Marx, Shona. Pfungwa dzouzivi Karla Marksa uye Fridriha Engelsa

Nhoroondo Economic hazvigoni kumbofungidzira pasina nhamba sezvo Marx, Shona akadaro. Vakauya mupiro huru dzakawanda zivo yesayenzi. Panguva iyoyowo, avo zvipo chaizvo zvinokosha, vakawanda saka ano pfungwa uye hurongwa zvomumusoro masayendisiti makuru aya.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx akaberekerwa Germany. Iye muzivi, nyanzvi, Economist, wenhau enyika uye chinoshingaira nomukurumbira. Marx, Shona, vaizivikanwa ushamwari hwavo uye maonero akafanana. Karl Marx aiva mwana wechitatu gweta mhuri dzinza vechiJudha. Mumakore okutanga mukomana akadzidza pa girama chikoro kuti Friedrich-Wilhelm, uye mumakore 17, akapedza kudzidza pazviri. In rondedzero akanyora kuti chete munhu anoshanda zvakanaka vamwe, unogona kuva mukuru zvechokwadi. Sezvo chikoro chesekondari, Karl yakaisvonaka, iye ndanyoresa paUniversity of Bonn tisina matambudziko, uye ipapo akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Berlin kupfungwa dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Muna 1837, Charles pachivande kubva kuvabereki vake kuroorana kuti musikana wake nomukoma wake - Jenny of Westphalen, uyo nokukurumidza akava mukadzi wake. Ndapedza kubva University uye doctorate, akatamira Bonn.

Mumakore okutanga akanga kwazvo pfungwa Karl Hegel uye aiva idealist wechokwadi. Iye akakura, iye zvikuru chaizvo mabasa Hegel Zvisinei, vachiti, kuti zvinondiremera kuvashamisa zvikuru. Carl aida kuva purofesa wouzivi, uye akaronga kuti kunyora noumhizha echiKristu, asi upenyu akasarudza kudaro. Maitiro mamiriro wokuti kumanikidzwa Marx kuva wenhau. Basa munzvimbo ino vakaratidza jaya, akanga kwazvo simba enyika upfumi. chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti vanoshingaira torai kudzidza nyaya iyi.

The mberi njodzi Karla Marksa yave chokuita nedzimwe nyika dzakawanda, sezvo hurumende vakaedza kunyengera naye parutivi yavo. Pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu izvi zvose, akaramba kushanda zvakaoma, zvakanga zvichifadza kwaari. Akanyora basa rake, asi kwete vose vaigona kubudisa. rutsigiro uye rutsigiro Large vakava kufambidzana Friedrich Shona kwaari.

Shona

Muzivi wokuGermany, mumwe mukuru havaoni kuti Marxism, Friedrich akaberekwa mumhuri Whitehead Textile mugadziri. Aiva hama nehanzvadzi sere, asi akanga ane rudo rukuru chete munin'ina waMariya. Mukomana akaenda kuchikoro kusvika makore 14, uye ipapo akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva jimunasiyamu. Kuomerera wababa vake aifanira kurega chikoro kutanga kushanda mumunda wezvokutengeserana. Pasinei neizvi, Muchinda akabudirira vaiwana tsamba. Naiyewo akanga kutsaurira gore rimwe hwavo vachishumira muBerlin. Raiva kufema mhepo yakachena, nekuti jaya azomushanyira ayo zvinonakidza hurukuro pauzivi. Pashure paizvozvo Shona akashanda muLondon, ari fekitari yababa vake. Danho iri upenyu ndechokuti jaya akabayiwa azadzwa upenyu vashandi.

Kuwedzera Kazhinji mabasa pamwe Karl Marksom Fridrih akanyora mabasa akawanda, izvo akataurawo dzidziso Marxism: "Dialectics pamusoro Nature" uye "Anti-Dühring".

Yokutanga joini oparesheni

Ushamwari uye co-nokushanda Marx uye Shona akatanga zvishoma nezvishoma asi anyanya hwose. Vakakwanisa kusika-siyana yepamusoro mapepa, izvo nhasi haana kurasa kushanda kwayo. Uyezve, pfungwa masayendisiti uchipinda kushandiswa munyaya zhinji evanhu upenyu.

Yokutanga vakawanda kuoma shamwari mbiri kwaiva rondedzero "The Holy Family". Mariri, mamwe dzokufananidzira Sever maviri ukama naye nezuro edinomyshlennikami- Young Hegelians. Vagari basa rechipiri raiva "dzidziso German". Mariri, masayendisiti akatarira nhoroondo Germany kubva kupfuma pfungwa maonero. To kuruvanze Zvinosuruvarisa basa iri rakanga chete chinyorwa muchimiro. Zvaive munguva yakanyorwa izvi uye mamwe mabasa, masayendisiti vakasvika pakugumisa kuti vakagadzirira kusika dzidziso itsva - Marxism.

Marxism

Dzidziso Marx uye Shona anoberekwa yokutanga yezana 40-ies zviri XIX remakore. The zvinokonzera pfungwa idzi dzakanga dzakawanda: zviri pachena kuti basa racho, uye kutsoropodza kuti Hegel kwakaita uzivi, izvo sezvisingadaviriki zvakakwana, uye zvinhu zvitsva zvesayenzi muminda zivo siyana. Marx, Shona akavhomora kukakavadzana kwavo uye pfungwa Chirungu enyika upfumi, dzekare uzivi German, gutsaruzhinji French, utopianism. Uyezve, munhu haafaniri kurerutsa basa Zvakawanikwa nesayenzi kuti kwakaitika panguva: kuwanikwa sero, mutemo kuchengetedza simba, iyo shanduka dzidziso Charles Darwin. Sezvingatarisirwa, vatsigiri vakawanda vanoshingaira Marxism aiva Karl Marx uye Friedrich Shona, asi zvakasikwa kuti pfungwa zvose pfungwa ichangobva nguva yake, achitora chete akanakisisa uye unyanzvi nouchenjeri kwapfuura.

"The Communist Manifesto"

Basa iri rakanga yepamusoro, apo pfungwa Marx uye Shona akawana wakajeka kupfuura kuratidza. Zvinyorwa rinotsanangura chii zvinangwa anoisa chii nzira dzinoshandiswa uye chii nematambudziko mupfungwa yeutongi Party. Vanyori mabasa vanoti nhoroondo yose dzekare inobva mukirasi kutamburira vemo. Uyewo, masayendisiti vakazivisa pachena kuti capitalism vaizofa ari maoko proletariat, iro vamukire nokusaruramisira, kusika nzanga pasina makirasi uye kupesana.

chikamu A guru mubhuku rakazvipira nokutsoropodzwa pakatarisana uye ekunyebera kwesayenzi dzidziso zviri pasina chaicho kururamiswa. Uyewo, isu mhosva "hasha" vaKomonisiti vakanga, pasina kungomhanyira musimboti pfungwa, chete kuparadzira pfungwa chaiyo. Uyezve, Marx uye Shona kusimbisa chokwadi chokuti Communist Party asingazviisi pamusoro vamwe, asi vanogona kutsigira chero kufamba kunangana aivapo evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika muhurongwa.

Karl Marx, "Capital"

"Capital" - Nde basa Karla Marksa, iro rinotaura zvinhu zvisingafadzi capitalism uye criticizes enyika zvoupfumi. basa iri rakanyorwa vachishandisa yokukakavadzniswa zvinhu kusvika, iyo yakataurwa Marx uye Shona pamberi.

Pabasa rake, Marx akatsanangura kwazvo kuti capitalism ichaguma. Iyewo akarondedzera zvakadzama zvikonzero izvo kukonzera rufu ino. The musayendisiti akabvuma kuti capitalism zviri mberi, kunomutsa kukura mauto zvibereko. Uyezve, budiriro iri nokukurumidza zvikuru pane zviri pasi capitalism, kuti zviri kujairika kuti kumwe sangano okuwana. Zvisinei, iye anotaura kuti kukura ichi runowanikwa anotyisa kupambwa zviwanikwa, uyewo kuburikidza kupamba huru zvibereko simba - Human Resources. Iye Inotaurawo kuti capitalism kunotungamirira gogonera kukura awo ose, kunonoka maindasitiri mazhinji.

Uyezve, capitalism hazvipindirani aine ukama hunovakirwa chaiyo. basa nomumwe iri kuramba ichiva haulla minimis. Pashure pezvose, kukura capitalism kunoda Kusimbisa guru mabhizimisi. Saka proletariat kuri kuva nevakawanda zvaanoda simba, vechibharo, usina sarudzo asi kuti kubvumirana Pakuurayiwa mushandirwi. ezvinhu akadaro kunoita munhu mumotokari, iro rinoshandiswa kukudziridza voracious hofori mhuka - capitalism.

Karl Marx, "Capital" iyo yave vanorega okutuka panguva pamuviri simba zvikuru mupfungwa ezviuru vanhu vakava vateveri vake.

Pfungwa huru

Friedrich Shona, ane zvinyorwa uchiumba nemaonero pamusoro Marx, vakasikwa pavanoparidza okupedzisira vakawanda pfungwa, maererano nzanga vanofanira kuva maererano nechokwadi nemitemo. nyika ino haisi nzvimbo pfungwa capitalism. Pfungwa huru mabasa ouzivi zvinogona akagadzira sezvinotevera:

• pfungwa ine nyika kuti haafaniri kuratidza, sezvinoita uzivi, asi kuti zviite;
• Kumikidzo hunobatsira basa sezvo kufambisa simba;
• pfungwa yokuti ari anosarudza kuziva ;
• connectivity proletariat uye uzivi seokuwedzera zvinhu;
• pfungwa upfumi kuzvibvisa womunhu;
• vanoshingaira Pfungwa Revolutionary pakuputsa ari capitalist kurongeka.

pfuma

Marx, Shona akagadzira dzidziso yokukakavadzniswa pfuma, iyo inoti kuti nyaya iri chikuru uye chete mushure kuziva unomuka. Uyewo, masayendisiti vanozivikanwa matatu mitemo dialectics: kubatana uye kurwisana pakati zvakapesana, kuchinja kubva quantitative kuti Qualitative kuchinja, asi negation kuti negation.

Masayendisiti dzinotiwo nyika kuzvizivawo, uye chiyero chayo knowability pakutsvaga chechetere evanhu upenyu uye kugadzirwa. Nheyo budiriro iri hondo wokushora maonero uye nepfungwa, somugumisiro paine chokwadi. Zvakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa kuna kubatana uzivi nenyika womunhu womukati, kune rumwe rutivi, uye magariro evanhu - rumwe. The pfuma yose Marx, Shona akaratidza uye kuramba anewo simba guru masayendisiti ano. The kudzidza mabasa masayendisiti izvi kunokosha mu Africa zhinji, nekuti kunzwisisa nhoroondo uye upfumi remakore rapfuura pasina pfungwa Marx uye Shona hazvibviri.

zvabuda

Achiratidza, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti dzidziso Marx uye Shona haana zvokufungidzira udzvinyiriri pakati proletariat, chinangwa chikuru, zvakanzi kunge chete Transitional Danho. The chikuru Pfungwa raiva dzisashande chero kudzvinyirirwa womunhu mumwe nomumwe. Marxism kwapfuura refu nzira okukura. Zvinobatsira kutarisira uye kuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda zvakaitika kare uye zvoupfumi, kunyange nhasi. Naizvozvo, kukosha pfungwa Marx uye Shona kunokosha kuti vanhu.