingaperi mararamiro kukura Russia nokutapwa vanhu Russian. Asi nokuti hondo yenyika yakanga yatanga zvishoma apfuura, muna 1939, apo hurumende yeNazi akasarudza pasina achinyevera kunyengera varwise Poland. Chiitiko ichi anonzi pakutanga Second World War.

The inogara Mauto

Muna 1939, rimwe kugadzikana chaizvo dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu kwakasimbiswa muEurope: mweya hondo raiva rakayangarara kwese, asi kusvikira pakuguma pakutanga rakananga kurwa munhu akatenda kubva kuGermany. Uyezve, vakawanda vanhu England uye France, nyika dziri Anti-hwechiFascist mubatanidzwa, vaikurudzira kuti rugare mhinduro makakatanwa German.

Asi zvirongwa Wehrmacht hazvimbokundikani zvaisanganisira chero nedzenyu kubvumirana, zviito zvose muGermany kubva pakutanga Vaifunga kufanogadzirira, uye rugare Nhaurirano uye zvibvumirano vakanga inokosha danho kuburikidza achitsausa kuteerera vaimupikisa.

urongwa nevaNazi

Makore chete gare gare, vanhu akakwanisa kunzwisisa kuti Second World War uye kuti aiva chikonzero, nokuti chiitiko ichi zvakaita kuti rearrangement zvakakwana simba muEurope yose.

Nokusvika vaNazi simba muGermany kukoshesa vakanga zvainanga pazvinangwa oga - kubvumirwa German rudzi pamusoro vamwe uye chete nesimba. Makore mashoma vachishingaira unoponesa upfumi munyika akaenda zveEl vemauto zvakaoma, uye chizvarwa chevechiduku yakura uye ndakarerwa mweya chete nebasa vokuGermany pasi.

prehistory

Pakazosvika 1939, Germany yakanga asvika kumbonyanya yakakwirira azvipire kukura, uye danho rokutanga yechiFascist hurumende yaiva pfungwa kuwedzera "mhenyu nzvimbo" tichiregeredza pamusoro pokurwa iri kumabvazuva Europe. Nemhaka romunhu uye kufunga mutemo, Hitler akakwanisa nechokwadi nemisoro France uye England kuti haana kuronga kuti nokukurumidza kuwedzera kurwa Europe mhosva chero nyika.

Naizvozvo, Invasion kwePoland akatanga Chamberlain uye France musoro mhando kushamisika, muEurope kusvikira ichangopfuura, achitarisira kuti kubudirira nedzenyu Nhaurirano.

The pamutemo chikonzero

Pakati Germany uye Poland vagara yakawiriranwa miganhu kutaura, kusanganisira pamusoro dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica. Asi chikuru kurwisana payakatanga kunhivi inoenda kuGungwa reBaltic neguta Danzig, icho vokuGermany vagara vakaedza kunomhangara. Hitler uye Ribbentrop akaramba kakawanda pasina muPoland kuti nokuzvidira pamutemo nezviremera German, kutyisidzira Warsaw Hondo uye haizopereri weboka nyika sezvo vachangosvika kuitwa Czechoslovakia.

Nyevero haana kushanda, Poland aramba chero pamwe chete nevaNazi. Asi hazvina kukanganisa boka racho aHitler: mutongo madenderedzwa ari Wehrmacht akanga yambokurukurwa uye akagadzirira kushandisa idzva padanho hasha basa - Operation "Trappers".

nzira Nazi

anoparadzirwa Nazi achishingaira neakangwara mashoko pamusoro waini Poland kuti afunge kukonana, uye mhaka nenharo ainzi kuti Warsaw aramba kudzokera yokuGermany Free muGuta Danzig.

Plan "Trappers" akapa nokukurumidza uye anongoda vasingateereri kubatwa nharaunda yose, kuparadzwa kwezvivako uye kugadzwa hurumende yake. For zvinangwa izvi zvakanga akaronga kushandisa avhiyesheni, vaifamba uye tangi nemauto, uyewo chaiyo Unit, riri basa kutsausa vokuPoland vemauto pamusoro zvebasa huru mauto eGermany.

Plan Germany yakarwisa Poland aiva kuteerera oudzame: hondo Wehrmacht vanofanira andikomberedze chikuru ehondo muvengi kubva kumaodzanyemba uye kwete kumupa nguva yokuti kuunganidza uye nekutumirwa kwemauto huru mauto. Hitler aitarisira kuti Britain uye France asingadi angatsunga kuenda kuhondo, sezvo vakanga aparidze ambosaina rugare chibvumirano, asi zvisinei envisaged mukana nokuvhura wechipiri mberi, uye akaisa mauto pasi General B. Leeb kurinda kumuganhu wokumavirira pamwe France, Belgium uye Netherlands.

Nechido mapato hondo

Akapiwa mamiriro upfumi uye muchiuto panguva kurasa Germany / Poland muna 1939, mugumisiro yeNazi kushanda chaizvo oneka. AHitler hondo nekure kupfuura anokumhan'arira mukugadzirwa michina. Uyezve, vanhu vokuGermany vakakwanisa kuronga kukurumidza uye vabudirire kuunganidza iyo Warsaw kusvikira pakuguma kwakanga kwava chinhu chinozivikanwa.

hondo Polish akaderera zvikuru nokuwanda kune imwe kubva pakutanga hurumende akanga asarudza pamusoro nekutumirwa kwemauto mauto pamwe kumuganhu ari nzvimbo nokururamisira guru. kuparadzirwa yakafara kwakadaro vakashaisa hondo, uye akariita kupfuura nyore simba uye hombe nokurova vavengi.

Chikonzero kurwisa

Kubva pakutanga, "Trappers" mashandiro vaisanganisira tsamwisa matanho zvakagadzirirwa kukonzera utsinye pamusoro chikamu kwePoland. Hitler akaudza vake vehondo kuti nokukurumidza kupiwa chikonzero chakanaka yatanga ruvengo, uye kana richava anobata - hazvina basa, nekuti vakundi havasi kutongwa.

August 31, 1939 boka vasori German se Polish kurovedzera yaaigara mutaundi Gleiwitz yeredhiyo, akatora kwepfuti shoma akati anoparadzirwa rugwaro mumutauro wePolish pamusoro Germany. Vakabva akapfura vashoma vanhu vakauya navo. Gare gare zvinoitika kuti vakanga vakapfeka sezvo nematsotsi German.

kubvuta

Achipindura "utsinye" riri chikamu Warsaw ari mangwanani September 1 1939 , Ndege German akarova akawanda Kupwanya inovhuvhuta ichienda muchiuto kwezvivako kuPoland, gare gare mukudenha kwacho ngarava uye nyika mauto yakatanga hombe tsamwisa yose kumuganhu.

Operation "Trappers" vanotanga Musi ichaongororwa sezvo zuva Second World War wokutanga, akapa kuparadzwa nokukurumidza rose avhiyesheni hurongwa wokuPoland, saka kurwisa okutanga dzaiitwa munyika yacho dzendege. Nechekare pakutanga ruvengo hurumende Polish anonzwisisa kusabatsira hondo, asi kuchine tariro kubatsira Anti-hwechiFascist mubatanidzwa, saka kuti mupomerwi prodolazhalas.

Chokwadi zviitiko

Pasinei kudenha kwevaNazi, aikwikwidza mauto akanga vanotyisa nemishonga. Events muPoland muna September 1939 zvinopindura semheni; pashure pokuparadzwa Air Warsaw, Hitler kutendera mukova tangi mauto. The muvengi haana kugadzirira dzinga akangokudenha, kunyanya mapani nzvimbo vakabatsira kukurumidza mberi vaNazi munyika.

September 3, Britain uye France kurwa neGermany, uye, vanofadza wokuPoland, nyika aifanira pakarepo kupindira mukurwa. French mauto, kunyange vakayambuka muganhu, asi akatosvika pakarepo wakasuduruka. Saka vatsigiri antifascist mubatanidzwa achisuwa chete nguva apo kupindira aigona kunyange kumisa kufambira mberi nevaNazi.

The pamuedzo Hondo

Border hondo muna Pomerania uye muSilesia ndokuguma ari kukundwa kwakakwana uye shure hwehondo wePolish. Plan "Trappers" chose wakarurama pachake: mukati memazuva mashanu kutanga ruvengo vokuGermany wakaunganidza akasununguka nzira Warsaw. Kumadzimai kurwiswa SS akavabvumira kugoverana muuto Polish pamusoro mashomanana akapararira zvidimbu kuti haana chokuita pakati, kwete hwezvekuita.

The vachirwisana pedo Warsaw, ivo nevanozvitsigira vairwa noumhare uye, pasinei chinokosha ukuru mauto, mazuva mashoma vakaramba mupomerwi. Asi kudivi reGermany akashandisa kunoparadza kurwisa kubva mumhepo, vakanga yadonhedzera kupfuura zviuru zvishanu mabhomba, pashure iro guta guru mapfumo.

kukundwa

Operation "Trappers" kwaita kuti kuparara hondo Polish wakakwana. Nechekare kubudikidza September 17, vakawanda Polish vemauto dzakabatana mapfumo kana vakasungwa. Asi zvikuru kwazvo vachirwisana kusvikira October. vemauto Polish aida kuputsa German kuzvidzivirira uye uende Romania, apo akanga aronga kuronga muzinda kurwisa uye vanomirira rubatsiro kubva vatsigiri.

Kuwedzerwa zvinhu pakatanga mauto eSoviet, apo Stalin vaiona kunyange hurumende German somubetseri, tisingabatanidzi nyika mbiri dzaibatanidzwa chokusarwisana chibvumirano, saka kuti mauto eSoviet akapinda nyika Polish pasi chokumupomera kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu kufoira inoti. Direct Kupinda of Soviet Union muna wePolish-German makakatanwa asina akaratidza, nguva iyi Kremlin haana vaisarudza kutora rokumirira nzvimbo.

Kana England kana France havana kukurumidza kutanga mauto avo, kuti pamwe kuwa Warsaw, uye gare gare, uye mamwe maguta makuru enyika yakazvimirira mamiriro muPoland havasisipo. Mumwedzi yakatevera nayo mberi mumwe remagandanga hondo, uye vamwe akakundwa mauto akaramba kurwa atova nemauto Anti-yechiFascist mubatanidzwa.

Zvingaitwa Britain uye France

Kutaura chokwadi, sezvo Second World War yakatanga, uye, zvakakosha, akaramba, kunounza mugove mhosva pakati dzairwisa - Britain uye France. The Polish mashandiro chaiva rokutanga Wehrmacht kuti kuedza kuti vabate ndima nemauto nzira, saka Hitler akanga aita zvose zvinobvira vazvidzivirire kubva kuvhurika yechipiri mberi panyaya kupinda muhondo nyika dzokuEurope.

With hurumende Britain uye France dzakasaina chibvumirano pane asiri utsinye uye uto vaiva vepamusoro Germany vaidavira kuti kunyange pasi vanoshorwa kukura Chamberlain haana kuda kupindira ikozvino. Uye zvakaitika: batana nyika havana kugadzirira Polish kushanda Hitler uye mashoma kunonoka chisarudzo pamusoro yapinda muhondo. 3 chete September Britain pamutemo akapinda kurwisa fascism, uye shure kwake, uye France, Australia, African Union uye Canada. US kune imwe pfungwa kwatakarerekera.

The yapinda muhondo Germany kumbonyatsoziva pamwe humanist chido chokubatsira vokuPoland vanhu, uye Britain uye France zvakakomba nehanya kukura simba Hitler uye vakatya pakutanga kuti kuvimbika munyika dzavo.

zvabuda

Mamiriyoni akafa, mazana maguta akaparadzwa, perekroennye nemiganhu uye mabhora ose simba - izvi zvose akaunzira nawo Second World War. Germany yokurwiswa kwakaitwa Poland wainge wosvika chokwadi. With veMubatanidzwa nevaNazi mavambo vaimbopota rakanga chete nyaya nguva. Chiitiko chokutanga rinokunda hondo vakaenda kwazvo, weNazi mamiriro yekudyidzana rakawedzerwa nemiganhu yayo, annexing guta Lodz, Poznan, Pomeranian, Silesian, uye chikamu Warsaw Kielce nyika.

Kubvuta ravo kukunda zvidimbu vakundikana uye dzimwe nyika, Soviet Union vakadzokera Western Ukraine uye Belarus, Slovakia - dzimwe nzvimbo kare vakaenda Poland pasi Versailles runyararo, uye Lithuania akatangazve Vilnius nharaunda.

Nechisimba Poland, zvainanga yokuparadzwa rusununguko mamiriro, weboka mundima uye kutenderwa kutendeseka ayo ave simba guru, zvakashanda kuti zvinangwa zvose. Pashure mukukunda Germany kamwe zvakare akaedza takanga tisisanakidzwi England uye France, tichivapa rugare, asi munyika kuramba kupindura pavamire uye vakatanga hurongwa tinorwisana Kuedzwa hwechiKomonisiti.