Picric asidhi: Concise tsananguro zvinhu

Picric acid - chinhu yakaoma kemikari iri nitro rinobva kuna phenol. Zviya, mukomboni ichi chinozivikanwa zvesayenzi se "TRINITROPHENOL". Fuma pacharo uye ayo munyu zvinoshandiswa sezvo zvinoputika.

Picric asidhi: payakavakirwa uye panyama zvivako

Trinitrophenol fomura iri sezvinotevera:

C6H2 (NO2) 3OH

In yakaisvonaka chimiro, picric asidhi ndiyo yakasimba, chine ndiro-zvakadai crystals. crystals kwakadaro vangava Hauoneki kana vane zvishomanana yellowish tint. Utsotso pfungwa iyi yaiva + 122.5 Celsius.

Trinitrophenol kuravidza kwazvo, uye guruva rayo zvinoshatirisa nasal ndima. Mazhinji inhalation kuti zvinhu zvinokuvadza vanhu muviri, sezvo inoenda muchetura, kukuvara itsvo uye chitarisiko zvirwere ganda. Zvinhu uye pamamiriro kubatana mucous membranes. Muenzaniso, conjunctiva ziso pashure kurova nayo picric iine acid guruva anova tsvuku.

Picric asidhi: makemikari anoumba uye chikuru unhu

TRINITROPHENOL havaratidzi soluble, kunyange zvazvo tembiricha kunowedzera solubility parameters inowedzerawo nemvura. Zvisinei, akakodzera solvent nokuti fuma iri benzene uye methanol, chloroform uye acetone.

Picric asidhi zvakare anokwanisa rokuumba vanonzi eutectic wemisanganiswa. Chokwadi chokuti mukuru utsotso pfungwa kunoita mamwe hwokugadzira aiomerwa zvokushandisa zvombo. Uye paaisika muvhenganiswa trinitrokrezolom nitronaphthalene kana nhamba anogona zvishoma shoma.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti TRINITROPHENOL - a nani asidhi simba, iyo nokukurumidza uye kushingaira kupinda chinjanai zvavaifunga. The kukurukurirana nesimbi munyu vakaumba - atumidzwa picrates. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa munyu mutobvu, yavaibvisa, simbi uye calcium yakawanda. Sezvineiwo, picric asidhi munyu vari unetseke, kunoda imwe hanya kugadzirwa zvombo.

Picric asidhi uye putika mudziyo

Munhau waiva wokutanga TRINITROPHENOL kunobudirira putika. Putika zvivako asidhi uye ayo munyu kwakawanikwa kumativi kuguma namasere remakore, asi akashandisa zvakawanda muhondo yakatanga chete 30s pakati XIX remakore.

Kushandisa trinitrophenol akapa kurudziro itsva kukudziri- uto rwokugadzira. Chokwadi chokuti picrates uye picric asidhi pacharwo dzinokwanisa zvikuru vakakatyamadzwa dzinoparadza ehupfumi kupfuura upfu kuti yakashandiswa mumazuva iwayo.

Yepamusoro kukurumbira kwavo kwasvika zvinoputika yakadaro munguva Second World War. Panguva zuva chipo, ruzivo uyu anenge kumboshandisa.

Sei TRINITROPHENOL?

Picric asidhi anogona kuwanikwa munguva zvakananga nitration kuti phenol maitiro vaine kuwanda nitric acid. Asi vasati kufunga kutenga kupi nitric acid, zvinokosha kuziva kuti kugadzira muitiro kana pikrina picrates ngozi chaizvo. History anoziva zvakawanda chokuita Zviitiko.

Kushandisa picric asidhi

Kutaura zvazviri TRINITROPHENOL yakashandiswa kwete chete kuti kusika zvinoputika. Nezvenyaya iyi kwakapararira mune dzimwe sectors pamusoro indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, pikrin chinhu zvenguva dziri kugadzirwa vamwe madhayi.

The fuma kwave kuchizivikanwa mune zvokurapa, pane dzimwe nguva rinoshandiswa sechinhu akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona.

In kugadzirwa nesimbi picric asidhi rinoshandiswa sechinhu etchant. In kwemakemikari indasitiri rinoshandiswa sezvo anowedzera panguva yacho polymerization zvakaitwa. Kubva vanonzi rakagadzirwa pigments kuti staining histology kana ivhu kuti kutara murabhoritari mhuka.