Mukonikoni: mamiriro, tsananguro uye mifananidzo

Nyaya ino zvinoratidza kuti iwe kutaura, kworudzii chisikwa - munhu mukonikoni. The mamiriro, kudya kunovaka, kubereka, kubatsirwa uye kukuvadza - mibvunzo yedu yose inokosha kuti uchawana mhinduro nokuverenga nyaya pfupi iyi.

Kutanga kuchengetedza: remukonikoni rine makumbo matanhatu zvine. Tupukanana ichi, kungova subclass mapapiro nezvipembenene. zvisikwa izvi vakawanda vane kunyange kukupfura yako - a mukonikoni.

Wakambonetseka sei kuti zita ravo mukonikoni? In mutauro wokuRussia - zviri mubatanidzwa mashoko ekare maviri tsukuduka uye Chibayiso. Shoko rokutanga rakashandurwa kuva tsukuduka, uye wechipiri - kusvetuka. Zita iri zvakazara anorondedzera kutiza uchitsanya zvamarudzi zvisikwa anonzi mukonikoni. Construction - ndiwo mubvunzo wokutanga kuti tinotarisira iyezvino.

mamiriro

Remukonikoni, sechivako yatiri munyaya iyi, ine refu uye dzakaonda chaizvo muviri. It, akavapindurawo, zvakabatana yacho cephalothorax. Mukonikoni pamusoro hunde, tinogona kuona majoko matatu makumbo maviri yegwara mapapiro. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mapapiro vari segirazi, vave zvakaenzana uye kuumba uyewo zvakasiyana. Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya muudzame Patinoongorora mhando. Mukonikoni, chivakwa ringaita dzinosiyana mhuka vangapinda rimwe mapoka makuru maviri:

• Homoptera.
• Remukonikoni.

Hazvina kuoma kunzwisisa, boka rokutanga unosanganisira vane mapapiro zvakaenzana urefu uye chimiro, vamwewo - on zvinopesana (imwe peya anogona akasiyana mumwe). On musoro mukonikoni tinogona kusiyanisa maziso akanaka guru uye tunonzwa. Vashoma chokuita pfungwa. Meso nezvipembenene izvi zvakaoma. Vanogona rakakamurwa muzvipoka zviviri:

• rokumusoro kukonzera kuziva chinhu;
• Lower anokonzera ruvara pamutemo.

Pamwe wakacherechedza kuti segirazi mapapiro dragonflies pamwe yayo yose kureba vane mitaro uye zvasviba mavara chiri panzvimbo mazano avo pane ruvara wamapapiro pachavo. mudziyo ichi chinobatsira kudzivirira mitswe wamapapiro, nokuderedza vibration panguva kutiza.

Rangarirai kutiza nezvimwe zvisikwa zvinobhururuka. Ichi chakanaka uye synchronous kufamba mapapiro. Dragonflies uye pakarepo kwakapfuura, bapiro masangano anogona asynchronous, sezvo ivo vari pakati nepakati uye nemasiraidhi akapendwa kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Zvakakosha kuziva uye chii venyama izvi zvinogona kuva nimble kutiza nokukurumidza anosvika 50 makiromita paawa.

upenyu anotarisirwa

We akatarira vamwe STRUCTURAL zviri dragonflies, asi zvakakosha kuti kujekesa kuti vanogona kurarama kwemakore gumi. Uyu chaiye refu-vaigara munyika nezvipembenene. Ngatitorei ichi zvishoma.

All pamusoro redu, pane vanopfuura zviuru 6.5 marudzi chezvisikwa izvi kujairika, ichiyevedza uye akanaka. In Russia unogona kuwana vashoma rudzi, vanenge 150. Saka hunotarisira dragonflies upenyu kunobva mhando, shoma iri mwedzi miviri, uye zvikuru centenarians vanogona kurarama kumativi gumi makore. Izwi iri rinosanganisira yakazara kutenderera okukura rezvipembenene uye mazana kukura mune dzimwe mhuka dzinogona kutora gore anopfuura chete.

mhando

The kwokunze maumbirwo remukonikoni kunobva mhando. Govera zvipembenene suborder Data matatu chete:

• Homoptera;
• mukonikoni;
• anisozygoptera.

Sei zvakasiyana? Wokutanga mhando ine mbiri mbiri mapapiro, vane yakamanikana uye zvinenge zvakafanana chimiro. Kana mukonikoni zviri izororere mamiriro, uye mberi neshure ichibhabhamisa ndokubhururuka kumusoro uye interconnected. Kana yechipiri, mapapiro akasiyana chimiro, panguva yokuzorora ari flattened divi. Wechitatu suborder anosanganisira chete genus, tupukanana izvi nevakawanda muJapan, uye India. zvapedzisira chikabviswa ndiyewo ari chokwadi kuti nokubatanidza zvinhu rokutanga uye rechipiri suborder.

Vakawanda vamiririri damselflies:

• Beauty.
• Museve.
• Mwana-nymph.
• Megaloprepus caerulatus.

Zvinokosha kuziva chokwadi kuti rokupedzisira izvi - ndivo kupfuura remukonikoni munyika. muviri wavo kureba masendimita anosvika gumi uye ine mapapiro nemapfumbamwe.

Mutsindo vamiririri suborder remukonikoni:

• Dozorschik-mambo.
• Golden-iwo mukonikoni.
• Ambuya simbi.
• Dedkov munhuwo.
• Vagrant darter.

nzvimbo

Mamiriro Akaita kwokunze maumbirwo remukonikoni uye nzira kubereka kunobva nzvimbo. Zvipembenene izvi vanosarudza kugara uye kuita zvokurarama nazvo zvavo pedyo mvura. Tingaitei kutsanangura imwe kukwezvana akadaro mvura eremendi? Ndicho nyore chaizvo: dragonflies mazai mumvura nayo.

Ivo sarudza nzvimbo mugomo hova, muna madziva, nyanza, nzizi uye nemigero. Kunewo mamwe marudzi dzakadai dragonflies, izvo vanoda anezvimiti. Dragonflies - a zuva-rudo tumbuyu, kazhinji patinodziya mushana, patinoravira zuva iri patsangadzi uye paMaare. Zvisinei, kubva mvura kwete kubhururuka. The ramakore kuchinaya mazuva dragonflies regai kubvisa, vanosarudza kuva "pokuvanda".

chikafu

Chinotevera mubvunzo - ndiro womukati mamiriro remukonikoni uye kudya kunovaka. Sezvambotaurwa, remukonikoni ndowenyika mhando arthropods. Tinoziva kuti vamiririri mhando kweropa ezvinhu asina kuvharwa, mwoyo anotarira akafanana multi-kamuri mugaba. Brain uye ventral tsinga netambo dziri tsinga nezvipembenene.

Chii chingataurwa dzakabudirira dzichiruma mouthparts, chiratidzo zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira, elongated muviri uye yakakura, mapapiro zvakakwana simba? Chokwadi, dragonflies vari nezvikara. Vanongofunga kudya pamusoro nhunzi zvavo. Vakaguta tumbuyu, kazhinji kunokuvadza. Vanobata mhuka nemazinzara makuru, duku (midges, umhutu) vanobatwa zvakanaka shaya. Kuti unakidzwe zvakatapwa guru, dragonflies kuwana pasi. Hunting - chiseko chaiyo. Kunyange akanaka uye nimble flyers, sezvo nhunzi regai kutiza nenzara dragonflies. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti vamiririri dragonflies vari voracious chaizvo. Masikati vanodya chayabata kakawanda ayo uremu (somuenzaniso, nhunzi anogona kuparadza anopfuura mana pazuva).

kubereka

Tava amutsvaka STRUCTURAL zviri dragonflies, nzira yokudya uye zvakatipoteredza mupenyu. Zvino zvishoma pamusoro nedanho kubereka. Muchangosangana anotora nzvimbo mudenga. The mazana yakaiswa vakawanda mukadzi kumira mumvura, nhamba yavo kunosvika mazana mashanu. Kwakadaro mari kunodikanwa nokuda varombo larval tipone. Mazana vari iiswe dzakasiyana:

• vachidonhedzera mumvura;
• kukwana kunyudza;
• kunyatsonyudzwa imwe mhepo sefuro.

Zvazvakadaro, ari mazana zvingava pamazuva makumi maviri kusvika mwedzi mipfumbamwe, zvose kunoenderana mhando remukonikoni, zvakatipoteredza uye zvimwewo. Pashure anooneka pronymph (kutenderera upenyu mumasekonzi anoverengeka), zvikuru naiad. Uyezve, dukutu kukura kubva mashomanana kune akawanda.

Benefits uye pokukuvadza

Use ndechokuti vakuru ukuparadze remukonikoni bothersome uye noxious tumbuyu (umhutu, nhunzi nezvimwewo), avo mazana inoparadza mosquito mazana. Zvisinei, dragonflies kuwarirawo chirwere ngozi shiri - protogonimoz. The mazana vamwe vamiririri vanokwanisa kudya furaya Fisheries.