Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, nharaunda, mureza, maoko maoko, nhoroondo

Byelorussian - a Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, mumwe 16 dzaichimbova of USSR. Pashure pokuwa Soviet Union, ari Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic akava BSSR Belarus. The guru ndiro guta Minsk, waiva mumwe kupfuura uye zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda maguta muSoviet Union. Uyezve, muna BSSR zvakafanira kusarudza kumatunhu 6, 117 kumaruwa, maguta 98 uye mumaguta 111.

Kwenguva refu nguva paiva Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. Mureza chaipiwa kuna siyana kusarudza munhau yacho. nzira idzi dzinokurukurwa munyaya.

Sezvineiwo, kana paiva Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, nguvo maoko kwaiva anenge kuchinja.

History dzidzo

Between nyika dzakadai Poland, ari Omani SSR, Latvian SSR, ari RSFSR, wokuUkraine SSR, ari Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic yakavhurwa mushure chimurenga. Ndima rakanga vanenge 207 600 km ^2. Pakutanga muri RSFSR uye Byelorussian SSR akava yakazvimirira zvokuvhoterwa mumakore maviri chete. Pakarepo shure nekupatsanurwa of Byelorussian SSR vakabatana pamwe Omani Soviet Republic uye yakaumbwa Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, kana, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi: SSR LitBel, asi chete gore nehafu. Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1919, chaizvoizvo chikamu nyika hombe. Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic raiva maviri. Moscow-Litovsk Treaty, iyo yakasainwa musi July 12, 1920, aiva semhanza pokuwa USSR LitBel. Uye musi July 31 Lithuanian-Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic rwakaputswa chose. Saka Byelorussian SSR akasikwa muna 1919, ipapo akazova nhengo mubatanidzwa hombe, pashure, kubva 1920 kusvika 1991, waivapo muzvirevo chinzvimbo uye akava yakazvimirira mamiriro.

zvoupfumi unhu

Muna 1980, mabhiriyoni 4,3 rubles kuti kukura indasitiri, kurima uye kwezvivako kwave paakapiwa mune Byelorussian SSR. The kupfuura dzakabudirira matavi indasitiri ehurumende anganzi makemikari, petrochemical uye zvokudya Mazinga. Nokukurumidza zvoupfumi kukura (1940 kusvika 1980) akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze tichiregeredza rinorema musoro mari uye zvabatwa Belarusian vanhu. Vanhu vaigara munyika pashure pehondo, vakavakazve guta, vazhinji rinogona kunzi dzakavakwa kubva muvare, kuronga kudhindwa uye dzokubudisa zvicherwa. In sezvavanogona 29-ukagunzva yakawedzera Vhoriyamu kugadzirwa mumakore 40 chete. Fuel BSSR uye Republic of Belarus akatipa uye nechokwadi ne zhinji ayo matura negasi, mafuta, marasha uye peat. Rich deposits zvicherwa yave kwakatanga uye vakagadzirira pamwe Soviet rubatsiro upfumi. Kureba njanji muna BSSR akanga mugwagwa motokari sezvinongoitawo 5513? Km kuna 1982, uye nokuda - 36 700? Km.

uwandu hwevanhu

Byelorussian SSR aiva mumwe kupfuura dzine vakawanda zvikamu Soviet Union, muna 1984 yevagari arambe achirema yaiva vanhu 47,6 paminiti 1 km ^2. Dzakafanana kugarwa reRepublic imhaka yakati kuenzana dzinongoitika ezvinhu munyika nenyika yaro. Zvisinei, kupfuura vakawanda pakati nyika yakanga kuti nzvimbo zvinogona kunzi maguta pano makuru, kusanganisira Minsk. Munguva kubva 1950 kusvika muna 1970, madhorobha vakawanda ari kukura nokukurumidza kupfuura avhareji nokuda USSR.

Byelorussian Nature

Republic iri East European Plain, akagara pakati Dnieper bheseni uye kumadokero Dvina uye Neman zvayo repamusoro rinosvika. Koshesa mhando sandara penyika. Zvisinei, nzvimbo inozivikanwa nokuda alternation yamakomo pamapani, kunoisa swamped zvikuru, mukuwedzera, vakawanda makungwa iri mundima BSSR. Quaternary glaciation anoita ichi chiri zvokuyamura. Kurutivi rwokumusoro-dzokumadokero chikamu ehurumende ari wose hurongwa inouraya moraine anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Kuchamhembe-mabvazuva muri zvikomo.

rubatsiro

Nenzira kubva kumavirira kumabvazuva mune yaimbova chiBelorussia kunosvika Belarusian akatevedzana, zvinosanganisira dzakasiyana, kwakadzikira yakaumbwa muna Moscow glaciation. Parallel pairi vari periglacial mumapani. Belarusian Polesie, riri kurutivi rwezasi mamiriro, yainzi chaiyo nyaya pachena. Hills anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uyewo kuita rwezasi, pedyo Belarusian Polesie.

Climate

BSSR aiva dzinodziya vematunhu, izvo zvinoreva kuti okunze unozvidzora. January tembiricha - pamusoro -4 ° C, asi nokuda pfupi guru kureba kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba, ukoshi ichi dzingasiyana. Paavhareji July tembiricha - anenge 17 ° C, asi nokuda chete chikonzero, mutengo angasava yakarurama kuti zvachose zvose nzvimbo munyika. Okunze ndiko Continental, izvo zvinoreva kuti kunonaya zviri zvishoma - 550-700 mm.

rwizi

The Byelorussian SSR aiva vazhinji nzizi, zviduku zviri mileage. The Kureba kunoonekwa sechinhu kukosha 90 600? Km. Vose ndezvaJehovha Atlantic bheseni, dzinova Black uye reBaltic makungwa. Vamwe nzizi inoshandiswa chokufambisa. BSSR akanga akapfuma chaizvo mumasango, izvo rwugare 1/3 mundima, zvinomera anezvimiti nemiti iri munharaunda 1/10.

ChiBelorussia nharaunda yakanga kwete kumucheto East European mundiro, uye saka seismological basa vasingagoni kuva simba, kudengenyeka kwenyika simba kupfuura idukusa 5 points.

Of zviwanikwa BSSR

Unonyanya kukosha zvicherwa, izvo zvino iri munharaunda Belarus akawanda, anogona kunzi gasi, mafuta, marasha uye munyu-siyana.

Mafuta gasi mupfumi chaizvo munharaunda kuchamhembe Pripyat wamarudzi. A pachena chepfungwa oiri - ari makuru, uye nzvimbo dzavo akaturikidzana. Negasi haamo akawanda, uye naizvozvo yakabereka panguva.

Brown marasha uye shale

Uyewo matura shava marasha huru dzakafukurwa pamusoro munharaunda Byelorussian SSR. Peat chinomiririrwa 39 marudzi. Ndiye mumwe mukuru in Belarus. marasha sezvo vakawanda 7,000, vane zvachose nzvimbo iri vanenge mamiriyoni 2,5 hectares, havangagoni kushandiswa. Total peat - mabhiriyoni 1,1 matani, zvechokwadi akapfuma reserves.

Uyezve, kuti BSSR akatanga kusvina mafuta shale, izvo akaronga sezvo Vanodzidza vanoti, pane imwe kudzika mamita 600. The hombe matura shale yaishandiswa nevakawanda sezvo mafuta.

munyu

Potassium uye dombo munyu ndiwo mugodhi uye mushonga feedstock. Power germinales -. 1-40 M zvaitika pasi carbonate-dzevhu matombo. Mumatanda potashi mldr ane anenge 7.8 m. Vakanga zvikaramba muminda siyana, dzakadai Starobinsk uye Petrikovsk. Stone munyu rinomiririrwa mldr 20 m, vavete kudzika kusvika 750 metres. Kusvina navo kuminda akadai Davydov uye Mozyr. Uyewo, BSSR akanga akapfuma phosphorite.

Construction matombo

The ndima Belarus ane upfumi okuvaka akatarisana ibwe reserves, choko, ivhu uye chivakwa jecha. Mumatanda kuvaka ibwe - vanenge mamiriyoni 457 cubic metres ^3, rakatarira - vanenge mamiriyoni 4,6 cubic mamita ^3. Most akapfuma kuvaka ibwe wokumaodzanyemba nzvimbo Belarus. Dolomites, Ukuwo, vanouya pemvura iri kuchamhembe. reserves dzavo - vanenge mamiriyoni 437,8 matani BSSR akanga akapfuma uye chalky pamatombo, matura ayo nhasi nhoroondo inenge mabhiriyoni 3,679 matani-siyana That anomiririrwa pamusoro munharaunda Belarus mu matura 587 miriyoni mamita ^3, ivo dziri kunyanya Minsk, Grodno .. , Gomel uye Vitebsk kumatunhu.

Kugadzirwa chicherwa zvinhu

On mundima Byelorussian SSR, sezvo yave akati, tiri kushingaira mined chicherwa kupfuma. kukura kwavo vakatanga mumwe 30 000 apfuura mukunopera Paleolithic. Panguva iyoyo, vanhu vaigara mundima ino, mined romusarasara kubva pasi. Makore anenge mamiriyoni 4,5 akapfuura, akanga atova yakatanga kremnedobyvayuschy hove. Takawana yokuwanda zvimbambaira akashandiswa kare Cretaceous munguva. udzamu yavo haisi kupfuura 6 metres, asi vakapa nguva panowanikwa yavo, zvinogona vaifungidzira kuti pagadzirwe romusarasara kwaikosheswa yakatanga pakati vagari munzvimbo idzi. Paivawo nemhando inoverengeka miseve, zvakabatanidzwa ne kuchinja, kazhinji kusvika 5.

Kugadzirwa kugadzirwa

Mumigodhi yekare yakawanikwa tsono, akanga akaronga kuti kusona mabhegi zvakafanira kuti anofambisa mined chicherwa. Kupatsanurwa zvinhu pedyo mbudo. Flint raishandiswa zvaAtemisi namasanhu. Nechekare remakore rechishanu BC akatanga remigodhi nesimbi, iyo vanhu vaigara panyika yose Belarus, pakusika zvinhu muupenyu uye nezvombo. Mukuwedzera, nevhu yakaitwa nezvirongo nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana. Nechekare muzana remakore rechi16 vakatanga kuonekwa glassware, uye rechi18 akaonekwa yokutanga munzvimbo gadzira.

dzokubudisa kuti peat

Peat dzokubudisa ari Byelorussian SSR akava yakazvimirira bazi indasitiri. Mavhoriyamu kunge ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nokuda kwakawedzera kushandiswa. Zvakaratidza peat makambani kuti leveraged zvekutepfenyura. Asi panguva Second World War, anenge vose vakaparadzwa. ne 1949 chete bhuku zvikaramba peat yakasvika yapfuura tsika.

Extraction munyu

Sezvambotaurwa, kune potashi uye padombo munyu pamusoro munharaunda Belarus vari vazhinji. Asi chete muna 1961 akatanga zvavo kushingaira mugodhi. Used nzira pevhu pakuchera deposits. The vakapfuma vavo - Starobin. The Mechanisation zhinji dzokubudisa kwakaguma rwakapetwa nokuwedzera munyu ne 60% muna 1965 gore uye 98% muna 1980.

subsoil kudzivirirwa

The Byelorussian SSR nokushingaira mined zvicherwa, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti zvakasimba kufurirwa zvakatipoteredza. Yakakura nzvimbo kunge anosakadza. Naizvozvo, yenhandaro yaiitwa zvainanga vapfume kuti chicherwa zviwanikwa uye kudzorerwa mari, akadai ivhu fetiraiza, uye nokusima miti.

Education nyanzvi maindasitiri chikamu

ChiBelorussia Polytechnic Institute, akaumba kare Byelorussian SSR, rinogadzirira mudonzvo kushanda yemigodhi indasitiri. It rakaumbwa muna Minsk muna 1933. Nechekare muna 1969 kwaiva madhipatimendi vakawanda 12. Panewo zvimwe zvikoro zvedzidzo. Zvikoro Technical zvino kupa dzidzo pamusoro pokumuka peat deposits, pevhu kubudiswa ores uye asiri esimbi zvicherwa nezvimwe maindasitiri.

Arena yokurwisana

Muna 1920, ivo Byelorussian SSR, mumwe angati, yaiva musimboti muchipikisana Bourgeois Europe uye USSR. pati Last kuti tiine simba wokuPoland, Soviet Union pokutanga hunomiririrwa nhume yacho RSFSR. The chakazoitwa kwete nyasha Byelorussian SSR. Regulation haapi mukana kuwedzera Belarus tichiregeredza kwePoland.

Byelorussian Socialist vaiva ndisingambofariri nzvimbo miganhu nevavakidzani yayo, kureva chete RSFSR uye Poland. Vaidavira kuti hazvibviri kuti miganhu iri ethnographic pemitsara. Kubatana kwakanga kwete munharaunda matambudziko.

Great Patriotic War

Panguva WWII BSSR uye USSR akatambura kupfuura dzimwe nzvimbo Soviet Union. Munguva Byelorussian SSR, richiuraya vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2 vanhu, uye nyika yakanga aivigirwa vanenge 380 zviuru. The nhamba yevanhu vaigara isati hondo, akanga kubudirira chete muna 1971. The Nazi nechisimba akaparadza maguta 209 nemisha, vazhinji akanga raizovakwazve, mamiriyoni 2,8 chete mativi metres pokugara dzakararama kubva anenge 10.8.

The rusununguko uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Muna 1990 iye akasaina Declaration of State uchangamire ari Byelorussian SSR, izvo zvaireva kuparadzana kwake kwava pedyo. September 19, 1991 zvikazikamwa pamutemo inonzi Republic of Belarus. Mugore iroro akanga zvakasikwa uye dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro kusika Kishi. The Kuwadzana kunosanganisira Russian Federation, Ukraine uye Belarus. An dzinonakidza chokwadi munhoroondo wehurumende ichi vanogona kunzi kuti vakawanda 46 makore zvokuvhoterwa ichi, uyewo Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, mumwe nhengo UN (United Nations), kunyange zvazvo akaramba zvaanoda Hurumende - Byelorussian. Mumakore 1920-1930 pakati kukura constitutionalism zvichiitika munyika.