Guohua - Chinese painting mvura mavara uye neingi. Chinese Artists. Education kuti kupenda

Chinese vanonyora mifananidzo yaiva nezvainoita unyanzvi nyika uye mabasa avo makuru akasikwa pamusoro mupunga pepa nesirika kwemazana emakore anoverengeka anonakidzwa laconic mutauro hwokudhirowa.

Aesthetic canons nhaka mupenyu, rinosvika makore chiuru enhau, kuumbwa tsika ouzivi chiTao, chiBuddha uye chiConfucia. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvisikwa anodzidzisa vanhu kuti vaone kunaka uye chokwadi hachizi ichi ndicho chikuru dingindira Chinese traditional kupenda. ounyanzvi Unique nokuda vemifananidzo mu eras dzakasiyana - chinhu mupiro chinokosha muri nyika.

Chinese Traditional Painting

Guohua - Chinese painting, iyo yakasiyana kubva wokumavirira uri kuita zvinhu: unokosha vakanaka sirika kana bepa rine bhurasho rakaiswa mufananidzo. Artists vanoshandisa chicherwa, muriwo, mvura mavara, dema ingi, uye mabasa avo kazhinji muchimiro chinjikira kana wehunyambiri mupumburu.

Anopindura nzvimbo nechepakati pakati siyana munzvimbo ounyanzvi China Guohua (Chinese painting) zvakatanga muna VII-VIII emakore BC uye kuguma XIX remakore Style awana mhepo wechipiri.

"Pfuma Four"

Kunyora chetsika mifananidzo vanyori vanoshandisa shoma akagadzirwa zvekushandisa: munhu mutema ingi (kana Watercolour), Chinese bhurasho akaita rwokuzvarwa shinda, pepa neingi mudziyo kuti kukuya. vemifananidzo vakawanda vanosarudza monochrome painting, vachifunga kuti 'zvicharatidza musimboti hwezvisikwa. "

Zvizhinji pfungwa unobhadharwa kuti unhu munyika wezvitunha uye raishandiswa usina kukonekita ane dema lacquer chivheneke. Masters vachidzipukuta nemvura kuwana zvinodiwa unaku uye ndinosika dzakasiyana-siyana kwerima guru. Sezvo aiziva Chinese vemifananidzo, kuti awane zvinodikamwa Migumisiro havagoni kuva nokuda varombo unhu reEurope chitunha.

Nokuti kupenda anoshandisa rinokosha pabepa Xuân (mupunga) ane chaicho unaku. Dzimwe nguva mifananidzo vari akaurayiwa esiriki kana donje.

Inkstone vanokosheswa, uye vazhinji vakapfuura pasi kubva kumarudzi namarudzi. mano izvi, dzimwe nguva dzemaoresa, akagadzirwa nejedhi kana kubikwa ivhu.

mutsetse mufanidzo

Kana tikafunga pamatende European kupendwa mu Watercolour, ipapo havagoni kuona mutsetse sezvo vakadaro. In Chinese painting yose zvifananidzo vakasikwa noruoko Linear muenzaniso. Izvi zvakasiyana chetsika Style Guohua, zvakasimba nowenyika zvinobudirira kusimukira munyika calligraphy, zvinhu zvacho hazvo Artists kuunza basa ravo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa rakaisvonaka unyanzvi bhurasho varidzi, izvo nani kwemazana emakore. Kana mutete kana mukobvu mutsetse vemifananidzo vachishandisa zvakafanana zvishandiso sezvo Calligraphists zvinoparadzira nzvimbo, bhuku racho, pasina kushandisa yenguva dzose nenyanzvi chiedza uye pamumvuri. Kunaka Chinese painting ari ugone rinokosha kwenzira kuti bi-mo, vane zita anoshandura se "bhurasho-ingi". Black pendi rinoshandisirwa mupunga mapepa, pakarepo akanyatsonzwisisa, uye mumwe vachinyara kufamba, sizvo mutsetse angachinja zvinonyatsorehwa kufara pamufananidzo, kukanganisa chokwadi choupenyu. Ose Kurohwa anofanira kuva chaiwo uye yakajeka, nokuti hapana Kudzima kana akarurama mufananidzo munyori havazokwanisi.

Chidobi kuti fingapurindi mufananidzo

Chinoshamisa, ari Chinese painting unyanzvi Guohua hapasi zvakanyorwa bhurasho. vatenzi kazhinji kushandisa maoko avo, kuratidza mitsetse dzavo uye shading pendi. Painters kureva chipikiri gandiwa mitsetse Kurohwa paupamhi akaita ikanyanya kuti thumbs ake.

enhetembo chinyorwa

Traditional Chinese painting akasiyana European kuti mumufananidzo pane wokufananidzira akanyorwa, akaurayiwa calligraphic vachizvikwidziridza. Saka vatenzi vakaratidza mafungiro avo kuti chigadzirwa, uye vatambi mukwanisi ayo fungidzira kugutsikana. Famous calligrapher, munyori uye nyanzvi yokudhirowa Su Shi, uyo akararama XI remakore wakarwira kuti kuvapo ari mufananidzo nhetembo. Labels kwakadaro vanoratidza mafungiro munyori uye vari manyorero yake.

mipumburu

Guohua - Chinese painting, iyo pane kujairika mhando mifananidzo. Vagokungurusa pamusoro tsvimbo bwendefa uye inochengetwa elongated zviitiko. Nziyo zvakanyorwa chaiyo papepa, kwete chete ingi, asiwo anozodza chicherwa uye miriwo mbishi zvekushandisa. Paintings mu mabhanzi, kwete akaronga kuti vakawanda vateereri, zvakachengeterwa makore anopfuura chiuru, pasina kurasikirwa kupenya uye saturation mavara. Uye nhasi unogona kuyeva ounyanzvi akanyorwa mazana emakore akawanda akapfuura, vanozivikanwa vemifananidzo.

dimikira

Painting mvura mavara neingi yakasiyana conciseness, uye mutauro zviratidzo kunonzwisisika connoisseurs Chinese unyanzvi kwechokwadi. Somuenzaniso, zvinomera uye wokufananidzira yevanoda kutotaura nemwaka mwedzi, kana kenduru ichipfuta usiku dzinoratidza.

Vacuous voids mumifananidzo

Chimwe chinhu chinosiyanisa Chinese painting kubva West, riri kuti vanyori mabasa vakasara unfilled nzvimbo zvinogona anoedzesera kuva duku dhisiki mufananidzo kana whitish mhute. Dzimwe nguva chinhu asara kuti ave rusununguko akaramba kungoona kuti fungidziro, nekuti Chinese mifananidzo - icho zvinoshamisa uri fomu, riri hazviiti pasina kubatana munyori uye vateereri.

rokumanikidzirwa kudhindwa

Netsika, tenzi kunodiwa kupfeka chigadzirwa anodhinda mu tsvuku, nokudaro certifying kuzivikanwa kwavo.

Funga zviri zvetsika yakanaka Arts, tinogona kutaura kuti Guohua - Chinese painting, izvo chichinyatsobatanidzwa rinobatanidza nhetembo, calligraphy, hworatidza pacharo ari anodhinda wokudhinda achiita zvokutemera unyanzvi.

Genre kupenda

In zvetsika Chinese painting kuziva Genres akawanda. First - Shanshiev (nzvimbo). Pane kwakapararira pfungwa uzivi kuti vanhu uye hunhu vari mumwe, uye hapana nezvipingamupinyi pakati pavo. Landscape basa ndiko kufara pamusoro Fafitera.

Genre Second - huanyao (mufananidzo kasvisto uye fauna of). Chinese vanatenzi ekuona wakakwana chimiro remhuka, matombo, zvinomera, uye kushandisa navo hunhu rechokwadi risingagoni kuratidzwa nemashoko.

The Genre wechitatu - zhenu (asian). Kunyange kare vemifananidzo vanoshanda nevanhu, munoziva mumwe ushe chisingaperi: iri ndima ine zvokunze zvakafanana musiki anofanira kubudisa mupfungwa uye hunhu, uchisimbisa kunaka nyika yake yomukati. vemifananidzo All mukanyatsochengeta kutevera nhungamiro iyi, uye kunyange vachiri padanho kukura Chinese art ugone mufananidzo Genre yakasvika kusimba yakakwirira chechetere.

kuno- Guohua

Pane vaviri chinyakare Style: Gunba richikunda mu tanga, uye tarira-uye vakava kwakapararira mukupera XIX remakore. Ngationgororei zvinhu munzvimbo idzi.

Gunba Chinese style - mumwe kwokukurukurirana kupenda umo pendi rinoshandisirwa nokungwarira (kusanganisira ruvara) uye rinotaura duku mashoko. The chikuru Chinangwa the artist - zvakarurama rinoratidza chokwadi, uye pfungwa iyi naturalism hwakada kufanana pokudzora chiTao. Gunba vaiona pamutemo zvedzidzo kupenda. The Mitsetse dzakajeka manyorero kushanda vemifananidzo kuti akashongedza omukati ari Imperial Palace.

Zvisinei, pashure kupararira chiBuddha munyika Artists kuti uongorore zvakare pfungwa, uye itsva werudzii Chinese CE uye dzinoratidzwa wakasununguka zvamarudzi kupenda. Creators vanomiririra haina kumbofanana pasi kana chinhu, uye kutarisira kufara kuchinjwa. Vanotsvaka kuratidza manzwiro nomwoyo wose, kushanda mifananidzo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti tarira-uye - mufananidzo vazivi uye vadetembi, uye manyorerwo iri basa creators pasi pokudzora kwenguva pfupi kumunetsawo.

A siyana CE uye shuymo (chete ingi dema rinoshandiswa kuti kunyora mapatani).

Chinese vemifananidzo vakawanda vakabudirira chokubatanidza basa ravo unyanzvi uye yakasiyana manyorerwo, vachishandisa vakavhengana nzira. Li naKerani, Qi Baishi, Fu Baoshi, Ifen Yang, Huang Binhong, Pan Tyanshou nemamwe vanatenzi vakakwanisa kuzadzisa yake basa anotaurisa migumisiro, yokuudza mufananidzo zvakasikwa uye anokunda kunyange zviduku mashoko.

"Reading" mifananidzo

National kupenda mvura mavara kunoratidzwa chakanaka mutauro wokufananidzira, uye vaimbi vanovakira mabasa avo mumwe yokureva. Kana vokuEurope vari kufunga jira, wokuChina vanhu kuaverenga. The Mifananidzo akazara ane mafungire akanaka uye kupa muridzi wayo afare.

Chinese mabasa azere okufananidzira uye madimikira. Somuenzaniso, makomo vanomiririra gono inopenya kutanga, uye mvura - rima muchimiro. Painter rinopfuura lyrical moods, manzwiro kuti zvinoitika pashure kuonana zvakasikwa, uye haatsvaki naturalism uye kwokunze kufanana.

Muchirwisa colour mi- serakavakwa maduku evanhu manhamba anomirirei kuti munhu - iri zviduku chinhu zvakasikwa, izvo zvachose pasi simba rayo. Asi European art vanhu nguva dzose ishiri ine simba guru rinogona kudzora zvinhu, uye izvozvo pamuviri womunhu akanyatsosiyana rakasiyana kumadokero Chinese painting.

Flowers - yakasiyana nyaya. Kune kupenda, unonzi "anokudzwa ina":

• Orchid chiratidzo chokururama;
• Chrysanthemum, rinosanganisa nemwero uye dzakachena;
• mhuka puramu Meihua - akatsiga uye kushinga;
• yemishenjere - chiratidzo hwechimiro chomunhu.

vemifananidzo kazhinji inoratidza the willow, izvo rinosanganisa kunaka uye yomufaro kunatsiridzwa. Iye rinosanganisa tsime uye muchimiro runako. Asi nemipaini muti - ndiyo pfungwa vechidiki husingaperi uye Confucian kuzvidzora.

mutauro wokufananidzira uyu zvakajeka kuti Chinese vanhu, uye vaya vasina vachakwanisa kukanganisika romweni, kunzwisisa National kupenda iri kusimba zvakaoma.

tenzi Guohua

Hsu Pei-vaisungirira zvakakwana nyanzvi dzinokosha unyanzvi European unyanzvi uye mubasa rake ikashandiswa navo Chinese tsika. Portraits ake anoshamisa umo womufananidzo nounyanzvi kwakaratidza mupfungwa unhu vanhu, vanoonekwa ounyanzvi Chinese art.

Ian Ifen, ndiye anenge National mibayiro zhinji, iri kuenderera akakodzera dzakabudirira emakore tsika.

Gu Yinchzhi, vakagamuchira zita "Mambokadzi Cats", anoshanda ari manyorerwo ndikaona-uye. Iye nounyanzvi kunoratidza mhuka, uye mifananidzo yake kupa Chinese nhume vaenzi yokumwe.

Qi Bai Shi - chimwe chezvishamiso zvikuru vamiririri zvidavado. Supervisory musiki, anokwanisa andobata chikuru features, anonyora yepakutanga mifananidzo, tichibatanidza unyanzvi kwazvo unyanzvi calligraphy uye kuratidza nemitsetse.

Education kuti kupenda

Vanhu vakawanda vanoda kudzidza zvakavanzika Guohua, asi kudzidza kuita hakusi nyore munyika unyanzvi ichi. Artists nguva yakawanda uchidzidzira usati wawana basa, riri kuitwa nenzira imwe cheteyo, kudzivisa zvikanganiso.

The Chinese vanoonga kwete chete runako kwokunze mifananidzo, asi mukati, simba ravo uye simba. Vazhinji zvitoro tengesa anokosha nyika Album nokuda colorings, izvo zvinoratidza kutevedzana kwezviitiko vanodhirowa. Kudzidziswa uku zvinopa kupenda zvibereko zvayo, uye akapotsa munhu anogona anotiratidza mufananidzo mune zvetsika maitiro. Saka vakaroverera zvakanaka kuravidza nokurerwa rudo unyanzvi.

Poetry, yawana chimiro

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti zvino Guohua arambe nguva. Akanga akafamba kubva yakamanikana pakupedzisira vokuChina National tsika. Munguva ziso hwemashiripiti pane nyaya iri panguva misoro, uye mifananidzo aya akazara kugutsikana itsva. Bvumira kubvumirana nemashoko chaiwo, akati "kupenda - zviri nhetembo, vakatora chimiro."