Colombia: huwandu hwevanhu, hutsika hwayo, hunhu, nhamba, basa uye zvinhu zvinonakidza

MuColombia kune chando-chine makomo emakomo, mashizha akapisa uye masango anotyisa. Asi zvisinganyanyi kujeka zvinhu zvose zviri munzanga yevanhu, kuongorora, kuchengeteka uye mararamiro evanhu. Vagari vakawanda vane zvakawanda, asi ruzhinji rwevagari vemo vanogara pasi peurombo hutsika uye mune kutya nguva dzose. Upfumi hwepanyama hunobvumira hurumende kupa hupenyu hwepamusoro hwehupenyu, asi mari yemari inowanikwa mumaoko evashoma vane simba. Saka chii ichocho - Colombia, kana iwe uchichera kubva kumatungamiri ekufambisa?

Deta yedographic data

Vagari veColombia maererano nemashoko ekupedzisira ehurumende ndeye 47.8 mamiriyoni evanhu. Maererano nezvakafanotaurwa, muna 2050 nhamba yeColombia ichawedzera kusvika kune mamiriyoni 72,6, asi ipapo dambudziko revanhu richazotevera, uye mumakore makumi mashanu anotevera nhamba yacho ichaderera zvakare kusvika ku 41.7 mamiriyoni muna 2100.

Panguva iyo hurumende iri muchiitiko chekuchinja kwevanhu. Mukuwedzera, nhasi ndiyo Colombia ndiyo ndiyo yakakura yevapoteri muLatin America. Izvo zvikwereti zvakakwirira zvekubereka kwevanhu zvinogona kutungamirira kukuwedzera zvakasimba kwenhamba munguva yemberi iri pedyo, asi chidimbu chematambudziko evanhu munharaunda yakareba chichakonzera kuderera kwenhamba yevagari vemo.

Kuwanda kwevanhu

Kuwanda kwevanhu veColombia kune 42.9 vanhu pamakiromita mana. Nechiratidzo ichi, hurumende inotora nhamba 138 munzvimbo yepasi munyika maererano nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Mitsuwa yakawanda kwazvo yePacific neAtlantic Oceans, mapaa nemipata yeAndes, kureva, kumadokero nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumativi eColombia. Apa ndipo pane maguta makuru aripo. Vanhu vashoma vevanhu vose vanorarama kare munhoroondo yehurumende - pamhenderekedzo yeOrinok, iyo, nenzira, inogoneka.

Kugadziriswa nemaguta uye kuguta kwemaguta

Maguta eColombia nehuwandu anotevera ndeaya:

• Bogota ndiro guta guru reColombia, musha kune vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni 7.3, uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu muguta racho hunosvika zviuru mazana matanhatu pamakiromita mana.
• Medellin ndiro guta guru reDhipatimendi reAntioquia, guta rechipiri rinokosha kupfuura mamwe ose, rine vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni maviri, iyo vazhinji vevakabva kune dzimwe nyika vanogara kuMiddle East.
• Kalye iguta riri paPacific gungwa, rine vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 2.3.
• Bharranquilla ndiro gungwa guru uye rakagadzirwa nemabhizimisi muguta riri kuchamhembe kweColombia, rine vanhu vanokwana mamiriyoni 1.7 uye nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika 6.7 vane zviuru makiromita.
• Bucaramanga ndiyo "guta reparaki", iro rinonzi ndiro rakanaka kwazvo muColombia, iyo yakazara ine mamiriyoni evanhu.

Pasi rose, hurumende ine madhipatimendi makumi maviri nematanhatu uye imwe yedunhu remaguta.

Colombia, inowanikwa vanhu vakawanda mumaguta, inonyanya kugadziriswa. 70% yehuwandu hwevanhu vanogara munyika musango rekuguta. Vazhinji vavo (93%) vanodzidza, asi kumaruwa mazinga ekuverenga uye maverengera ndeye 67% chete.

Zera uye urongwa hwehuwandu hweColombia

Muhutano hwezera hwehuwandu hweColombia, kubva muna 2017, vanhu vezera rekushanda ndivo vanowanzoita. Iri boka rinobatanidza vagari vane makore gumi nemashanu kusvika ku65. Nhamba yevanhu vanogona nhamba muzvikwereti zvizere ndeyevanhu vane mamiriyoni 32,9, iyo muzana yemashoko anoenderana ne 67.2% yevanhu.

Kune vanhu vane mamiriyoni 16.3 pakati pevanhu vane simba, uye madzimai ane mamiriyoni 16.6 Kupatsanurana maererano nekuita zvepabonde kunofananidzwa nezviratidzo zvenyika yose: paavhareji, kune vamiririri zana vehutano hwakasimba hwevakadzi 105, kureva, iyo inokwana 1.05. Kuvanhu vezera rekushanda muColombia, chimiro chakafanana chika 1.01.

KuColombia, kune dzimwe nyika dzichiri kusimukira, pane rudzi runoramba rwuchikura kana ruchikura rwepabhiridhi yemakore:

• Nhamba yevana vari pasi pemakore gumi nemasere anowirirana ndeye 13.1 mamiriyoni (mumapepanheji - 26.7%), kusanganisira mamiriyoni 6,7 evanasikana uye mamiriyoni 6,4 mhandara;
• Vagari vekugara muhurumende kune mamiriyoni matatu chete (6.1%), ayo varume - 1.2 mamiriyoni, vakadzi - 1.8 mamiriyoni.

Dhiyabhorosi yakadaro inokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekufa nehuwandu hwekubereka muColombia, iyo, zvakare, yakafanorongerwa, pakati pezvimwe zvikonzero, nehutsika hwakanaka hwezvedzidzo uye zvekurapa.

Upenyu Husingatarisiri

Hupenyu hunotarisirwa pakuberekwa hunotaridzwa pamamiriro ezvinhu ekuti vanhu vanoona nezvekubereka nekufa zvinoramba zvisingashanduki. MuColombia, nhamba yacho ndeyemakore 74.6 zvevakomana nemadzimai. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chikuru: hutarisiro hwehupenyu hwepasi pose huri pamakore anenge 71.

Ivhareji yemararamiro ehupenyu muColombia anosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nehutano. Nokudaro, kune vakadzi chiyero makore 79, nokuda kwevarume - makore 71.3.

Kutanga uye kuumbwa kwenyika yevanhu

Colombia, inharaunda yavo inowanikwa nhatu dzemadzinza makuru nemadzinza emhuri yavo yakavhengana, yakasiyana-siyana maererano nehutano hwemadzinza evanhu. Pano, vaSpain vakoloniyasi, vatorwa vanobva kuEurope uye kuMiddle East, vakasvika muzana remazana makumi maviri (vatsvene), varanda kubva kuAfrica (vatsva) uye vaIndia vakavhengana.

Nharaunda yemunharaunda yeColombia - vanhu veCaribbean, Arabavax uye chibchas - zvinenge zvisingachagoni kuvapo mukushanda kwekoloni kana sechikonzero chezvirwere zvakatangwa nevaEurope. Vagari venyika yemazuva ano vanotungamirirwa neMestizo - dzinza revakaroorana vakavhengana veEurope vane vamiririri vehuwandu hwemunharaunda vane 58% yevagari vemo. Kunenge 1 muzana chete yevagari vomuColombia ndeyeMadzinza.

Yakanyanya kuwandisa chikamu cheVaColombia - vana veEurope-vaikononi pasina kuwirirana kweIndia ropa. Imwe 14% iri mumatattoes, inenge 4 muzana ndeyevanhu vemaAfrika, uye 3% ndevevana vevanhu vakaroorana vakavhengana veAfrica nevaIndia.

Vagari vomuEurope vanozvarwa uye dzinza rekuroorana pakati peSpain neIndia dzomunharaunda vanogara, sekutonga, munzvimbo dzenharaunda uye maguta anokurumidza kukura mumakomo. Mestizo-campesinos vanogara zvikuru mumaruwa muAndes, mumaguta vanomiririra vashandi nevatengesi vaduku.

Mamiriro evanhu veIndia muColombia

Muna 1821, maIndia akaonekwa sevasununguko uye vagadzirisa mitemo yepakati pemagariro evanhu. Iko kare muzana remakore rechina, vamwe vamiririri vevanhu vemunharaunda vakakwanisa kusvika kumatunhu makuru ehondo uye vanotora hurumende.

Mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika kubva muna 1890 akapa kuti vaAorigines vaisazotungamirirwa nemitemo yakawanda, asi nemitemo inokosha. Muna 1961 maiva neavo vanenge makumi masere ekuchengetedzwa kwenyika munyika (resguardo), iri kunyanya kumaodzanyemba-kumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Kurwisana kwekupedzisira kwekodzero kwakatungamirira mukucherechedza kwezviverengero zvakasiyana-siyana. Mutemo reMitemo zvakare unozivikanwa kune vaAorigine kodzero yekutonga hurumende nekurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa.

Kubva muna 2005, 567 kumutswa kwakanyoreswa kuColombia, pamwe chete nevanopfuura 800 000 vanhu. Nyika ine Dhipatimendi reVaboriginal Matambudziko (pasi peMuzinda weZvenyika), pamwe chete neNational Human Rights Commission yeAboriginal Peoples inobata nenyaya dzevanhu veIndia.

ChiKristu nedzimwe zvitendero muColombia

Colombia, inowanikwa vanhu vakawanda vevana vevanhu vakaroorana vakasiyana-siyana veEurope vane vamiririri vemadzinza emunharaunda, nhasi ihurumende. Mutemo reMitemo inotsigira rusununguko rwechitendero uye inorambidza kusarura kupi zvako pane zvechitendero, asi Chechi yeKaturike inotora nzvimbo yakawanda.

Vakawanda vevagari vemo (95.7%) vanozviti chiKristu, izvo zvakapinda munharaunda yeColombia pamwe chete nevatongi veSpain. Nhamba yevaKaturike ine 79% (asi muma1970 vateveri veChechi yeKaturike vaiva anenge 95%), nhamba yevaProtestanti inofungidzirwa iri pakati pe10% uye 17%. Kunewo nhamba shomanana yeOrthodox, Zvapupu zvaJehovha nemamoroni.

Anomiririra muColombia is Islam uye chiJudha. VaMuslim vemazuva ano veColombia ndivo vanowanzova vana vevakabva kune Siria, Palestine neRebhanoni vakatamira kuColombia munguva yekupera kwegumi nemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakore ekutanga. Nhamba yevaMuslim inofungidzirwa pa 14 zviuru zvevanhu, uye vevaJudha vanoverenga 4.6 vanhu zviuru.

Yakachengetwa munzvimbo yekutenda uye maonero ekunamata, ayo akazara munzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika. Nhamba yevateveri vavo ndeyevanhu vanenge zviuru makumi matatu nezvishanu. Nenguva nenguva mune zvenhau kunewo mitsara pamusoro pekubuda kwenhamba yakawanda yezvitendero zvitsva, izvo zvakagadziriswa kuva Asia neEurope. Mukuwedzera, muColombia kune Sataniist, kufamba kwemashiripiti uye esoteric.

Muzvose, anenge 1.1% yevagari veColombia haisi vechitendero.

Kodzero yemari yeColombia uye basa

Basa guru rehuwandu hweColombia rinotanga kugadzirisa hurongwa hwehupfumi hwehurumende. Nzvimbo dzakakosha zvekurima dzinotora chikamu chechishanu chendima yeColombia, kuitira kuti mune zvekurima inoshandisa 22% yevanhu vane simba. Nyika inozadza zvizere zvayo zvekudya, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekutengesa zvinhu ikofi - Colombia ndiyo yechitatu munyika yose mukugadzirwa kwayo.

Basa rezvemari rehuwandu rinotungamirirwawo kumagetsi, umo 18.7% yevagari vemakore ekushanda vanoshandiswa. Zvinhu zvekusika zvinomiririrwa nemadhamondi (90% emadhaimondi epasi rose anodyiwa muColombia), mafuta, marasha, ndarama, mhangura uye iron ore. Kugadzira michina inogadzira micheka, makemikari, midziyo uye zvinhu zvekutengesa.

Chii chizvarwa cheColombia chinowedzera mune zvemabhizimisi uye zvekurima? Nyika yakagadzira kushambadzira uye kutakura, kuitira kuti chikamu chikuru chevagari vemo vabatanidzwe munzvimbo idzi dzehupfumi. Ivhareji yemari muColombia (maererano nematare ehurumende) i $ 692.

Demographic load factor

Dhiyabhorosi index, yakabatana zvikuru nehuwandu hwevanhu, zvepabonde nehutano hwematongerwo enyika uye hupfumi hwehurumende, ndiyo inokwana yehuwandu hwevanhu. Iri izwi rinoratidza mutoro munharaunda uye hupfumi kune chikamu chevanhu vezera rekurega basa, pamwe nevana.

KuColombia, mutengo wezvinhu zvose ndewe 48.9%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chizvarwa chezera rakanaka rinenge kaviri nhamba yevagari vepenheni uye yezera remakore. Ichi chiyero chinoumba mutoro unorema zvikuru munzanga.

Nhau dzehupfumi muColombia

Colombia, avo vanogara kubva muna 1980 chaizvoizvo vari kurwisana pakati pehurumende nevapanduki, vane mararamiro anonyadzisa ekurarama. Vakawanda vanogara pasi pehurombo, imwe chikamu chevanhu - mune upfumi, vakawana, pachena, kwete basa rakatendeseka. Kubudirira mune bhizinesi rega muColombia kunenge kusingagoneki, uye kusaenzana kunosvika kunzvimbo dzakakwirira. Idzidziso yechisimba inobudirira munyika, munzvimbo dzinotungamirirwa nezvikwata zvevanhu, vanhu vanovhiringidzika kusvika kumagumo.