Dzidziso biosphere: zvinyorwa

Chero munhu akadzidza, pasinei iye kana ake kuita, akanzwa inzwi chinoshamisa shoko "noosphere" iri chero zvoupenyu kutandadzana. It runoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha utsva of XX remakore, akadai dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka yave muzvirevo remakore. Ngatiedzei zvakare kunzwisisa ichi poluzagadochnoy pfungwa zvinooneka dzidziso biosphere uye noosphere, saka chokuita nezita nesayenzi nouzivi nhaka Vernadsky.

Chokutanga, tinofanira kuziva gore waro yokuberekwa uye ayo zvakananga munyori chaizvo.

Kare muna 1875, shoko rokuti "biosphere" yakatanga kwakamboitwa zvesayenzi chimurenga yeAustria geologist Eduard Zyuss. Asi haana kutsanangura pfungwa, haana akasarudzwa zvinhu sezvazviri wayo zvesayenzi, saka refu zvakakwana shoko "biosphere" rakashandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana zvaanoreva.

Kokutanga muchikwata ichi rakashandiswa somunhu nesayenzi mu masvingo College of France - sangano Paris wakakurumbira dzidzo, anozivikanwa nokuda highbrow pamwero kudzidzisa, hurukuro muna 1927. munyori rokuti aiva muzivi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Eduard Lerua. Sezvineiwo, co-munyori noosphere pfungwa rave richizivikanwa uye kushamwaridzana Le Roy - Per Teyyar of Chardin. Asi masayendisiti ava vaviri zvakananga kutumira vateereri vavo uye vaverengi kuti biosphere kubudikidza musayendisiti wokuRussia Vladimir Vernadsky, uyo akapa hurukuro yake Sorbonne.

Vladimir Ivanovich, akagadzira dzidziso biosphere akaramba zvichiratidza ake pahwaro biogeochemical yokusvika nayo. Sezvo 30s remakore rechimakumi maviri kuti pfungwa noosphere akadzokera zvose simba netariro nemaonero pamusoro musayendisiti.

Asi shure pamusoro nguva kwakabva kuna Le Roy uye Teilhard of Chardin. Chii ndiwo pfungwa dzavo? The chidzoke womunhu kwemarudzi mune dzinotevedzana vachikwira chimiro zvinoreva vanofunga kuti dzidziso zvinobuda kushandisa dzimwe nzira, chete mupfungwa ehupfumi. Masayendisiti vanoti mhuka akasika yevanhu nzira zvachose itsva okukura yavo - zvokunamata uye vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga nemano inokosha, yakadai rokutanga zvakasikwa hakuna zvachose. Chardin pachake rinotsanangurwa uye zvinoita zvivako zviri Fani iyi - vanhu: kuvapo tichifungisisa akachenjera, kuzvicheka-ruzivo uye mano, saka kuti kuziva pachake, chete creatively kuridza zvose zvipenyu.

In basa akazotevera, "Nzvimbo murume zvakasikwa," akaona mubvunzo matangiro uye upenyu uye ayo zvazviri, vachiisa vanhu vari vakawanda siyana yepasi pose muitiro kunzwisisa nyaya.

Sezvineiwo, wechiduku Vladimir, achiine mudzidzi yunivhesiti, akanyora dhayari ake pfungwa inoshamisa, zvichiguma dzidziso biosphere kusvika mamiriro ezvinhu kwouzivi. Zvikurukuru, akataura kuti nhoroondo Pasi ari yemapuraneti kuongororwa anogona kunyorwa sezvo nhoroondo kuchinja nyaya. Muchiitiko chino, zvose kuchinja izvi regai zvaitika uye randomly, asi kunobva muenzaniso zvakajeka pamusoro zvakasikwa chechetere.

Mumashoko aya, munyori dzidziso biosphere kunotungamirira pakugumisa kuti apo sokuti nyaya yacho "vakafa", zvechokwadi haisi akafa, asi chete "dozhiznenna" upenyu mairi pane potentiality. Fani iyi Vernadsky akadana hominization, rudzi yemapuraneti shanduka kusvetuka pamusoro yepasi pose sandara, sezvo kupora (vitalization) nyaya. Muchidimbu, dzidziso yacho biosphere, tichifunga nechitarisiko murume, kana zvakawanda kana zvishoma, chokwadi zvakare, mumwe qualitatively itsva nekutumirwa kwemauto pamusoro biosphere pacharo, vakatevera naye uye yose yepasi pose muitiro. Manzwi nenzira iyi pamwe shanduka kutevedzana upenyu, murume, zvisinei, ndiko yepakutanga. Pahwaro chinyorwa ichi, kuti creators uye vateveri nedzidziso noosphere chiwanzo chokudavira kuti munhu haasi chimwe mumiririri marudzi, uye kwete "korona" zvakasikwa, asi chete mumiririri itsva hurongwa chokwadi, izvo chokuita biosphere mabasa sezvo yakazvimirira itsva "denderedzwa".

Gomizatsiya inzira iyo itsva uye Virtual mabasa, zvishoma nezvishoma achifumira pamusoro mhuka biosphere.

Zvayaiva yake nguva bhora hwevanhu, inozivikanwa nokuda ehupfumi zviri kuratidzwa, mano kuti mumwe munhu akasununguka uye vanoziva sarudzo zvinhu uye. Ndiro hwaJehoshafati chikonzero - the noosphere. Ndiko, sangano repfungwa Vernadsky, tinoona chido kuzviisa dzidziso biosphere sechinhu rokutanga kudzidza dzidziso yacho mananara wakakwirira kurongeka - the noosphere dzidziso.