Project 971 - dungwerungwe multi-chinangwa yenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura: Magadzirirwo

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura agara huru unoshamisa simba redu zvikepe uye nzira kukurira zvinogona muvengi. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: pamwe vatakuri ndege, nyika yedu yave nhoroondo haana yakatanga, asi zvitundumuseremusere vanogumurwa kubva pasi mvura, vari anosimbiswa varove chero nguva ari panyika. Ndokusaka kunyange Soviet Union akaisa zvikuru kuti kukura uye kusikwa kwemarudzi itsva Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Panguva iyoyo, budiriro chaiyo yaiva 971 chirongwa, pasi izvo zvakasikwa multi-chinangwa yakaderera-ruzha nemotokari.

New "Pike"

Muna 1976 kwakasarudzwa kuti kugadzira uye kuvaka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura itsva. Basa akapiwa kune nomukurumbira kambani "Malachite", iyo nguva dzose kuverengerwa pamusoro rengarava renyukireya munyika. Chichiitwa idzva Magadzirirwo kuti panguva yaro kukura kunge zvakazara kushandiswa uchishandisa nguva "Barracuda", asi nekuti padariro Conceptual zvakagadzirwa uye Masvomhu vazhinji vakapfuura, izvo yekudyidzana akaderedza mutengo chirongwa pacharo uye yakaitawo kunopfuurira basa mukati rayo framework.

Kusiyana "madzitateguru" mhuri 945, 971 chirongwa, panguva pfungwa mainjiniya kubva Komsomolsk-on-Amur, haringapiwi kushandiswa pakugadzira titanium housings. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kwete chete kune kukuru mari uye chishoma nesimbi ichi, asi kurwadziwa kunzwisisa basa naye. Chaizvoizvo kudhonza basa akadaro aigona chete "Sevmash", uyo simba uye saka vakanga zvakazara akatakura. Mumatanda wakatozviitirwa akatumira wokutanga yakatarwa ... yakaita njere vakapiwa mashoko pamusoro itsva US yepasi pemvura mhando "Los Angeles." Nokuda kwaizvozvi chirongwa 971 akamhanyiswa kupera.

Nechekare muna 1980 kunyorwa. Chimwe chinhu idzva "Pike" aiva kuti vakawanda basa magadzirirwo ravo uye zvisikwa yakaitiswa Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Pacific Shipyards vasati vari nezvenzvimbo "ukama murombo" uye vakashumira chete muranda ishande.

Zvimwe zviri basa

vanhu vashoma vanoziva nezvazvo chenhau, asi pakutanga pakati 80s nyika yedu akatengwa kubva Japan Toshiba zvigadzirwa - kunyanya zvinonyatsochengeta muchina maturusi kuti simbi vanoshanda, izvo akabvumira kuti screws itsva, ichibereka panguva kuvaduku ruzha. The kutengeserana pacharo rakanga pamusoro muchivande, asi United States, panguva iyoyo anenge "nyuchi" Japan Wakadzidza nezvazvo anenge pakarepo. Somugumisiro, kambani "Toshiba" kunyange akauya pasi zveupfumi zvirango.

Nemhaka screws nevamwe zviri magadzirirwo, chirongwa 971 vari dzinoshambira rwakakudzwa akanyarara. Muzviitiko zvakawanda riri munorumbidzirweiko Krylov, uyo kwemakore vaishanda richikwidibira ruzha Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, ari zvakawanda pakusikwa "Barracudas". Kuedza Kukudzwa academician uye chikwata yose Research Institute rinotungamirirwa naye vakasagungwa pasina mubayiro; zvikepe Project zvishoma 971 "Pike-B" ruzha kanoverengeka pane azvino US "Los Angeles."

Kugadzwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura itsva

New Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vaigona zvakakwana ukasangana anokumhan'arira, sezvo amurove zvombo zvavo uye ayo kusiyana vakashamiswa kunyange seshasha moremanov. The ndechokuti "Pike-B" vaifanira kuparadza pamusoro zvikepe uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, kutungamirira Pfungwa ezvimbambaira, kuitisa ushori uye commando vachirwisa kuita chaiyo kushanda ... Muchidimbu, itai zvose kuti kupembedza kurondedzerwa "munhu multi-chinangwa yepasi pemvura basa 971" Schuka- B "".

Itsva mhinduro uye pfungwa

Sezvatakamboreva, pakutanga akaitwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iyi mhando aifanira kuchinja yekudyidzana. The chete simba pfungwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvedu tichienzanisa vazvo American kwaiva kushaya kunzwisisa digitaalinen ruzha mupise. Asi vose, itsva rwisana unhu "Pike" vachiri nemutsutsuru vashoma. Somuenzaniso, musi maoko avo vaiva "mutamba," ichangobva Anti-chikepe zvombo kuti kubvumira kana zvakakodzera kuti mutete kunze kwazvo pamusoro-mvura wengarava muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano upi.

Asi mushure "kupera faira" 1980 "Pike" achiri mune mamwe digitaalinen kubudiswa "kuita mutserendende muchando 3" chipingaidzo, uyewo azvino nhungamiro hurongwa unobvumira kushandiswa zvemberi rwendo zvombo. Nokuti nguva yokutanga yakasvika zvinonyatsorehwa kushandisa michina zvokushandisa uye kurwa parutivi zvombo kuzvidzora, akanga massively chinozoiswa pamasikiro rinokosha abuda Kamudzira ruponeso vaunoshanda yose, iyo yave zvinobudirira akaedzwa nerimwe "Barracuda."

Design zvinhu

Uyewo zvose chikuru Soviet yepasi pemvura mukirasi iyi, yepasi pemvura Project 971 akashandisa mapatya-redunhu yazova chaiwo. Kokutanga munhoroondo "pemvura" shipbuilding nayo rave kushandiswa ruzivo chinogumbura kwemajoini yepasi pemvura zvimedu, vachibvumira kuita akawanda basa ichinyaradzwa muchitoro. Nevakawanda kushandiswa sezvo zonal michina zviyero, izvo pashure pakupera kugadzwa nokungoramba unobatanidza kuti centralized mashoko mabhazi.

sei iwe vanokwanisa kuderedza ruzha pamwero?

Kuwedzera chaihwo screws, izvo isu kakawanda ambotaurwa, tinoshandisa chinokosha cushioning hurongwa. Chekutanga, vose zvigadziriswe vari yakaiswa pa "nheyo" unokosha. Chechipiri, mumwe nechigumbuso chine mumwe hurongwa depreciation. vanoronga akadaro zvinogoneka kwete chete kuderedza zvikuru uwandu ruzha kunotangira ari yepasi pemvura, asiwo kudzivirira vashandi uye kushanda mungarava yepasi pegungwa nemotokari mberi kubva zvinokonzerwa nehana mafungu kunotangira kuputika ainyatsonzwisisa mhosva. Saka nezvikepe yedu, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, nokuti idzo dzinenge nguva dzose vaiva chikuru wavanozvisunga uto raiva "nharo" simba kuti kaza anogona muvengi.

Kufanana zvose Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ano "Pike" taumba keel pamwe hunoshamisa plumage Boole, izvo dzimba kuti towed kanyanga radar hurongwa. Feature plumage pakati magwa izvi ndechokuti chinoitwa sokunge rimwe sangano rine simba zvinhu huru muviri. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa kuti kurerutsa uwandu zvichibvira dzinokanganisa. Ekupedzisira anogona kuratidza zvinotevera hydroacousticians mudziyo muvengi. Matanho aya takatakura muchero pamutemo kuti "Pike" vanonzi kupfuura asazivikanwa pemvura midziyo zvevakomana.

The kukura yepasi pemvura uye vashandi

Pose misha muchikepe ndiye matani 8140, pasi pemvura - 10.5 zviuru matani. The kunonyanyisa Kureba Hull ndiyo 110,3 m, vaifanira makubhiti 13.6 m. The paavhareji precipitate panyika pedyo mamita gumi.

Nokuti kuti mukanyiwa dzakasiyana-siyana negadziriso kunzwisisa kushandisa michina kudzora payo magadzirirwo muchikepe, vashandi vemo wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika vanhu 73, tichienzanisa US nhengo vashandi 143 (pamusoro "Los Angeles"). Kana tikaenzanisa idzva "Pike" nezvawagara dzakasiyana mumhuri iyi, zvave yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika mupenyu uye kushanda ezvinhu taita. By kuderedza ekupedzisira ndiye zvakare mukana kuisa vanhu vaviri vakawanda akadzivirira bays (chokugara).

simba chirimwa

Mwoyo chikepe chinhu reactor inokwana 190 MW. Chakasimudzira chinoumbwa mana chiutsi emagetsi uye turbine, iyo kudzora uye Mechanisation kakawanda kudzokororwa. Power akapa kuti mugodhi uri 50 000 l. a. Screw - semilopastnoy pamwe chikamu chimwe kubva mashizha uye kuderedzwa kumhanya kutenderera. The kunonyanyisa kumhanya chikepe pasi mvura, kana akashandurirwa zvinonzwisisika "nyika" ukoshi kwazvo 60 km / h! Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, igwa anogona kufamba mune gobvu ezvinhu kudarika zhinji mitambo yacht, tisingatauri rinorema warships. The ndechokuti chikepe Hull yakagadzirwa ne "rechiuto" renyanzvi, pamwe vakawanda nemabasa pasango hydrodynamics.

Achishandisa kuonekwa zvikepe muvengi

The womumhuri chaiye idzva "Pike" chinhu chisinganzwisisiki MGK-540 "Skat-3". Haagoni chete dzinobvisa kudzinga chipingaidzo, asi pasina kudoma muchibereka ruzha kubva propellers upi chikepe. Uyezve, "materu" rinogona kushandiswa senzira kwakajairika Akash kana kupfuura sazivikanwa fairways. The kuonekwa kuwanda muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvakapetwa katatu zvichienzaniswa zvapfuura Zvizvarwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Uyewo, "yakatenuka" zvikuru nokukurumidza anosarudza unhu nezvinangwa vakatsvaka uye outputs ramangwana nguva kunyorerana.

A yakasiyana chinoratidza chero yepasi pemvura ose Project 971 ndiko kuisa, vachibvumira kuziva chero chikepe pasi vasare pamusoro Wake. The midziyo anoti zvichiratidza kubva kwaari mafungu, kunyange maawa mashomanana pashure kwemutemo mudziyo sikweya ichi, izvo zvinoita kuti ngarava yacho mapoka namano Tracking muvengi ari yakachengeteka kubviswa pavo.

zvinoitwa maoko

Huru chaioneka simba ina chombo-Avangard 533 mm caliber muchina. Asi zvikuru zvaitoshamisa Kutarira kunyange zviruva mana caliber 650 mm TA. Total muchikepe yepasi pemvura zvinogona kusvika 40 zvombo uye / kana torpedoes. "Pike" anogona moto zvombo "Granat", uye "squalls" vanoitirwawo nyanzvi pemvura uye pamusoro mvura. Zvechokwadi, zvinokwanisika kuzoposhera torpedoes uye kwakajairika zvibereko kubva Avangard sepombi zvimbambaira otomatiki kuti dzinoiswa pachako ari vachiridzira chinzvimbo.

Uyezve, achishandisa yepasi pemvura iri rinogona kuisa uye inoda minefields. Saka kuwanda zvombo rakafara chaizvo. Kana nezvekutanga rwendo zvombo, avo kutungamirirwa uye kutsigirwa kutora nzvimbo iri zvakazara kwangoitwa rudzi, kwete kukuvhiringidza pfungwa vashandi kuita mamwe mamishinari. Haiwa, muna 1989, mushure zvikuru vanoshorwa kuti nyika yedu zvibvumirwano vokuAmerica, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 971 dziri pamusoro rechiuto pasina "mutamba" uye "Whirlwind", senzira izvi kuparadzwa anogona kutakura warhead yenyukireya.

The kukosha "Pike" nokuti zvipfuwo shipbuilding

Sezvatakamboreva, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ava vaiva vokutanga yakazvimirira chirongwa kuFar East shipyards, izvo kutanga kugamuchira mamiriro murayiro kunzwisisa uye kukosha zvakadai. Marine C-284, razova flagship pane akatevedzana, rakaumbwa muna 1980 uye makore mana gare gare akapinda Naval basa. Panguva kuvakwa pamasikiro kuti nokukurumidza unocherekedza duku vakanga dzinonzi akashandisa kusika nekutambira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvose.

Nechekare munguva miedzo vezvikepe uye nhengo Bazi Defence pakutanga wakafadzwa ne sei pasi ruzha zvakazoonekwa kuva yepasi pemvura. Zvabuda izvi zvakanga zvakanaka kuti vakabvumira kutaura nechivimbo pamusoro mbudo ari shipbuilding Soviet kuvandudza. With ndakadzidzawo zvikuru maererano Western muchiuto varairiri, akaziva "Pike" boka idzva zvombo uye kuvachengeta kuti Cipher Akula.

Nokuda kwayo zvinoitwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 971 anogona kufamba zvakadzama antisubmarine kudzivirira vakapakata mureza pachishandiswa acoustic vasabatwa. Kupiwa zvombo simba, zvakanaka kuti yepasi pemvura anogona kumira pachavo, kunyange kana kuonekwa yavo.

Kunyange munzvimbo ushe muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura vanyerere uye asazivikanwa magadzirirwo zvinogona kukonzera zvikuru nezvinhu kuti muvengi 971, kusvikira kutokonora kumahombekombe zvebasa kuparadzwa yenyukireya. "Schukam" zvikuru pamafudzi pamusoro zvikepe uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, uyewo kuparadzwa murayiro sokuronga zvinokosha nzvimbo, kunyange kana iri kure mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi.

Kureva kuti "Pike-B" chirongwa nyika yedu

VeMubatanidzwa yepasi pemvura kwenyukireya basa 971 akaita yakanyongana makadhi ose kusvikira vokuAmerica. Vasati kuti, ivo zvakarurama vakatenda kwayo kuve pamusoro Hunoita akasimba munyika, uye zvikepe Soviet, yakanga yekudyidzana duku pamusoro zvikepe, nyanzvi dzavo rakava rakanaka pasi. "Pike" akaendawo kuvandudza yose kutamba. Vanogona kushanda murugare kunyange zvakadzama shure muvengi mitsetse, kuenda seri mutsetse ASW. Kana renguva pamwero hondo Kurwisa yenyukireya kubva mvura yakachengeteka, hapana murayiro centre, uye chete renguva pamwero nokuveza yegungwa migwagwa uye hatisi kutaura.

Chero tsamwisa zvinogona muvengi mu izvi zvinhu anotendeuka ive analoginen kutamba pamusoro ane zvimbambaira, uye chete unogona kukanganwa pamusoro kudenha. US utungamiri "Pike" (kunyanya upgraded) ndiyo zvakasimba hanya. Nechekare muna 2000, ivo kakawanda akaedza kuputsa chibvumirano murayiro simba kurambidzwa zvavo kushandisa, asi zvinodiwa reRussia zvibvumirano zvakadaro "akunde zvisamumirira" havana.

Nadzurudzo uye pakuzadzisa basa

Zvadaro, "Pike" (Project 971) kakawanda hwakavandudzika, kunyanya panyaya Akash namano. Zvikurukuru nevamwe zvikepe, "musii" uye "Dragon", yakavakirwa munhu basa 971U. Vari pakarepo kuoneka pamusoro dzakachinjwa Hull mitsetse. nokukurumidza yokupedzisira yakanga chokuwedzera mamita mana, vachibvumira dzinonzi kugara nenhumbi nhungamiro kuwanikwa uye kushandisa mazano matsva zvainanga achidzikisa ruzha revarombo. matani anopfuura rimwe nehafu yakawedzera misha pamusoro pemvura uye epasi pemvura.

It hwachinja yekudyidzana uye nesimba chirimwa, iro rinopa reactor womuenzaniso OK-650B3. Kuchinja dzaiva pachena zvokuti itsva kurwisa renyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri vatorwa vezvenhau akabva christened Kuvandudzwa Akula. Maererano chete chirongwa taiva kuvaka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ina, asi pakupedzisira shipyards dzakatangwa uye zvakasikwa chete vaviri. ari K-335 "Cheetah" Chokutanga izvi, akanga kazhinji yakavakwa chaiyo zvirongwa 971M, raisanganisira kushandiswa matsva kubudirira pamasikiro zvemagetsi indasitiri.

Chikepe ichi akava mukuru nokuda kumadokero vezvikepe rinozivikanwa Akula II, kubva zvakasiyana mujinga chirongwa aikosha. The konekwa yepasi pemvura wechipiri, iye K-152 "Nerpa", uyewo vakasikwa chaiwo basa 971I, pakutanga nokuda risi of Indian Navy. Zvikurukuru, "Chisimbiso" rakasiyana "hama" dzavo kupfuura itsanangudzo yemagetsi zvekupfakira, umo kusina nhengo dzakavanzika.

Kutsivana kumarudzi

Pakutanga, zvikepe zvose dzino akanga chete indekisi, usingasii kureva mazita akakodzera. Asi muna 1990, K-317 ainzi "Panther." Wakapiwa chokuremekedza yepasi pemvura chichiri Russian Empire, wakasvinudza hondo yokutanga kuburikidza. Mune ramangwana, "zuva musikana" akava yepasi pemvura "Tiger" chirongwa 971. Nokukurumidza, Ngarava dzepasi pemvura zvose mhuri iyi vagamuchirawo mazita avo, zvakafanana nezvikepe mazita, aichimbova sezvo chikamu Imperial uye Soviet Navy. The chete Kunze ndiko Project 971, "Kuzbass". Kare, chikepe ichi chainzi "The walrus". Pakutanga zvakanga zita kuremekedza mumwe Ngarava dzepasi pemvura iri Empire wokutanga, asi gare gare akabhadhara mutero kuna dzomugungwa Soviet.

Asi zvava rinokosha yepasi pemvura wakabudiswa pa Sevmash. dzakatevedzana yavo yose yaiva bumbiro-ainzi "Leopard." Basa iri takagamuchira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ose kumavirira remadunhu- "katsi."

"Poluboevaya 'basa

Panguva NATO utsinye pamusoro Serbia muna 1996, K-461 "Wolf" akanga akatakura pamusoro kuhondo basa muGungwa reMediterranean. hydroacoustics American vakakwanisa vanyatsoona nzvimbo yaro panguva ndima Strait of Gibraltar, asi zvakasiyana edu vakakwanisa kuwana kure navo. Re-nekuwana "Wolf" zvaiita chete zvakananga kubva kumhenderekedzo Yugoslavia. In ichi hondo patrol yepasi pemvura chakafukidzwa mumhuri keriya ndege "Admiral Kuznetsov" kubva zvinogona mabasa yaiparadza "vamwe Western". Panguva iyoyowo, "Wolf" vakaperekedza yokuvanda Tracking nhanhatu NATO Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, kusanganisira chikepe mumwe akanga "kukwikwidza" Type "Los Angeles."

Mugore rimwe chete, imwe "Pike-B," iyo yakanga iri pasi pomurairo weA V. V. Burilichev, yakatakura basa rokurwa mumvura yeAtlantic. Ikoko, vashandi vakawana US Navy SSBN, uye vakabva vapinza chikepe muchivande muhondo yakarinda. Dai nyaya iyi yaiva mumamiriro ezvinhu ehondo, muAmerica musasa wekutakura ungadai wakaenda kumucheto. Mutemo wakanzwisisa izvi zvose zvakakwana, uye naizvozvo Burylichev pakarepo mushure me "bhizimisi rwendo" rakapiwa musoro weHerry of the Russian Federation. Ichi ndicho chimwe chiratidzo chekurwisana kwakanaka kwehutano uye kubata chero ipi zvayo chirongwa chechikepe 971.

Nezviitiko zve appendicitis mugungwa ...

Pakupera kwaFebruary wegore rimwechete 1996, anecdote yakaitika zvachose. Zvadaro yakangoita maitiro makuru emaketheni eNATO. Kurongeka kwezvikepe zveantisubmarine zvakakwanisa kupinda mukutaura nemurairo uye kurondedzera pamusoro pekushaikwa kwevavengi vemauto sousmarine pachiyero chekutsvaga kwevatungamiri ... Maminitsi mashomanana gare gare mutungamiriri weRussian submarine akabatana nezvikepe zveBritish. Uye munguva pfupi, pamberi pevafambisi vechikepe vokuBritish, iyo "chikonzero chekukunda" chakavapo.

Vashandi vacho vakataura kuti imwe yevafambisi vegungwa iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nekuda kweshoko rakaputika. Pasi pemitemo yefambasi yemvura, kubudirira kwebasa racho kwakanga kusina kuvimbiswa, uye saka mutungamiriri akaita chisarudzo chisati chavapo chokukurukurirana nevamwe vokunze. Murwere wacho akakurumidza kubhabhatidzwa muChirungu helicopter uye akatumirwa kuchipatara. Chii chakafunga panguva ino vafambisi vezvikepe veBritain, avo vakangotaura nezvekusasa kwemauto engorova, zvakaoma kufungidzira. Chii chinotonyanya kufadza, havakwanisi kuisa chikepe che Project Project 971 yekare! Kubva ipapo, Project 971 "Shark" inonakidzwa nekuremekedzwa zvakadzama kubva kuBritish Navy.

Nhasi mamiriro ezvinhu

Parizvino, mafambasi emakungwa aya ehurukuro aya ari kushanda, vanoshumira sechikamu chePacific neNorthern Fleets. Iyo "Nerpa" inotaurwa pamusoro apa iri mubasa muIndia Navy uye, pasi pemitemo yesungano, ichagara imomo kusvika muna 2018. Zvinogoneka kuti mushure meizvi maIndia achada kuparadzira chibvumirano, sezvavanonyanya kukoshesa maitiro ekurwisana ehurumende yeRussian submarine.

Nenzira, muzvikepe zveIndia, "Nerpa" yainzi Chakra. Zvinonakidza kuti kare kare zita iroro rakanga rakapfekwa nechikepe 670 "Skat", iyo yakashandawo sechisungo kuIndia munguva kubva muna 1988 kusvika muna 1992. Vose vafambisi vengarava vaishanda ikoko vakazova vadzidzisi chaiwo mumunda wavo, uye vamwe vatungamiriri vanobva kuChara yekutanga vakatokwanisa kukwanisa kusvika kune vamiririri. Chero chii chaiva, asi chiRussia "Pike" ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakasimba mubhizimisi rakaoma yekuita basa rehondo uye kushanda semumwe wevarindi vehurumende yehurumende yenyika yedu.

Nhasi, apo ngarava dzinotanga kudzoka zvishoma nezvishoma pashure pemakore ekuma1990, pane kutotaurirana kuti chechishanu-chizvarwa chekasiyamu engarava inofanirwa kuve yakanyatsoenderana nekugadzirwa kwebasa re 971, sezvo zvikepe zvezviitiko izvi zvakaratidza kakawanda mararamiro avo. Ivo pachavo "Pikes" vanofananidza mumagariro avo kune zvimiso zvemanheru zvechizvarwa chechina. Kusimbiswa kwakananga kweizvi ndechokuti vakanyengedza kunyengedza sonar kuona sOSUS, iyo yakave yakagadzira matambudziko mazhinji kune vakepe veSoviet.