Industrial nzanga padanho evanhu budiriro

Mumakore 60 remakore rechimakumi maviri ane mukurumbira zvikuru munzanga uzivi uye uzivi nhoroondo vawana muindasitiri vanhu dzidziso. Ivo akazviratidza maererano anonzi hurongwa ainoita kare. Vanotsigira nzira iri dzakaitika, nhoroondo uye dzouzivi matambudziko evanhu dzidziso uye akaedza kufukidza nhoroondo mutoo seboka, kuinzwisisa sezvo kunzwisisa basa kukura uye sangano kunzwisisa hurongwa. Industrial nzanga uye post-mumaindasitiri Danho vava pfungwa dzepamusorosoro kwakadai.

The chidzoke aya pfungwa dzave kunokonzerwa nokuziva kuti kwete zvakakwana chete kutsoropodza mashoko Marxist dzidziso idzodzo. Pashure pezvose, zvepfungwa kwevanhu agara akarayira zvakanaka pfungwa kare, "Kurota inotevera chemakore", anokwanisa kutsiva Marxist yakanaka.

nyanzvi French Raymond Aron wake "Lectures pamusoro maindasitiri nzanga" akatsanangura pfungwa kusiyana mugovanisi uye capitalist misasa sechisingabatsiri. misasa Vose vaiva maonero ake chete "kuroorwa maindasitiri Munzanga", chete nenzira dzakasiyana. Pfungwa iyi yakazokudziridzwa neAmerican nyanzvi Walt Rostow. Muna 1960 akabudisa ake shamisa "dzisiri Manifesto", kureva basa "nzendo Economic Growth." Mubhuku rino, iye zvinganaka vamwe kupfuura Marxism, nheyo yacho STRUCTURAL weboka - kwete maererano socio-zvoupfumi idzodzo, uye nenzendo upfumi kukura. Nokudaro, maindasitiri muvanhu zvinopinda pfungwa pakukura munhoroondo yevanhu.

Okukura chokuita pachiyero maindasitiri kukura, ano, sayenzi uye kukura upfumi, maererano Rostow, pane vashanu:

1) chetsika munzanga umo chitonge zvokurima zvoupfumi, hierarchical magariro nemamiriro invariable tsika;

2) Transitional nenzanga, iyo inotanga XVII- pakutanga XVIII remakore, kana pane akatanga bhizimisi private;

3) nguva "kutora-kubvisa", apo maindasitiri anotanga (nyika dzakasiyana zvasvika iyi, panguva dzakasiyana, kubva kumugumo XVIII remakore 50-ies ose XX remakore);

4) nguva "zvokunamata" kana kupera kwemaindasitiri;

5) nenguva vakawanda zvinodyiwa uye vagare zvakanaka, iyo vaiona nyanzvi, yakasvika muUnited States. Inofanira kusika nzanga iyo uchava akangwara uye mhuri tsika.

Rostow aidavira kuti injini mberi ndiko kukura zvesainzi, uye pamagariro evanhu uye chimurenga - iri "kuwedzera marwadzo" chokuita yakaderera azvipire kukura vanhu. Kunyange zvakadaro, munenge Russia, akanyora kuti mushure October Revolution nyika anenge apinda munhu akura pachikuva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakavepo kusvikira pachiyero maindasitiri capitalist vanhu, nekuti pakupedzisira kuti maindasitiri muvanhu kuva muenzaniso kukura chero nyika. Chokwadi chokuti pfungwa kwemaindasitiri rinobatanidza evanhu unhu zvakafanana zvinhu.

Rostow inoti zvimwe zvaidiwa maindasitiri munzanga. Kutanga, zviri pamberi michina guru, iro anosarudza kukura rose upfumi. Zvadaro, pane rakafara kugadzirwa nevatengi zvinhu zvakadai materevhizheni, motokari, imba midziyo yemagetsi uye zvichingodaro. Inotevera Pakanzi ndiye zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu, chimurenga, iyo inotungamirira utsanzi mukurima zvakanaka uye, uyewo mukuru padanho urbanization uye Kuwanikwa rakafara stratum kuti mamaneja-mamaneja. Izviwo, anochinja mamiriro kwenzanga uye mumaindasitiri muvanhu pachayo.

Zviratidzo kuchinja izvi:

- boka hondo (riri kuitwa yechinangwa sarudzo, kutengeserana mubatanidzwa basa uye seboka bargaining)

- kumwe maitiro uye munzanga kutaurirana pakati vanhu,

- rationalization kufunga zvavo.

maindasitiri Nzanga pfungwa zvainoita chitarisiko vakadaro zvemagariro dzidziso zvakafanana dzidziso convergence, deideologization, vakawanda munzanga uye vakawanda tsika.