David Hilbert: upenyu yemasvomhu guru

David Hilbert - yakakurumbira yemasvomhu uye mudzidzisi chemhando mukirasi, asingazivi kuneta, Rambai ake kuita, unokurudzira uye rupo, mumwe mukuru nguva yake. Rokusika, nevamwe mavambo pfungwa, imwe njere chinoshamisa uye vakasiyana zvido Dhavhidhi akawana muminda dzakawanda sayenzi chaiwo.

Gilbert David: pfupi Biography

David akaberekerwa luckkuva, iri pedyo Königsberg (Prussia). Akaberekwa musi waJanuary 23, 1862, aiva wedangwe kubva vakaroorana - Otto uye Mary. Gilbert akanga asiri mwana prodigy; rave kuisa chinangwa kuti zvakazara kuongorora ose nharaunda wemasvomhu, akanga rwakapedza dambudziko kuti iye kuziva. With okuguma okusika chido kudzidza munda chiito, David akasiya vadzidzi vake. Vachinzi vakasara kumhedziso nenzira, kuvadzidzisa chakakodzera uye akabudisa yakanaka vateveri Tutorial. Gilbert aigona mberi mune imwe nzira: kuzivisa itsva gore chikoro, pakaitwa kosi pamusoro asina kudzidza navo masvomhu uye vakakunda pamwe chete pinza nevadzidzi. Kuti tiwane pamusoro kosi iyi kwainzi rakabudirira, kunyange zvazvo chokwadi kurovedza pamusoro zvakaoma rakakura.

Gilbert nevadzidzi vake

David Hilbert, ane Biography Zvinofadza kuti vemazuva ano, aiva nehanya uye zvakanaka kuti vadzidzi vakafunga kuti zvinogona. Kana chinopa chisisimo, musayendisiti nomutsa akavayambira kuedza pachangu nenzira yakasiyana yezviitwa zverudzi. Vamwe vadzidzi Hilbert akatevera zano mudzidzisi uye vave mainjiniya, yefizikisi uye kunyange vanyori. Purofesa haana kunzwisisa idlers uye akaona vakaderera vanhu. Sezvo munhu airemekedzwa chaizvo sayenzi, David aiva pachake peculiarities ayo. In inodziya ekunze, akasvika kutsoropodza ari shirt pfupi maoko uye pachena chipika, iyo kufanira muzvinadzidzo, kana vakatakura maruva akasungwa kuchiva zhinji. Aigona kuuya pamusoro bhasikoro, sokunge chipo zvimwe mhando, tora mumwe mudziyo kuti fetiraiza. Zvisinei, pasinei rufaro rwake, David Hilbert tsvarakadenga zvakaoma munhu uye unhu aigona kushora vaya hachibatsiri panguo nezvaanoda (kukuomerai mawana, apo zvaigona kuitwa nyore, kana tsanangura zvakajeka kuti wechikoro pamwero).

Zvidzidzo rokutanga Hilbert

Kukwanisa kwaro kuchireva sayenzi David Hilbert, pfupi Biography kuti rinorondedzerwa munyaya ino, richiri akanzwa Koenigsberg, uko basa wemasvomhu kuverenga shoma. Naizvozvo, vakasarudza akanyarara Göttingen - Nzvimbo muunganidzwa mathematicians German, Hilbert muna 1895 vakatamira ikoko uye vakashanda zvinobudirira kusvikira 1933 - kubva kuuya nesimba Adolf Hitler.

hurukuro yake Gilbert kuverenga zvishoma nezvishoma, pamwe hapana frills, pamwe kakawanda repetitions kuti kunzwisisa zvose. Uyewo, nguva dzose Dhavhidhi akati yapfuura zvinhu. nehurukuro Hilbert vari nguva dzose akaunganidzawo vazhinji: muhoro aigona nabitsya vanhu vanoverengeka zana vakanga akaisa kunyange windowsills.

David akatanga kudzidza nemasvomhu, kuti munoreva - pamwe nokuchinja dzidziso nhamba. Report pamusoro penyaya raiva musimboti bhuku rake.

Hilbert mhuri

Lucky muna ushamwari, David akanga rombo rakaipa mumhuri. Mukadzi wake Kathe chavainacho zvakanaka chaizvo, asi mwanakomana wavo chete akaberekwa ari moron. Naizvozvo, Gilbert akawana nzira yokubudisa mu kukurukura vadzidzi vazhinji - vamiririri nyika dzokuEurope uye American. Mathematicians kazhinji vakarongeka musango uye akaronga kwemajoini pati ane tii, panguva iyo nharo pamusoro kwemasvomhu nyaya zvakanaka kupinda zvavo kukurukura nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana. Prim mapurofesa German havazivi werudzii ichi dzokukurukurirana; ndiro simba Dhavhidhi Gilberta akariita ndozvakajairwa, iyo vakapararira pasi pose vadzidzi masvomhu.

Nokukurumidza algebraic pamasvomhu nezvido vakatamira munyika geometry, kureva, mune magumo nzvimbo. The muganhu pfungwa kutevedzana, musiyano uri pakati pavo, kundosvikazve pakona pakati vectors akataura Hilbert nzvimbo - Euclidean kufanana.

About kudzorera runyararo sayenzi chaiwo

Mumakore 1898-1899 David Hilbert yakabudisa bhuku iri nheyo geometry, pakarepo akava Bestseller. Mairi akapa kwegadziriro axioms ose Euclidean geometry zvakakwana, kuronga mumapoka, vachiedza kutsanangura miganhu neimwe.

Kubudirira Izvi zvakakonzera Hilbert pfungwa yokuti unogona kushandisa kwegadziriro zvinokosha axioms uye tsanangudzo yakajeka nerimwe kwemasvomhu munda. Sezvo chinokosha muenzaniso yemasvomhu vakasarudza mukuru dzidziso rinovira, uye mariri - pamusoro yakakurumbira Cantor kuti continuum pfungwa. David Hilbert akakwanisa kuratidza unprovable pfungwa iyi. Zvisinei, muna 1931 imwe muduku yeAustria Kurt Gödel kwakaratidzei kuti postulates akaita continuum pfungwa, rakanga aionekwa somumwe fanira Hilbert axioms pamusoro yakatarwa yokuti, mune chero nyika axioms. Mutsara uyu zvinoratidza kuti kukura sayenzi hakuiti mira uye haazombofi kumisa, asi nguva imwe neimwe vachafanira wekuvamba axioms itsva uye tsanangudzo - chinhu kuti zvakazara kujairana uropi hwomunhu. Gilbert aiziva ichi kubva pane zvakaitika, saka iye pachokwadi akafara inoshamisa kuwanikwa Godel.

"Kwemasvomhu Problems" Hilbert

At makore 38 okuberekwa panguva Congress of Mathematicians muParis, wakabudisa pamwe dzemauto sayenzi nguva, Gilbert akataura pamusoro "kwemasvomhu Matambudziko", iyo, sezvo nyaya yacho yakapa 23 misoro inokosha. Chinokosha zvebasa masvomhu panguva iyoyo, Hilbert zvaiona vachishingaira kuva munda sayenzi (yakatarwa yokuti, algebraic geometry, chadzo pachisara kwemasvomhu zvisingarambiki, nhamba dzidziso), rimwe nerimwe pachena mabasa anokosha kuti mugumo remakore rechi20 kana kugadziriswa kana akagamuchira uchapupu ayo undecidability.

Chinonyanya kukosha basa kuti masvomhu

Rimwe zuva musikana vadzidzi vakabvunzwa Gilbert mubvunzo chii basa, yake pfungwa, chinonyanya kukosha masvomhu, uye akagamuchira mhinduro kuchembera nyanzvi: "! Mha nhunzi iri seri mwedzi" Maererano Hilbert, dambudziko iri harisi kunyanya inonakidza, asi chii tarisiro aigona kuzarura panguva yayo sarudzo! kunobatanidza Zvakawanikwa zvinokosha uye zvakagadzirwa kubva nzira simba sei zvikuru!

Kururama Hilbert Mashoko hwakasimbiswa ne upenyu: zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti nokugadzirwa makombiyuta chaiva pakarepo kukarukureta pakati hydrogen bhomba. Zvakawanikwa akadai ari kumhara munhu wokutanga pasi mwedzi, mamiriro ekunze for yose nyika, nezvekutanga Sputnik akava mhando ne-chigadzirwa mhinduro. Zvinosuruvarisa Gilbert mukana ave chapupu zviitiko zvakadaro.

Mumakore akazotevera ake, Professor asina vakatarisa pokuwa chikoro wemasvomhu muna Göttingen, kunoitika pasi vaNazi. Akafa David Hilbert, nyanzvi yemasvomhu, aita mupiro guru sainzi, February 14, 1943 pamigumisiro rwatyoka. Chinokonzera rufu rwakanga chaiko kutadza kufamba masvomhu.