US-Mexican War, makore 1846-1848. Yaizotangira ruvengo, vatungamiri, nharo nendima

The US hondo uye Mexico nemhaka dzichipesana Texas kwakatungamirira chokuti America kuda Texas kwete chete, asiwo kwayo Southwest yose ano. Mushandirapamwe yakaitwa pamusoro fronts akawanda uye rakayeukwa kusingaenzaniswi partisan.

Gakava pamusoro Texas

In pakati pezana XIX remakore, yeNyika Itsva vatambure chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuti nharaunda yacho yehondo. The ropa rakatanga nokuda kuti kurwisana pakati zvido USA uye Mexico. Countries haagoni kugovera Texas. Muna 1836, nharaunda iyi akarega Mexico, uye akazivisa rusununguko yayo (kwete aiziva rusununguko Mexico uye vaiona Republic nharaunda Ava vanopandukira, idzo kwekanguva vakatapa separatists).

Texas, Zvichakadai, akatanga kusimbisa nevanhu United States. Mexican-American Hondo yakavapo nokuda Washington achida kubatana muRepublic inozviitira. Gwaro rino vaizviti democrats. Muna 1844, US President akava mumiriri wavo Dzheyms Polk. In the American muvanhu kuti annexation of Texas-izwi kurapwa nenzira mbiri. Kudivi rimwe, izvozvo angada kugara rokurima rwezasi, uye pamusoro mumwe - izvi inoshora kuchamhembe maindasitiri inoti, vakanga vari kunetsana pamwe kumaodzanyemba nevaranda.

pekusadziviririka hondo

Pasinei zvose kupokanidzana nharo ndima achiri yakava chikamu United States. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1845 apo Texas yakava 28th mamiriro yezvinotaurwa. Mexico achiri anofunga Republic chikamu nharaunda yayo, uye saka hurumende yacho zvakasimba mhosva chisarudzo Washington. Relations pakati penyika mbiri dzakaderera zvikuru. Zvinhu zvakanga pedyo kutsoropodza.

Muhondo akaedza kupindira France neBritain. Masimba maviri European aiziva yakazvimirira Republic of Texas uye akaonga accession yayo kuUnited States sezvo chingapedza mambo mamiriro. Achitungamirirwa nezvavanofunga izvi, muParis uye London akadana Mexico haarambi kududzira hondo iri US. Zvisinei, zvakashaya muchero.

Kukundikana nezvibvumirano

Chikonzero kumuganhu US-Mexico rava kurwa. Nokuda dzichipesana Texas chinzvimbo munyika vasingagoni kubvumirana muridzi iyo ndima. Mexico inokurukura kumwe saksanpähkinöitä River, uye US - the Rio Grande. Gakava akaramba zvisingagadziriswi apo Muchirimo 1845, mauto American akapinda Texas. Mugungwa Vakanga vakabata noungwaru zvigadzirwa yacho dzechikwata.

Hurumende US kugadzirira kuuya pamushandirapamwe iri kwadzinoita kunowedzera vanzurudzo. Society vakanyangira Kusaona ropa. Nokuti mhuka dzakanga yakatangwa hurukuro kutenga US Mexican nyika. States aronga uwandu siyana mukutsinhana munharaunda kumadokero Texas. Yaiva California ($ 25 miriyoni) uye New Mexico (5 miriyoni). Panyaya iyi, nharo nyika pakati Rio Grande uye saksanpähkinöitä Free zvava Texas. The chakanga akarambwa.

The political ezvinhu Mexico

Pausiku hondo, Mexico kwakambova kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika. Muna 1846, munyika mutungamiri mana nguva vakachinja katanhatu - Gurukota Defence gumi - Gurukota Finance. Leapfrog ichaitika pasi ezvinhu yokukwegura Anti-American pfungwa. Veruzhinji yakatogadzirwa zvikuru nyika. Ani naani vachishuva kuva simba uye rinomirira murunyararo kugarwa yokurwisana pamwe United States, akava kamwechete adzingwa.

Kana hurumende Inotaurwa yakaumbwa, Kunoumbwa vezvourudzi, vakaenda mberi kusembura ukama chete kuchamhembe muvakidzani. New negwaro yakataura pachena dzinofunga dzavo Texas. Mexican-American War vose pedyo uye hakudzivisiki. Pakutanga 1846 mu Washington akagamuchira shoko raiti kuti vavengi vakaramba kusangana inotevera inokosha nhume.

Arista Mariano

March 8, 1846 US Army akayambuka Rubicon ndokupinda munharaunda kuMexico. Chisarudzo kutanga hondo akaiswa Washington zuro. Pamahombekombe weuto Rio Grande vakatanga kuvaka nhare mabhatiri kuvakwa. Zvisinei akatevera blockade muvengi zvengarava.

Kurwisana uto dzakazara pakati US uye Mexico akatanga musi April 23, apo Mexico akataura US hondo. Mukuru ari wokutanga, akasarudzwa Arista Mariano. Basa rake rehondo akavaka shure muuto Spanish. Pashure Mexico yakatanga kurwisa vakazvigadzirira rusununguko, mukuru akabatana kuipandukira. Mariano aiva mutsigiri worupo pfungwa. Apo Mexican-American Hondo yakapera, akatanga kuvaka basa wezvematongerwe enyika, uye mumakore 1851-1853. Akashumira sezvo President of Mexico.

Major General Taylor

Mexico vakabvuma US kuzivisa hondo 13 May. American akava mukuru Zakari Teylor. Akanga akaberekerwa Virginia uye akatotanga vaudzewo pachayo muhondo reBritain neAmerica. Uyezve, akapedza hwakawanda vachirwisa vari Indian murenje. Pakutanga akanga kugara kumusoro-kumabvazuva Mexico, uye panyaya kana muvengi akaramba yokuupa, anofanira kutyisidzira Mexico.

Nemhaka kukunda kumaodzanyemba muvakidzani Zachary Taylor kumbobvira akabata hofisi paruzhinji, akazarura nzira huru zvematongerwo enyika. Muna 1848 iye akasarudzwa US mutungamiri rechi12. Zvisinei, pakazosvika nguva utano hwake hwakanga kare vasanyanya vakawanda zvirwere chokuita muchiuto munguva yaaitonga. Taylor akafa gore pashure pokunge agara pachigaro. Somugumisiro, ake chikuru kubudirira haana kugara muhofisi wenyika, uye kukunda vokuMexico.

Kudzoka Santa Anna

Nguva pfupi pashure kumuganhu US-Mexico akasara shure, uto American guta Matamoros, pashure kutokonora kubva atirari. Vavengi vane unyanzvi, Qualitative uye quantitative makomborero, somugumisiro okukunda avo musoro uye zvakasikwa. Pashure Matamoros mapfumo maguta akawanda Seralvo, Camargo uye Reynosa.

Yaizotangira vaimbopota kwakaita kuti imwe nokuchinja simba muMexico. State Kutarisira akatora Liberals. Vakapedza zvinhu dzakawanda uye vakadzoka vachibva kuutapwa General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. Semutungamiri, akatungamirira Nhaurirano itsva vokuAmerica.

Sturm muMonterrey

Zvichakadai, September 20, mauto 1846 Taylor vake vakaisa akakomba guta muMonterrey. Masvingo mashoma haana kupindura atirari. Nharirire akawana mukana chete pashure yokuzviparadzanisa of Texas Rangers vakatora zvikomo shoma kumavirira muMonterrey. Yakakunakira nzvimbo akabvumira vokuAmerica kutora kurwisa kubva kumativi maviri, izvo zvakabudirira.

Nezuva reshanu yoga vokuMexico akamhanya achibva zvombo, uye ivo capitulated. We yaaigara vakaurayiwa vanopfuura 500 vanhu waifanira kuisa - 300 Taylor mauto chapera. Heavy nezvinhu akamanikidza mukuru kuti Mexican kudzivirira mauto, apo kuramba zvombo zvavo uye mireza. Sturm zvikuru arasikirwe muMonterrey. Zvakawanda guta rakaparadzwa uye kupiswa. Nhoroondo Mexico rizere zviitiko zvinoshamisa, asi kuti kukombwa vokuMexico vanodavira chiratidzo chinokosha hondo pamwe United States.

danidziro Inopfuurira

Zvichitevera muMonterrey America mapfumo Coahuila renyika Saltillo. Muna November, akanga akabata kiyi Mexican chengarava Tampico. nguva yose iyi, Santa Anna akaramba kuunganidza simba uye kugadzirira hondo yairwirwa. Chinangwa chacho chaiva Taylor kwakaita hondo imire pedyo Saltillo. Yakakura kukura Mexican mauto aipesana vokuAmerica musi February 22-23, 1847, mune Hondo Buena Vista. Vanhu Santa Anna aifanira kukurira nzira 300 makiromita renje dzisinganayi. Varwi akatambura nokushayiwa zvokudya uye mvura. Paiva vakawanda desertions. By pakutanga yehondo morale wehondo wokuMexico akasiya zvakawanda anodikamwa.

Nzvimbo rava aitungamirira ropa iri Saltillo yakamanikana gomo kungobvumira. Pazuva rokutanga vokuMexico vadarika mauto muvengi kubva parutivi rworuboshwe, vakapinda shure uye akaputsa bapiro, akaraira Taylor. Vamwe vokuAmerica ichidzokera akananga Saltillo. Hondo zve musi 23 February. Manheru, Santa Anna pakarepo vakadzokera shure. Ake chisarudzo, akatsanangura kuti akanzwa kushayikwa zvombo muchiuto. VokuMexico vakafirwa vakauraya 1,500 vanhu, vokuAmerica - 700.

Revolution muMexico

nzvimbo Mexico yakanga zvichiwedzera kuipa. Nepo Texas, California uye mamwe mapurovhinzi akaramba zvakaitika aidzorwa kuUnited States, vakatambura rimwe kukundwa mushure nyika yakaguma mari. Hurumende akarayira kukumbira kereke pfuma. Kutengeswa kwayo zvaizobatsira kuramba hondo. Zvisinei, zviyero akadaro haana kubvumirana zvikuru akasiyana akaturikidzana ose Mexican munzanga.

kumukira Anti-hurumende yakatanga. Santa Anna akakurumidza kusiya mberi uye akaenda kudzorera hurongwa guru. MuMexico, Zvichakadaro, akaita rinoparadzwa hurumende. Santa Anna akabatana vapanduki. Pashure pokuwa nehurumende yaivapo, akagamuchira nemasimba okudzvinyirira.

Hondo Veracruz

Ari Mexico City kwakamuka vehurumende nokurwisana chokuMexico-American War mberi kwayo kosi. Pakupedzisira pavaipfuura rutsigiro, kuti US Army, bhasikoro kuchamhembe, akarega zvaigumbura ake rworukundo uye vakatamira vavimbisana nzvimbo kuzvidzivirira. Kutama kune guta guru muvengi mhiri steppes uye Semi-mumarenje, pakanga pasina mvura, vokuAmerica havana kuzoshinga. Asi, mauto avo akakunda chengarava Veracruz. Kubva yaiva yokudimburira kuMexico City.

In-Chief itsva kushanda akasarudzwa Winfield Scott. Taylor haisi kufara pamwe Democratic Party, sechityu chinozunguzirwa kukurumbira rava kutaura kune utungamiriri pashure musarudzo. The achiwana 12000th kurwisa March 9 akatanga, 1847. The kubatwa pamusoro Veracruz akanga wakapindwa ramangwana magamba vazhinji American Civil War, kusanganisira George Meade uye Robert E. Lee.

itsva mberi

Veracruz mapfumo musi 29 March. VokuAmerica akasimuka akaenda 80 chete kuurayiwa, asi ane yatanga yellow nefivhiri muhondo dzavo. Zvigayo Zvaishanda ezvinhu Winfield Scott kumhanyira. 17 April hondo yake akasangana Mexican navarwi, uyo zvakare akarayira Santa Anna. VokuAmerica vakatapa inokosha kuzvikomo, yakaiswa pamusoro payo howitzers uye nokudaro akunda hondo.

April 22 akawira guta Perote, uye musi 15 May - Puebla. Attack chaitadzisa remagandanga hondo hwaiitika kumativi Veracruz. Vapanduki vakarwisa maduku mapoka uye convoys nechisimba. Izvi chikwata kubirwa motokari, akasarudza giya uye zvokudya. Kunze munzira, waiva Scott, vokuAmerica haana kuzviratidza munyika, nokudzora chete mhenderekedzo uye sokuronga zvinokosha zvengarava.

Last vanyatsoparadzwa

All kuburikidza muzhizha 1847, vamiririri mutungamiri wokuMexico vakaedza kutaurirana nehurumende US kugumisa hondo. Mapato vasingagoni kusvika chibvumirano pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu uye muitiro kukurukura zvachose zvuva pamusoro. Zvichakadai, hondo Scott yaiva Puebla, kuti aunganidze simba pamberi chokupedzisira jerk. Mexico akanga atova pedyo. August 20, 1847 muhondo pedyo norwizi Churubusco America akakunda hondo Manuelya Rinkona.

Won mumwe kukunda, mauto Scott vakanga mashoma makiromita kubva guru Mexico. September 13, vokuAmerica yaaigara nhare Chapulteke. Nhasi nzvimbo iyi kuonekwa Mexico City yemo pakati, pane vagari vanenge mamiriyoni 9. Pakurwisana guru, richiuraya anopfuura 2,700 US vemasoja, 383 vacho vaitarira.

Nhaurirano uye rugare mazwi

Muna October 1847 hondo iyo ravanofanira Mexico, paitova 43 zviuru vanhu. Hurumende akaoma, Santa Ana vakatiza nyika. Kunyange chehurongwa nemishonga zvikanyarara, akaramba skirmishes vane partisans kupindira.

The nhaurirano kwacho kwakatora inoverengeka. The kukunda US akatendeuka musoro wake sezvo zviremera uye nzanga. American zvinoda akazova chakakomba uye kuomerera. Vamwe hotheads kunyange aida mupanda Mexico yose. Against idzodzi kurasikirwa divi aifanira kuita zvikuru yakabvumirwa kuvapo, uye kutora zvose zvinenge zvinodiwa.

Rugare chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa musi February 2, 1848 mu Guadalupe Hidalgo. Mukutsinhana $ 15 miriyoni, Mexico akapa US vanopfuura miriyoni mativi makiromita kwenharaunda yacho. Ndivo nyika ano California, Texas, Nevada uye Utah. Akanzi dzakawanda Arizona uye New Mexico. Akadanidzira mamiriro Muganhu rwizi Rio Grande. Kukunda hondo akaramba US kuwedzera kumavirira. States kuwana nePacific Ocean.