Sechivako minhenga shiri. marudzi minhenga

Minhenga - hazvina chete kushongedzwa shiri. Vanopa ushamwari, kugona nendege, kuwana peya iri kuberekesana mwaka, mwana tsotsonya uvande pazvikara. Funga Mhando minhenga vavo ezvirevo.

Sei minhenga?

Plumage - chiratidzo vakaberekwa chete kukirasi shiri. Zvinokosha shiri uye ane zvakawanda mabasa. Kunoitawo minhenga shiri dzinobhururuka, kutanga streamlined muviri chimiro, uye Chikurukuru - aitaridzika pose bapiro uye muswe. Munhenga anodzivirira muviri chipfuwo kubva kukuvara uye zvinokuvadza. Zvinobudirira mvura vanorega basa - pamusoro minhenga pedyo kuonana nemumwe uye kudzivirira wetting. Rezasi chikamu gandiwa minhenga, pasi minhenga uye pasi chaizvo zvakanyatsobatana, achiumba ari pamusoro imwe mhando airbag ganda, anodzivirira yehuku muviri hypothermia.

The plumage ane zvakasiyana ruvara uye chimiro, uye rine mashoko kwete chete pane mhando asi kazhinji munhu pabonde shiri nenhumbi. Chitarisiko anobatsira zvikuru basa iri intraspecific uye interspecific kukurukurirana.

The vakawanda nemamiriro chinyoreso

Plumage anoshanda akawanda anoitwa, uye ose chete che zvingava zvakasiyana chitarisiko. Next tichakurukura chii vari minhenga shiri. Marongerwo Zvinoumba minhenga vane zvakawanda zvakafanana, pasinei kuenda. Munhenga rinoumbwa puroteni puroteni. Kubva chete zvinhu sezvo nzara yedu uye bvudzi.

Sechivako shiri minhenga sezvinotevera: tsvimbo, quill, neminzwa, barbules, nezvikorekedzo. Hwaro chinyoreso nerimwe - a nechepakati core. Anoguma mhango quill, riri akatasva muchirugu bhegi iri paganda. Zita rokuremekedza iri akazviratidza mumazuva apo hanzi minhenga zvaishandiswa kunyora. Mazano avo ochinyali, kuti wakarodzwa.

Yokumusoro Chikamu chinyoreso hwaakange neminzwa, akadana mudhiramu. Kuti hunde pa necheparutivi pamusoro 45 ° kwakavharwa nenyama filamentary idzodzo zvakabatanidzwa - neminzwa yaro yokutanga murayiro. Ivo dziri kunyanya kunanga uye duku shinda - barbules (ainziwo neminzwa rechipiri kurongeka).

On the barbules zvokukochekera iyo barbules waakaita nevamwe uye kuumba gobvu uye kwakavharwa nenyama vanekuva riri kupikisa mhepo kufurirwa panguva kutiza. Kana nezvikorekedzo vari disengaged, shiri uchishandisa muromo anomururamisa navo. The mashandiro rinowanzoshandiswa achienzaniswa zipi. Barbules mujinga pasi vanekuva vasina nezvikokovonho zvinoumba chikamu munhenga.

marudzi minhenga

Maererano marongerwo uye mashandiro ari matanga inogona rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

• gandiwa;
• gozvo;
• dzeparamende;
• pasi;
• Zvinhu Zvisina Basa.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti minhenga nechokunze sokuti akanaka nyore yakarongeka, havana kunzwisisa uye akarayira ezvirevo uye akaumbwa zhinji duku zvinhu. The nemamiriro chinyoreso kunobva mabasa anoitwa.

gandiwa minhenga

minhenga gandiwa vari atumidzwa nokuti zvinoumba pepa rehurukuro muviri shiri uye mupe mumwe streamlined chimiro. Ndivo chikuru mhando minhenga ndokufukidza muviri wose. Structure gandiwa munhenga kuti shiri ndeichi: yakaoma chinoumba, kwakavharwa nenyama uye barbules zvakabatana muurongwa. minhenga izvi anoiswa pamusoro muviri hausi yunifomu, uye imbricate, izvo zvinoita kuti kufukidza guru pechiso muviri. Ivo wakaiswa pakati pteriliyah, zvatichakurukura ganda. shiri mamiriro gandiwa munhenga anoumba zvakasimba kurudza izvo anenge asingadi kupfuura mhepo.

The gozvo uye ndege minhenga

Minhenga ari muswe reshiri. Vane refu uye simba, muri vasiyana coccyx pfupa uye kubatsira kushandura kutungamirirwa kutiza.

Flight minhenga yakasimba, vanoumba bapiro Ndege uye inoitirwa kupa kutiza. Zvayaiva kumucheto bapiro uye shiri rinopa anosimudza simba runodiwa uye huru. Rezasi Chikamu shiri bapiro chinofukidza imwe mhando gandiwa minhenga - coverts.

Downy minhenga uye pasi

minhenga Down chiri panzvimbo muviri pamusoro kubudikidza gandiwa. Sechivako shiri Downy munhenga ine maitiro ayo, shamhu mutete chaizvo, pamusoro barbules hapana nezvikorekedzo. minhenga ava zvakapfava, Airy. Vari chiri pakati pasi uye gandiwa minhenga. Structure Downy shiri munhenga anobvumira kupa kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye.

Pooh anoyeuchidza munhenga mudanga, asi ane mapfupi zvikuru tsvimbo. Ndebvu vane nezvikokovonho, nyoro uye danda kubva quill.

Mamwe minhenga

Inogona kuva anonakidza maumbirwo minhenga. Shiri, kana pane mhando dzavo, vazhinji, uye vanogona maitiro avo. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe mhando vane shinda-zvakadai minhenga. Vane matete chaizvo inotungamirwa ane hunde refu uye chete neminzwa shoma pakupedzisira. Masayendisiti achiri havazivi chii chaizvoizvo basa ravo. Anofungidzirwa minhenga filamentous ndezvedu pfungwa uye kubatsira kusimbisa nzvimbo dzeparamende.

Sechivako minhenga (shiri mamwe marudzi), ukama pfungwa, anogara zvakananga. Somuenzaniso, ari bristles ushande sezvo kugumbuka uye anodzivirira mabasa ane nyoro chinoumba uye neminzwa shoma nechepasi. Vari riri mumusoro.

Pane akajeka minhenga - dzakachinjwa gandiwa. Vane zvitarisiko siyana uye ruvara uye zvinoshandiswa kukwezva vakadzi. Muenzaniso yaizova mupfumi pikoko kuti muswe.

Most mhando shiri dzine mumasero anokosha kuti pave chakavanzika kuti mhuka zvakazorwa dzaro minhenga. Kanoita kubva kuwana dzanyorova, zvinoita zvakawanda kwakavharwa nenyama. Asi pane shiri vasina mumasero yakadaro, uye ayo basa rinoitwa nevanhu upfu minhenga. Panyaya iyi maumbirwo yehuku feather nyore - inoitwa mudende, iyo inotanga pasi kukura uye crumbles mukati nezvimedu duku, kusikwa upfu mutsa, iyo kunotadzisa Feathering kubva wetting uye adhesion.

Kukura chinyoreso

Sechivako minhenga shiri inogona kunyatsonanga kunzwisisa, uye zvinoita kuti ave nyore. Kungofanana bvudzi, neminhenga kukura kubva follicle. Mumwe munhenga mutsva mukutanga kukura kuri tsvimbo tsinga uye tsinga, izvo zvokudya kukura kwayo. Hunde yacho kukura munhenga quill murima, kunonzi ropa. Pashure pokupedza kukura quill inova segirazi, ropa asisiri inoyerera.

The zvichiitika munhenga puroteni vakadzivirira waxy pabutiro. Pane imwe padanho pakukura pechifukidziro chinobviswa seshiri panguva preening. Mumwe, vaviri, dzimwe nguva katatu pagore shiri plumage inoshanduka zvachose. Old minhenga huchibuda kunze pachavo, nzvimbo yavo rakundwa vatsva. Izvi zvinonzi moult. shiri Most Molt zvishoma nezvishoma, pasina kurasikirwa kugona kubhururuka. Zvisinei, pane mhando kuti vanorasikirwa zvose zvavo kutiza minhenga uye haigoni kubhururuka. Sewevhu duck, swans.

ruvara

Sechivako minhenga shiri uye kunokanganisa ruvara rwayo. Unogona kugovera zvinhu chokuita Ruvara mudanga, mapoka maviri: mumuviri uye namakemikari. Makemikari zvinhu zvinosanganisira kuvapo pigments siyana mune minhenga. Linohromy kupa kuwanda siyana pamusoro yero, girini uye tsvuku melanins - mashava uye vatema.

The chaiko zvinhu zvinosanganisira refraction chiedza iri mumasero chinyoreso rekona kuti kuitika. Naizvozvo akatendeuka mutema, nezvakarukwa zvitema, nezvishava uye esimbi kubwinya.