Gunboats "Korean", "Sivush", "Beaver", "Gilyak", "Hivinets", "akashinga", "Usyskin" vanodhirowa dzavo uye mhando

Gunboat (gunboats gunboat) riri maneuverable warship, iyo inobudisa zvombo simba. Mwari akaronga kuti kuitisa kurwisana kuvhiyiwa iri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munzvimbo, Makungwa nenzizi. Zvinowanzoshandiswa kudzivirira zvengarava.

Pakuonekwa gunboats

MuRussia, yakawanda munyanza, nzizi uye muganhu refu isina kudzika yegungwa. Naizvozvo, kuvakwa gunboats anogona kunzi chinyakare, nekuti vamwe warships vakatadza kuitisa mabasa ezvinhu akadaro. Zvisinei, asati Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga haana vakaronga replenishment. At 1917 gunboats akanga 11 chete, vamwe vakanga raparurwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19.

Nokuti vakawanda gunboats izvi Civil War Wakapedzisira. It vakapona 2 chete gunboats - "Brave" uye "Hivinets". Naizvozvo, vagadziri akavatora sepokutangira kugadzirwa zvakawanda yemhando atirari ngarava.

"Akashinga" - mukuru chikepe, yaiva chikamu chenhaka yamambo. MuGungwa reBaltic yava nemakore 63. Pakutanga, unoshandiswa vakapakata pfuti nhatu (maviri 203 mm uye mumwe - 152 mm). Zvisinei, muna 1916 nayo upgraded. Zvino kwakanga pfuti shanu.

"Hivinets" akasikwa sechipatara iri ari Gulf, saka firepower inobva pfuti mbiri chete 120 mm. Asi chikepe ichi vaiva vasununguka nderemagariro.

Pashure 1917, magwa ose havachasungirwi munyaya pagadzirwe itsva pamusana seane uchenjeri zera.

mhando

Kana rengarava akaona simba uye kutsungirira gunboats, kwakasarudzwa kuvaka kwavari "zvinodiwa kuFar East." Uye pasinei nokuti muzviitiko itsva havasi akarayira pamberi hondo. The prototypes vokutanga vaiva "vakashinga" uye "Hivinets".

Mushure mazuvaano chakatangwa vanodhirowa muchikepe mhando "Gilyak". Zvisinei, vakanga simba zvikuru, asi vagadziri vakaedza kusimbisa parameters akadai cruising siyana. Asi kuita kudaro. Sezvo pakanga pasina yepamusoro zvombo, gunboat haana kuramba kuvaka, uyewo kushandiswa.

Kunewo "Ardahan" uye "Kara". Siyana zviri izvi kanlodok nhema pakushandisa Diesel simba zvinomera. Petroleum zvigadzirwa panguva vaiva kupfuura iripo mafuta mifananidzo, saka "Ardahan" uye "Cara" vakanga mutengo-kunobudirira.

Kutanga kubva 1910, Marine Department akasarudza pamusoro pamwero mukuru mazuvaano. Uye ichi ndicho apo ruzhinji gunboats kare kugadzirira kanda, kuitisa yetsiva kushandiswa. Chisarudzo chakaitwa kusimbisa kudzivirirwa uye atirari. izvi zvose kunokanganisa gwaro. Saka, anopfuura hafu kanlodok vakaenda pedutu. Izvi mhando inonzi "Buryat".

Saka, yemashoko gunboats nguva achinja, vaisanganisa nokuda ano mhando zvombo uye masvingo. Hakuna warship, izvo vaizoumba kwavari zvikabva yeRussian Empire uye chipo.

Ngano "Korean"

Gunboat "Korean" rinoshandiswa kuFar East kuti kudzvinyirira ari "Boxer Kupandukira". Yaiva chikamu dzakawanda rengarava. Panguva hondo gunboat akapiwa kukuvara zvakakura, vakakuvadzwa uye vakaurayiwa.

Pamberi Russian-Japanese War gunboat "Korean" rakashandurirwa mumutauro Korean chiteshi Chemulpo. Pamwe chete vakaenda yokutanga chinzvimbo ngarawa "Varyag". February 8 chikepe rikarira akarayirwa kuenda Port Arthur pamwe nedzenyu Dzinofadza Dzakaitika Kwakasiyana. Zvisinei, pachiteshi akarwiswa, zvichiguma munzira "Korean" yakavharwa. Mukuru akasarudza kudzokera, pashure iyo kuvaparadzi muvengi kurwiswa pamwe torpedoes. Kunyange zvazvo iye zvino isu vaiona mukana kuti Japanese rengarava chete simulated.

Nokuda Avangard kurwisa "Korean" unobereka kwepfuti maviri. Ndivo wokutanga muhondo yeRussia-Japanese.

Maererano chirongwa "Korean" gunboats zhinji dzakavakwa, izvo zvinoshandiswa dzazvino.

"Varyag" uye "Korean": kurwisana nzira yenyu

Muna 1904, masikati, akadzivirira sevatsvaki vemapuranga "Varyag" uye gunboat "Korean" akaenda kundorwa weJapanese dzechikwata urwo rwakatora inenge awa. Against warships maviri aiita yose Japanese rengarava. Gunboat akatora chikamu mune chokupedzisira. pakurwa, tichiratidza Avangard kurwisa. An awa pashure kutanga ngarawa hondo yakatanga taramuka, uye gunboat "Korean" akavharwa kwake.

Munguva kunorwa muvengi 52 anoshongwa vakagumurwa. Asi izvi hazvina kuchengetwa zvachose kutadzirwa kana kurasikirwa kubva gunboat. Sezvo "Korean" aiva warship pamwe atirari zvombo simba, kubatwa kwake zvakanga zvisingaiti kudzivisa. Naizvozvo Chemulpo bvuta kwakasarudzwa kuti kuridza naro. Boat vashandi vakatamira mune ngarawa French "Pascal". Nokukurumidza akauya vafambisi kuRussia.

Crews, uyo akatungamirira hondo, vakanga paakavapa Medals uye zvinoratidza musiyano. Uyewo, mumwe menduru chaiyo yakatangwa rukudzo pavo. Saka ngarawa uye gunboat akaita kare.

Young gunboat "Hivinets"

Gunboat "Hivinets" aiva gotwe mumiriri atirari ngarava tsarist nguva. Rakanga rakagadzirirwa panopindwa kuBaltic Fleet. Chikepe iri seaworthy, asi ayo kushandiswa uye rwizi ezvinhu. Uye iye noushingi hunobatsira rwakashata ezvinhu.

Gunboat "Hivinets" akanga arayira mumakore 1904-1914, apo vakatanga nokusimbaradza reRussia rengarava. Zvisinei, muenzaniso imene yave ichiiswa gore 1898. Zvinosuruvarisa, pashure nokubudiswa muenzaniso hakuna mazuvaano haana chii chakaita rakamanikana dzichipfekeka.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa nesimba uye kutsungirira gunboats. Chokwadi chokuti huchadzivisa hondo dzakadaro, apo vakafa mumwe, wechiduku atirari warships. Zvichida ndokusaka zvakaita kare senzira kumumvuri pakuvaka zvikepe.

Umhare "Sivush"

Mune Gulf of Riga, ari gunboat "Sivush" akafa heroically muhondo chete battleships German. Ndokusaka nerimwe gore musi September 9th chinozunguzirwa kutora akasiyana-siyana mavara uye nezvishongo kubva Riga uye vokuRussia.

August 19, 1915 Imperial Navy rakabata battleships German. Kusvikira pakuguma haina kuzivikanwa chaizvo zvakaitika mumazuva iwayo, uye refu kuti vashandi. Asi hondo pedyo nechiwi Kihnu akaita dzechikwata Germany kurega zvimwe kurwisa muGulf of Riga, uyewo kubhomba ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa masvingo. Iri raiva chinangwa chikuru pamusoro kuzopamba Germany rengarava.

Gunboat "Sivush" ipapo akaponesa Riga parufu uye pakuparadzwa. Nomutengo Feat yakadaro hwakaparadzwa muchikepe, uyewo yose rakarira. Nepo gunboat kunyange kunzi reBaltic "Varyag" aiva mukuru heroism pakati vafambisi.

The Sand hurungudo "Beaver"

Gunboat "Beaver" rinoreva Gilyaki mhando. Motokari vakadaro yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira Amur River kusvika Khabarovsk. In yayo dzakaderera kunosvika vaiva vashoma mapoka avarwi, uye vanofanira atirari rutsigiro akanga zvakagoverwa. Nekuti kwaiva vashoma zvinhu, chikepe magadzirirwo kwaibva hombe cruising siyana uye kuzvionera. Zvisinei seaworthiness pamaitiro rakaratidza kuva shoma zvikuru.

Kukosha gunboats iyi mhando kwave usingashandi kubvira kunorwa haana kuteerera zvikuru apo afunge. Panguva World War First aishandiswa sezvo nokushambira zvigadziko. Designs uye prototypes Chokwadi, havana. Future zvikepe wokurera nemagwa izvi kurwa chete mishoni.

"Beaver" rakaumbwa muna 1906, papera gore rakanga akatura mumvura. Muna 1908, kuti gunboat vakapinda Russian rengarava. Over nhoroondo kwayo wakashanyira vokuGermany. It akabatwa muna 1918 uye vagotendeuka kuva kushambira workshop. Zvegore, igwa akachinjirwa Estonia. Kunyange zvazvo zvakanga kunze whack, asi nhamba dzechikwata munyika ino.

Gunboat akashanda kwemakore 21, muna 1927 akatumirwa kuti scrapped.

River (nyanza) uye marina gunboats

Pasinei functionality huru, anenge ose gunboats zvaishandiswa kurova pa onshore zvivako. Chinangwa kurwiswa kwakadaro kuva kudzvinyirira simba moto muvengi, uyewo kuderedza manpower. Kana chikepe yakaramba yepakarepo pedyo ayo pamhenderekedzo, apo basa racho ndiko kudzivirira mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zvivako, kudzivirirwa pamuvengi warships.

Kune gungwa uye rwizi gunboats. musiyano wavo chikuru ndicho uremu. Wekutanga kusvika zvavo vari matani 3000, wechipiri - muna 1500. Chokwadi, inobva zita, zvine musoro kufunga kuti chii nzvimbo ichashandiswa gunboats.

Functionality uye kushandiswa gunboats

Gunboats yakanyanyobatsira dzichipfekeka musiyano wezvinyorwa atirari nemotokari. Magadzirirwo kunoita kushandisa kwavo pakuvhiya zvechiuto ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vematunhu, nzizi uye pedyo rezvitsuwa navaduku matombo zvitsuwa.

Gunboats aigona kuita zvinotevera mabasa:

1. Defence mahombekombe, zviteshi, estuaries
2. kumhara
3. Support mauto pamahombekombe
4. The kumhara wake vachirwisa muvengi kumhara
5. Rokuchenesa mabasa akadai chokuendesa zvinhu

Zvichienderana apo zvichaitwa kushandiswa gunship, magadzirirwo ayo anogona dzaisiyana, zvivako chaiwo acho amisa. Kune unarmored, bronepalubnye uye zvikepe warrior. Kakawanda vaishandisa kusarudza wechipiri nokuti rinopa idziviriro hwakanyatsorwisa zvakanaka, asi aiva pasi uremu, ine kunobatsirawo agility.

The chikuru zvechadenga gunboats

Pachishandiswa unhu, vakatsunga apo gunboat kushandiswa. Pane huru parameters matatu:

1. Musha. Ngarava dzaigona kuenda kumvura kudzivirirwa uye mufambiro remapazi zvechiuto mumakungwa kana nomunzizi uye madhamu.
2. Speed. Zviri 3-15 nokusunungura mapfundo. Nokukurumidza kunoenderana worudzii zvakagadzirwa hwakapiwa gunboat. Rinogona kuva rakanaka, warrior bedzi vanotambura dzoga, uyewo zvachose. Chokwadi, anowedzera kwayo uremu, izvo isakarurama hunobata kumhanya wekushandisa.
3. Chombo.

Sezvo gunboats vaiva warships, pfuti vakapiwa rebei kutarisirwa. Vaigona hunopiwa pamwe 1-4 zviitiko kwepfuti huru caliber (203-356 mm). Izvi kusvika nepurani yave ichiiswa zvomumvura gunboats. zvikepe River kazhinji vakanga vakapakata svikiro-caliber pfuti (76-170).

Uyewo, zvichienderana chikumbiro nechepamusoro anogona kuiswa otomatiki pfuti "pamusoro-soro" uye zvigwagwagwa. Wokupedzisira zvakavakwa apo neapo nokuda kwavo pfupi siyana.

mhedziso

Saka, hazvibviri kuwana akafanana gunboats maviri. Somuenzaniso mumwe yazvo zvakanaka, takaberekwa tine ayo akasiyana functionality. History zvinoratidza kuti gunboats zhinji Russian aigona oga dzivisai dzechikwata yose. budiriro iyi kwete chete yakananga zvikepe zvechiuto uye dzavo vagadziri, asi vashandi. Kazhinji, chete ushingi hwake yadzikira mugumisiro pakurwa kwavo nyasha.