Glycerin - chii ichi? Properties uye raishandiswawo nefuma. How kuti glycerin?

Glycerin - a trivalent doro. Rinoshandiswa mukurapa, zvokudya maindasitiri, zvizoro uye kunyange kuita Dynamite. Zvinotaurwa ehupfumi kuti glycerol? Ndinogona kuwana kumusha?

Chii Glycerin?

Glycerin chinhu makemikari fuma uye ari trihydric doro. Its makemikari chimiro sechinhu C ₃ H ₈ O ₃ kana HOCH ₂ -CH (OH) -CH ₂ OH. Zvinoreva glycerol kwakabatana ehupfumi ayo zvakananga. The zita rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki "glycosylation" kana "inotapira", nokuti inonaka kuravidza ane fuma.

Glycerin - imwe mvura yakachena, asi viscous uye zvachose odorless. Hazvina chepfu uye haisi muchetura, saka regai kuipa chero ngozi zvakananga kuonana ganda. In zvepanyama ezvinhu glycerol chikamu mafuta emhuka uye rinowanikwa zvikuru muriwo anonhuwirira. Kamhodzi Chikamu zviri muropa remhuka.

glycerin First rakaonekwa muna 1783, apo kemisiti Carl Scheele akashanda saponification kwemafuta uchibatsirwa mutobvu oxide. Panguva muchidziisa oxide namafuta vakatanga kuumba sipo mhinduro. Namarudzi kwemvura vakaumba namuka inotapira manyuchi.

ehupfumi

The fuma ine mukuru hygroscopic, kureva kwaniso yekubata unyoro uye vanorichengeta. ayo Kubika ndeyekuti 290 Celsius. At reflux, glycerin aoma uchiora. Pamusangano tembiricha kuti 362 madhigirii anogona nomuzvarirwo vesa. Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, nefuma haana kugadzikana ehupfumi asi runopwa kana neshungu. Combustion pamwe nokubudiswa nemvura carbon dioxide.

Glycerin hakusi soluble mune mafuta, Mahydrocarbon uye nhandare, asi zvakakwana soluble mumvura alcohols. Kana akawedzera mvura anowanikwa marwadzo kana zvinoderedza kuti Vhoriyamu mhinduro, uye tembiricha rinobuda. In musanganiswa zvakadaro, nechando pfungwa mvura ashaye.

With chicherwa uye carboxylic acids anoumba glycerol esters. At paro, mafuta ichi munyaya nedanho muviri uye mabasa anokosha utachiona Unoshanda nomuviri mhuka. Vamwe vavo Somuenzaniso, phospholipids.

Ester ndiye glyceryl trinitrate. The fuma kunoumbwa kuti glycerol pamwe nitrous acid. Izvi jikichira chepfu uye zvikuru putika mvura, inonyatsoziva kuchangotanga evanhu.

Glycerol uye mhangura hydroxide yokuumba yebhuruu rima mhinduro zvizere pokufa precipitate, zvichiratidza kuti acidic ehupfumi doro. Glycerin anokwanisa Kuparadzwa zvinonhuwirira alcohols, alkali, shuga, munyu uye mamwe makemikari uye inorganic yeimwe.

Nzira achigadzirira

Wokutanga munhoroondo imwe kwacho hwokubereka glycerol - munhu omylivanie. Akazviratidza pakutanga pamusoro fuma kemisiti Scheele. Mugumisiro izvi ndiko sipo mhinduro pamwe glycerol. Zvadaro, vanofanira achaparadzana mumwe, icho kushandisa yavaibvisa chloride. Zvadaro glycerol zvinokosha kuti thicken uye yakaidzwa DISTILLATION kana kusashanda kabhoni.

Imwe nzira kunosanganisira kuwedzera mvura kuti mafuta. Pane imwe kumanikidzwa, ivo vadziyirwa vakamutsa kwemaawa gumi, uye ipapo haachandidi. Pashure kutonhora fuma zvakajeka rakakamurwa vanoverengeka akaturikidzana pakudzika - glycerine nemvura iri repamusoro - acid.

The fuma iri kuwanikwa hydrolysis pamusoro makabhohaidhiretsi, akadai starch, runzimbe shuga. Asi zvino akaumba haisi mvura yakachena, uye musanganiswa pamwe glycols siyana.

Nzira dzose idzi kubatsira kuwana vanonzi zvokudya glycerin. Zviri hazvikuvadzi vanhu uye akawedzera achigadzirira zvimwe zvokudya. Kusiyana pazviri, uye pane unyanzvi glycerine. Izvi zvinhu haana kuwana kubva miriwo uye mhuka pakugadzira zvinhu, uye propylene - combustible gasi vane marwadzo kushanda.

kunyoresa

Uye zvokudya, uye hwokugadzira glycerin iri zvinowanzoshandiswa hwedu. It rinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti. Nitroglycerin rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzirwa Dynamite nezvimwe zvinoputika. Mukurapa, ichi pfuma ndiye zvikuru zvinodhaka, dilates nemidziyo ropa.

In indasitiri, rinoshandiswa mapepa gadzira, sipo. In kugadzirwa nemagetsi uye redhiyo panguva pokunamatidza nayo anoshumira ane zvinoyerera. Glycerin rinoshandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi mapurasitiki, kuvakwa pendi uye varnishes.

Yaigadzira zvokudya nayo rinonyoreswa sezvo chirungiso E422. emulsifier ichi, izvo zvinokosha kuwedzera viscosity, uye kusika blends siyana. The fuma iri nhengo yokurapa kugadzirira yakawanda inoshandiswa cartridges zvemagetsi fodya, nokuti zvaAtemisi makenduru. In zvipenyu glycerol zvinodiwa kuchengetedza nyama, nhengo, zvinenge uye gadziriro anatomical.

Glycerine muzvizoro

Nekuti glycerin anoramba mwando, izvozvo rinowanzoshandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana zvizorwa zvigadzirwa kuti ganda uye bvudzi kutarisirwa. Rinowanikwa Sipo, mune zvinovaka uye moisturizing mumakenduru.

The fuma chinopinda munzvimbo Epiderme e, mumvura vakabata masero. Saka, hazvina kupa ganda kuti tisanyanya yakaoma uye upenyu. Asi ane payakaipira. Chokwadi kuti mumhepo pamwe mhepo akaoma kwazvo (asingasviki 65% mwando), glycerine anotanga kufungisisa mwando kubva ganda, mberi zvikasabudiswa nayo.

Kazhinji cosmetologists regai yemutemberi kurishandisa muchando. Uyezve, kukura zvinokosha. Kuvapo uwandu glycerol ari ruomba duku chete anovandudza ehupfumi ganda. Pamwe chete nezvimwewo rinoshandiswa mumba Kubika Masiki uye lotions. Somuenzaniso, akabatana Orange uye mvura yokuchenesa uye toning, bvudzi rinoshandiswa pamwe zai, uchi, mafuta Castor zvimwe zvinhu.

How kuti glycerin?

Ndinofanira kutenga glycerin. Inogona vakabika pamba. Izvi zvinoda mafuta emhuka (1.9 kg), alkali (342 MG), mvura (995 MG) uye munyu. Fat anogona kutorwa kubva nyama ipi neipi, kubvisira payo zvose mutsinga nemidziyo ropa. Zvino isu kuita sezvinotevera:

• inonyunguduka makobiri mafuta pamusoro unosvikirwa nokupisa;
• ndokusiya kuchitonhora kune madhigirii 35;
• ari oga mudziyo chokugadzirira alkali, nokuisa nayo mumvura;
• tembiricha alkali anofanira kusvika madhigirii 35, saka zvinyoronyoro kunyatsoongorora muhomwe pani namafuta;
• kurumidzai zvinomutsa zvokubikisa vsyp munyu;
• mberi "munyu" uye kumutsa kusvikira musanganiswa anotanga ive imwe mvura yakachena uye ramakore mhinduro nechepasi kwira;
• kubata yose pamusoro rukoko - sipo iyi, rezasi rukoko - glycerol;
• isu dzinobvisa glycerol kuburikidza nesefa kana gauze kubvisa nezvimedu duku sipo.

Kuita pakugadzirira glycerol oga vanofanira kungwarira zvikuru. Dilution nemvura alkali iri neshungu pamusoro madhigirii 90. Vanofanira kushanda magiravhusi, magirazi (nemhute) uye sanganisa alkali kuva rinokosha mugaba.