Humanistic zvepfungwa aro zvaanoita kuumba unhu hwakanaka

The humanistic kusvika muna kwepfungwa Wakazviratidza zvesayenzi riparadzirwe iri thirties remakore rechimakumi maviri mune imwe mufashoni panguva iyoyo psychoanalysis uye behaviorism dzidziso. muvambi waro, Erich Fromm, Karl Rodzhers, Victor Frankl uye Harold Maslow, zvikurukuru kuvaka pamusoro huru zvokudya Freudianism, achiri kuvimba kuvimbika kwevanhu munhu nedanho raro inotungamirwa. Vanachiremba nevazivi sokugamuchira pokutangira kuti dzidziso yake kunzwisisa kwetunhu vose vanhu Sciences. Ichi chitsva kuitika sayenzi mu zvepfungwa akagamuchira kuzivikanwa zvikuru pakati remakore rapfuura, kuti mune dzimwe nzira kwakakonzerwa kukura hweruzhinji munyika yakabudirira nyika, uye kuwedzera rusununguko mamiriro wacho munzanga.

humanistic kwepfungwa Kunosanganisira misoro kudzidza munyika chomukati womunhu uye anowana kushandisirwa kwete chete wepfungwa asiwo pedagogy, uzivi, tsika uye kunyange nesayenzi enyika. Dzidziso iyi (zviri kunzi tsika-humanistic) - iri vaizotibata kupfuura muitiro mukudzidzisa tsika, nokuti kunobva kuremekedza mumwe nomumwe, kuti kutarisira nyika yake yomukati. Saka, mhinduro vakauya maonero mafungiro uye kuremekedza tsika dzevamwe.

Dzidziso iyi ine vavengi vayo. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti mashoko ari humanist kuitika kwepfungwa discounting zvipenyu hunhu wemunhu uye asingadi kufungawo ake individualistic chido simba uye ive zvinokosha mari. Rimwe boka nyanzvi anotenda kuti mafungiro kune mumwe munhu sezvo mugumo uye kwete senzira, riri kuedza kudzidzisa vana humanist pedagogy - yakakwirira chaizvo mureza muvanhu apo kubudirira kunokosha, mumwe munzanga. It vanonzi iye kuti anokudziridza ane munhu anonyara miitiro, kunyange upenyu ano vari kukosha unhu imwe extrovert.

Society, rakapona kwenguva pfupi nguva mbiri dzenyika, haana kugadzirira kupindura nyaya chokuita yakadzika zvinoreva mweya womunhu. Udyire mutsa uye seanopenga mhirizhonga, kuurayana uye heroism, izvo akawana mashoko panguva hondo iyi, akamutsa mibvunzo itsva pamusoro murume uye nyika yake yomukati. Izvi akabatanidza kubudikidza pokuwa netariro muna evanhu mberi, nokuputsa zvetsika ukama uye kuwedzera kuzvibvisa pane maindasitiri munzanga, apo munyori Hermann Washington nomazvo ainzi "feuilletonistic nguva." Mupfungwa iyi, humanistic zvepfungwa, pasinei magetsi munzanga anotikurudzira "Kubudirira zvokunze" ari kuita kunzwira tsitsi, kunzwisisa, empathic yokusvika hwemazuva nezvokuvapo wacho.

mukuru sei bhaa ichi? Zvechokwadi, shoko kwazvo "Humanism" rinobva pashoko «homo» - vanhu. Humanity hachisi chinhu mutorwa kuti maitiro evanhu, isingapesani pamwe zvinotarisirwa chaivo specimens uye munhu haafaniri ku "danho pamusoro pachavo" kuratidza ngoni, kuratidza unyoro uye rudo, vane hanya. Mukupesana, zviito izvi kazhinji zvinobva kuna yakadzika akaturikidzana yedu yokuporeswa - anoti humanistic zvepfungwa. Kuziva uye kukudziridza unhu uhwu, Chokwadi, tinoberekwa tiine kubva pakuzvarwa, ane chimwe chete chokwadi Kuva mhando Homo sapiens, ndiyo hwaro munhu humanistic ainoita pedagogy.

"Humanity" iri maitiro nemafungiro haisi kure uye seisingashandi tsika inotodiwa, iyo rinorambidzwa pamusoro pedu uchibva "kumusoro", asi nekusiyana, ndiko yedu zvikuru zvakasikwa maitiro. Zviri zvikuru mutete, asi dzakasimba kugadzwa munhu pamusoro yaingodedera mafungiro kuti nyika yake yomukati. Kwepfungwa chinhu - kuziva izvi anokudzwa fambisa mweya, kunyange kana kuratidzwa zvinoonekwa upenyu hwevanhu vari chete mabasa akaipa, kutanga izvi dzinongoitika unhu uye kupinza zvishoma nezvishoma aitya mafungire kune mumwe munhu, vake changamire "I". humanistic kwepfungwa Zvinobatsira anoenderana nyika yedu romukati, uchitevedzera pakaputsika kuzvibvisa vakadonha kurarama upenyu tsika, kupindura mibvunzo "Ndini ani munyika ino?" Uye "Chii chandichiri kutsvaka? Sei ndinorarama? ".