Zvenguva hondo - chiri muviri umo munhu chisvetasimba upenyu uye dzinoita

Ichitanga tupukanana dzakawanda upenyu zvinoshamisa kunzwisisa. Kuti aende mumatanho ose kukura, vanoda nguva yakawanda kuchinja hondo. Rimwe izvi zvichava chikuru wehondo. Mumuviri wake chisvetasimba achakwanisa bereka pabonde kana asexually. Asi tichataura pamusoro zvenguva hondo.

Chii kana ndiani zvenguva hondo?

Zvenguva hondo - Tupukanana ichi, mhuka kana munhu, muviri zvinopa mukana chisvetasimba mhenyu larval danho. Inside the zvenguva hondo zvinogona asexual kubereka. Somuenzaniso, muviri womunhu inopa pfupi dzinogarisana nokuda marariya chisvetasimba, tapeworm nezvimwe tupukanana.

Zvisinei, kwete ose muviri umo chisvetasimba yakashanyira panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kukura, riri kuonekwa kuva zvenguva hondo. Saka akadana chete mhuka apfuure muviri iyo - chinhu chinodiwa kuti yezwi chinotevera kutenderera chisvetasimba kukura.

ari chisvetasimba ari zvenguva hondo sei?

Nomufambiro mazana iri zvenguva svikiro rakakamurwa 3 mhando:

1. The zvenguva muviri vachigadzirira uchatamisa imwe dukutu iri zvachose nehondo. Muchiitiko chino, zvainoreva kwayo kukura hakuitiki. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo trypanosomes kuti kuva mhuka, kana kuruma nhunzi kuwira pamusoro proboscis zvavo neropa kuwana episamtigodnuyu rokuumba zvipembenene dumbu uye pachishandiswa ikaruma dzimwe mhuka.
2. The unhu rechipiri riri kuchengetwa nomuviri zvenguva vehondo, apo utachiona hwacho kuchinja substantially, asi kwete kuwanda. Panguva nzira yokubudisa kubva pamuviri, nhamba tupukanana abatwa mairi haisi ichiwedzerwa. kutenderera uku kukura ane mhando dzakawanda roundworms uye tapeworms.
3. A chechitatu unhu anogona kuitika kana zvenguva hondo - muviri umo rinoitwa kwete chete kuvandudza, asiwo asexual kubereka. Panyaya iyi, iyo zvenguva muviri uchaparadza kuwana mumwe chisvetasimba, uye goho achava zviuru zvinoverengeka, vakagadzirira kukanganisa zvachose wehondo.

Zvenguva wehondo utachiona hwacho

Funga dzakananga chimiro chisvetasimba, chikuru muridzi kuti munhu, ane zvenguva hondo - mombe (mhou, nzombe). Tiri kutaura imwe unarmed nenzombe Chain.

In womunhu chikuru tapeworm awana zvakaipa kurapwa nyama. Tsesterki akatanga kupinda zvinyama uye kutanga basa kukura. Mugumisiro kukura iri rakakura tapeworm kuti anogara yevanhu ura. honye kuti urefu anogona kusvika 12-14 metres!

Mumuviri, chikuru hondo chisvetasimba anogona kurarama makore makumi maviri, munguva iyoyo inobereka mabhiriyoni mazai, izvo vachasunungurwa kubva ura pamwe pachituru, vamwe vavo mberi pakukura yavo zvenguva hondo. Sezvambotaurwa, iyi nyaya zvenguva hondo - iri mhou kana nzombe.

Mune dumbu ari vamiririri vezvipfuwo kubva mazai mazana kuzviratidza (hexacanth) akashongedzerwa chaizvo nezvikorekedzo. Ivo kuurura ari intestinal zvinyama uye achatambanudza yose muviri. In tsandanyama mazana mhou achaenda danho rinotevera, vanoumba Finns, izvo zvichatsvakwa kupinda mukuru keriya muviri.

chiropa flukes

Chimbofunga mumwe tupukanana ane kunzwisisa kuibvisa kutenderera umo mune dzakawanda zvenguva wehondo mhando. Boka iri rinonzi chiropa flukes. Izvi zvinosanganisira chiropa uye katsi fluke, hofori, lanceolate uye Chinese fluke.

Yokutanga zvenguva hondo chiropa fluke - a clam. muviri wake mazana kuwana matanho anoverengeka kuberekwazve: miracidia, sporocysts rediae. Yakanga chete chizvarwa chechitatu mazana - flukes kubuda mollusk muviri kunotsvaka inotevera zvenguva hondo.

Wechipiri zvenguva hondo chiropa fluke (flukes) - hove. More kazhinji vanopinda mhuri kabhu pane kwete. Kana netambo Michina salting kana rwakakwana kupisa pakurapa zvinyama pakati flukes hove kuwira wokupedzisira hondo muviri, Vakazopinda ari chiropa kana bile ducts. Nokuti munhu ngozi Chinese fluke uye katsi fluke.

Lancet fluke

Chimwe mhando - lanceolate fluke, wokutanga zvenguva muviri clam anwa kutevera zvenguva hondo - Svosve, uye zvakare wokupedzisira hondo muviri - herbivore.

To pokumuka kutenderera inodzokororwa huru hondo mazai vanofanira kupinda zvakatipoteredza, kureva muna mudhamu. Pano ivo "kumedza" zvenguva hondo. Izvi zvinoitika kumarudzi namarudzi, sezvo murume hazvikwani monitors kuchena mvura miviri uye angozvibvumira tiite tsvina mvura pasina sokuchenesa kwakakodzera.

Kazhinji, dzidziso, zvichiita tupukanana kuchinja wehondo, kunoderedza mutoro chimwe muviri, kunoderedza intraspecific makwikwi uye anobvisa kuvimba chimwe. Complex shanduka nzira ndee pana majini vanochiva tupukanana, uye dzinovabvumira dzokubvisa vaifanira kubatsira padanho rimwe nerimwe kukura.