Belarusian People Republic: kuzivisa uye nhoroondo

Belarusian Vanhu Republic aiva kuedza kutanga kusika kwavo mamiriro vanhu East necheSalvic bazi - Belarusians. Kusvikira ruzivo zvakanga kwakabudirira, uye kuti wakange chikonzero fragility ariko dzidzo ichi? Ngativerengei kutevera panowanikwa nzendo kukura uye norufu Belarusian vanhu Republic.

Background pamusoro BPR

Mushure kuparadzwa pakati autocracy muna Russian Empire muna February 1917, kurwisana enyika akaita kwakawedzera zvikuru, kwete chete guru - Petrograd - asiwo nechokunze masimba, izvo akamuka mauto emarudzi. Not akaponesa ichi zvakafanorongwa uye Belarusian rwenyika, mamiriro ezvinhu umo kumbooma kuti napedyo yeRussian-German mberi. Pashure Bolshevik Revolution muna October wegore iroro, zvinhu hwakaipa kunyange zvakawanda.

Atova November, guru guta riri Belarus - Minsk - a Congress of Workers 'uye Masoja' navakuru. Panguva iyoyo chakaitirwa musangano Belarusian masangano munyika, iyo yakaumbwa chinangwa dzidzo kuti kuzvionera mukati Russian mamiriro. Panguva iyoyowo mukuru Belarusian reParamende yakatangwa. Muna December 1917, First All-Belarusian Congress rakaitwa pasi auspices dzesangano iri. Asi Bolsheviks kwete chete akatora chikamu mariri, asi nechisimba vakarambana musangano.

The ezvinhu akachinja zvinoshamisa pashure kusaina muna March 1918 imwe runyararo chibvumirano muna Brest pakati Soviet Russia uye Germany Empire. chibvumirano ichi zvinosanganisira basa zhinji Belarusian nyika nemauto German. chiitiko ichi makagadzira kuziviswa Belarusian vanhu Republic.

The kuziviswa BNR

Nechekare musi March 9 kwaiva kuziviswa ehurumende Belarusian vanhu Republic. Izvi zvaitwa Executive Committee of All-Belarusian Congress. Zvakanzi akataurawo kuti BNR anovapavhurira uchangamire dzayo dzose enhoroondo Belarusian nyika uye nzvimbo inogarwa dzemadzinza Belarusians. Asi chaiyoiyo miganhu nharaunda aiti parutivi Belarusian vanhu Republic, uye harina kutaurwa. Kana kwakati kwatemwa mamiriro ari sangano idzva - a zvakazara akazvimirira mamiriro, kana kuzvionera mukati Russia.

Nezuva iro iye akasarudzwa mukuru Presidium of Great Belarusian Parliament. Yakabuda kuva mumiririri Belarusian Socialist Assembly Janka Sereda.

March 25 chakagadzwa wokupedzisira pfungwa, kupedza padariro kuziviswa mashoko Belarusian vanhu Republic. Pakusarudza mamiriro chakataurwa zvakajeka. Charters pamusoro Belarusian Batsirai BNR akazivisa yakazvimirira mamiriro. Panguva iyoyo akanga asimbiswa miganhu nharaunda pamusoro iyo kutaura aiva muduku zvokuvhoterwa.

BNR - mamiriro pasina statehood

Asi vamwe chikonzero ari Belarusian vanhu Republic (1918) uye havana kugona kuwana statehood chaiyo. Not yokupedzisira basa rakanga reDare havana chokwadi pamaonero ezviremera German, ipapo chaizvoizvo kudzora nyika. Kudivi rimwe, havana kurambidza mabasa BPR, asi pane dzimwe - yave pamutemo vakaramba kubvuma zvokuvhoterwa, sezvo zvaizopesana kuna Brest-Litovsk Treaty pamwe Soviet Russia. Dzimwe nyika vari kwete mhanya pamwe kuzivikanwa rejaya wehurumende.

Kutaura zvazviri, Belarusian National Republic haana kudzora nharaunda, iyo vakati, sezvo akanga pasi neGermany, akanga fiscal midziyo muchimiro anokwanisa mitero, vasina mapurisa Unit, haana vanokwanisa kutevedzera bumbiro. Vazhinji murayiro uye Zvaitongwa BNR hurumende vakanga evasingatombonamati declaratory hunhu. Saka, mutauro unonyanya vakaziva Belarus wayo guru - guta Minsk.

Panguva iyoyowo, BNR aiva nhamba wehurumende hunhu. Pane pachako tsikisa enhoroondo maoko maoko pamusoro Grand Duchy pakati Lithuania - "Kutsvaka", mureza, munhu dzvuku-uye-chena mbiri mavara, akanga rupi masangano, kuti zvemitemo uye nevarikutonga. Kunyange zvakatora nzvimbo vachiedza kuumba muuto rayo pachake, Zvisinei, kubudirira.

Kuwa BNR

Zvinetso pakuvaka yayo hurumende kuti aparadzane iri kutungamirira veboka BNR - Belarusian Socialist Assembly. Asi kutanga kuguma uye ndisina nguva kuti aumbe pamberi kuguma zvokuvhoterwa anogona kunzi kupa wehondo German muHondo Yenyika I uye kushaya revarwi kubva nyika zvinoenderana Chibvumirano Versailles. Pashure paizvozvo, njodzi BNR rakange rakanamwa, saka hurumende vakasarudza kutamira kubva Minsk kuenda Grodno.

On mundima Smolensk mudunhu January 1919 , Soviet Russia akanga asika wavanongoshandisa mamiriro - Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia, iyo kuzivikanwa Bolsheviks chete chepamutemo. Tichibatsirwa Dzvuku Army, zvinogona nokukurumidza ichienda zvayo rokuchinja zvose Belarusian nyika, dzakakudzingai guta Grodno, uyo akabatwa Poles.

Zvisinei, achibatsirwa pakati Poles, uyo akatora Minsk munguva Polish-Soviet hondo, muna August 1919, hurumende BPR aigona kudzokera ake guru, asi Red Army muna December akakwanisa kudzorera simba Bolsheviks iri Belarusian nyika.

The Belarusian Parliament pakupedzisira kumanikidzwa vanotama vachibva munyika, kutanga Poland uye ipapo Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Germany, USA.

The tevera dambudziko

Never zvakare hurumende BNR haana kudzokera munharaunda Belarus. Uyezve, kunyange nhapwa, sangano rakanga pasi vakawanda rinotsemuka nokuda yakashatiswa mumufambiro maonero nevatungamiriri vayo. Saka, chikamu chimwe Belarusian Parliament muna 1925 kunyange akaita kutamira kwemasimba avo ose Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. Zvisinei, chechipiri chine mhosva zvakasimba nokuti.

BNR hurumende vakatapwa kuchiripo nhasi, uye hazviiti kuziva Mvumo iri zvichizoita post-Soviet Republic of Belarus, kunyange pakutanga uye akanga ane vavariro yakadaro. Asi pashure kuuya nesimba muna Belarus President Alexander Lukashenko Batsirai vakaramba kubva urongwa yepakutanga.

Anoti BNR vachiri zviratidzo zviri Belarusian nokushorwa.

Zvikonzero pokuwa BPR

Nei asina sehurumende Belarusian vanhu Republic? Chinowanikwazve uye kutapwa pfupi-akararama inotungamirwa zvakafanana zvikuru munhoroondo mamwe chinoda zvakafanana kuti yakabuda mumatongo Russian Empire. Huru zvikonzero pokuwa Belarusian statehood panguva iyoyo:

• Wakapamura muna National kufamba;
• rutsigiro simba pakati vomunzvimbo;
• asiri kuziva BNR dzimwe nyika;
• Bolshevik kupindira.

Tikafunga izvi zvinoita akafanosarudza njodzi Belarusian vanhu Republic.