Mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi

On yakatenuka mazuva ake, Newton akabvuma, sezvayakaita zvose chaizvo. Akanga achifamba kuburikidza womuapuro munda vabereki vake uye pakarepo akaona masikati denga mwedzi. Zvino pava kure apuro pamberi pake kubva pabazi uye inowira pasi. Panguva ino, Newton vaishanda mutemo inofamba, aiziva kuti kuwa wemuapuro hwakada kufanana simba regiravhiti. Uye ndaiziva kuti Moon kutenderera, pane yakarembera mudenga, kuti chinobata zvimwe simba vakabata nayo muchadenga ichi, haapi kure nzira uye kuenda noruvazhe. Yakanga panguva kuwa wemuapuro Isaka asati asvika; akawira maapuro, uye kuramba ari muchadenga mwedzi kunotungamirira simba rimwe. mutemo Newton kunoita regiravhiti rakanga pedyo buri.

Ngatitarisei kare. Galileo nevamwe vamutangira zviri Newton akadzidza kufamba miviri (noruvara nokukurumidza), akawira pasi. It chinorehwa kuti Chiitiko chinokuvadzwa dzinongoitika uye ariko chete pamusoro pemvura yacho yose. Kepler vane pfungwa dzakafanana rinoti munzvimbo dzimwe mitemo yokudenga, kwete avo inodzora kufamba kwenyika. nharo All kubika pasi chokwadi kuti mitumbi yokudenga, nemhaka chekuzadzisa rake Kutama mukutenderera muchadenga, zvakare, nokuda kwayo zvakakwana. Nemamwe mashoko, giravhiti akaparadzaniswa muzvikamu zviviri: pano (kukwana) uye yokudenga (akakwana).

Uye Kunzwisisa Newton kuti chokubatanidza vose mhando negiravhiti mupfungwa dzake. Tinogona kutaura kuti izvi zvakanga usingakanganwiki kamwe, nenzira tichibatanidza kupesana kwenhema (Nyika) uye chakagadzirwa (zvose).

Masvomhu Newton nezvinokuvadza zvino inoti sezvinotevera: mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Zvaraireva inoti, pakati peya mitumbi iri muchadenga mune simba kukwezvana. Mutemo akapfeka muchimiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

F = GMm / D2,

M uye M - guru zvinoreva chimwe uye wechipiri muviri, D - daro pakati pezvitunha, F - simba regiravhiti kukwezvana. G pano - dzose akatsunga experimentally uye, kana kuitaura SI zviyero, akaenzana 6,67 × 10-11.

Asi mutemo regiravhiti kunoda mashoko mashoma. Chokutanga, pachirehwa zvinhu miviri yenyama zvose, zviri muchadenga. Somuenzaniso, mabhuku, verenga iwe, sezvo imi muri vo pasi simba mose rinokweva kukwezvana, vakaenzana nokukura asi pakatarisana nenhungamiro. Force hapandiringani kunyange michina, asi ruriko uye zviri kunyange zvichiita kuverenga. Mumwe muenzaniso - the kukwezvana pakati penyu quasar zvikuru kure, iyo chinobviswa mabhiriyoni emakore chiedza. Izvi mauto chinokwezva iduku pane muzvirevo muenzaniso, asi ivo iriko.

Chechipiri, simba regiravhiti paNyika panguva pemvura kunokanganisa muviri wose ari ronda sezvo chero nguva. Panguva iyoyo nezvaunoita simba iri, izvo zvinogona rinowanikwa nokushandisa nzira kumusoro, muviri unonzwa sechinhu yavo uremu. Donha chinhu. Uye ichi chinhu acharirima pasi pamwe dzakafanana kumhanyisa. Galileo wokutanga mugamuchiri aigona kuyerwa experimentally ari anofungidzirwa saizi anowira kumhanyisa pedyo pepasi. Rangarirai bukovku d kubva mukana wokuti vanhu vanga? Asi nokuti Galileo experimentally kunoonekwa kugara, uye kukosha ichi Newton (kumhanyisa regiravhiti) anogona kuwanikwa dzinomiririra ari nzira panyika gobvu (M) ayo nharaunda (D). Subject Galileo chipimo anova masvomhu uye zvakafanotaurwa Newton.

Chechitatu, mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi anoratidza uye anotsanangura maumbirwo emuviri yedu (zuva), mitemo Kepler, uyo anoratidza kuti trajectory pakati yepasi chinogona hwokurara pairi. Nokuti vakawanda mitemo Kepler, ivava ndivo chete rairatidza hunhu - musayendisiti kungoti generalized zvaanorumbidza ari kwemasvomhu chimiro. In guru nyika kuti gadziriro, maererano Newton pacharo mitemo Kepler vari zvakananga mugumisiro mitemo makanika uye mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. Kamwe zvakare tiri uchipupurira Kushandurwa empirical zvakawanikwa vakawana pachiyero rimwe zvakajeka pfungwa-kwakavakirwa mhedziso uye kutamira kune imwe pamwero.

Kana chokwadi zvakataurwa Newton kwake kuderera makore? Haana vakanyengera, achitaura pamusoro wake kuwanikidza? No magwaro kuratidza kana kwepfungwa kuti dambudziko regiravhiti, Newton akanga achiparidza kunyatsoreva munguva iyoyo uye zvirokwazvo pacharo, kwete. Asi zvinyorwa vanozivikanwa uye anowanzorasika. Uye mukurumbira akazivisa: Newton aiva murume kusingafadzi uye zvinotyisa akangwarira kuti zvimwe nechokuita kutara pokutanga sayenzi seri kwayo. Naizvozvo svibirika chokwadi, kunzwa kuchangotanga kutyisidzira, yakanga iri hunhu hwake.
Uye anoramba mubvunzo: nei, vakati rakabudiswa mutemo wake wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi ari 1687th, rokuizarura iye yomusi 1666, gore? Chii Anopatsanura izvi makore 20?