The mashandiro chiito kuti makemikari

Makemikari (makemikari) - yakakwirira samolecular uremu Organic yeimwe mapuroteni hunhu, izvo anoshanda mune nhengo basa kuti zvipenyu catalysts.

The mashandiro chiito kuti makemikari

Elucidation of zvigadziriswe akashandurwa kuti CATALYTIC zviito makemikari, mumwe chinokosha matambudziko uye matambudziko kuitika enzymology kwete chete, asi nemakemikari omuviri ano uye ezvinhu zvipenyu.

makemikari asati dzawanika wakachena uye akanga elucidated hunhu hwavo, vakagutsikana kuti zvinokosha enzymatic kwacho ane coupling kuti enzayemu kusvika substrate. Kuedza kuwana kunzwisisa remubatanidzwa wenyika enzayemu pamwe substrate kwenguva refu haana kuita kuti abudirire nguva, sezvo kunzwisisa izvi labile, izvozvo nokukurumidza uchiora. Kushandisa Spectroscopy nzira akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kuziva enzayemu-substrate zvivako kuna catalase, peroxidase, doro dehydrogenase, flavinzavisimyh makemikari.

The nzira X-ray kuongorora akabvumira kuti yakawanda inokosha mashoko marongerwo uye CATALYTIC zvigadziriswe kuita kuti makemikari. Nzira iyi yakashandiswa kumisa akwirwe substrate analogues vane makemikari lysozyme uye chymotrypsin.

Vamwe rakananga uchapupu kuvapo enzayemu-substrate zvivako akakwanisa kusvika apo mumwe CATALYTIC kutenderera nzendo enzayemu anosungwa kuti substrate pedyo covalent chisungo. Muenzaniso zvakaitwa hydrolysis kuti N-nitrophenyl acetate catalyzed ne chymotrypsin. Kana hwakakanyiwa enzayemu chymotrypsin Eteri iri acetylated panguva hydroxyl boka reactive naSerine vakasara. Danho Izvi nokukurumidza, asi atsetilhimotripsina hydrolysis nokuumbwa acetate uye vakasununguka chymotrypsin riri nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva zvikuru. Naizvozvo atsetilhimotripsin rinoungana, iro nyore kuona pamberi N-nitrophenylacetate.

Pamberi enzayemu substrate mu murwiyo anogona 'yokubatawo' nokuda kuchinjwa EU kusagadzikana kunzwisisa nenzira akaneta chimiro, somuenzaniso, kurapwa pamwe enzayemu-substrate dzakaoma kuti yavaibvisa borohydride ane simba kuderedza kushanda. Akadaro kunzwisisa ari muchimiro akatsiga covalent rinobva akanga dzakaonekwa ari enzayemu aldolase. It Vakawana kuti substrate interacts pamwe morekuru boka lysine e-amino.

The substrate ikasakendenga pamwe enzayemu neimwe chikamu unonzi basa pakati enzayemu kana zvinoshingaira munharaunda.

Under yezviri centre, kana moyo, kunzwisisa kuti mugove enzayemu mapuroteni Morekuru iyo kwakabatana kuti substrate (uye cofactors) uye anoita enzymatic ehupfumi ari Morekuru. The kushingaira Nzvimbo anosarudza kuti specificity uye CATALYTIC basa enzayemu uye inofanira kuva mumwe mwero nokuomerwa mamiriro chakatorwa kweanoda kusvika uye kushamwaridzana ine substrate Morekuru, kana nhengo dzayo chokuita zvakananga kuita.

Pakati dzichipfekeka mapoka Munokudzwa vanobatanidzwa mugove "catalytically kushingaira" zviri enzayemu uye kusikwa mugove ichipa chaiyo sungano (nokusungwa substrate kuti enzayemu) - anonzi mbambo, kana "chinobata" (kana adsorption pamusoro enzayemu vanoshingaira nzvimbo).

The mashandiro chiito kuti makemikari anotsanangura dzidziso yacho Michaelis-Menten mukana wokuti vanhu vanga. Maererano nepfungwa iyi, muitiro kunoitika mumatanho mana.

The mashandiro chiito pamusoro makemikari: I Pasika

Pakati substrate (C) uye enzayemu (E) akwirwe inomuka - akaumba EU enzayemu-substrate yakaoma, sezvamakaropafadzwa zvakamisa hurongwa vari interconnected ne covalent, Ionic, mvura nezvimwe zvisungo.

The mashandiro chiito kuti makemikari: IІ rwakazara

The substrate iri pachena kuti vakakoshesa enzayemu iri kusashanda uye inova dziripo nhengo zvinoitwa EU catalysis.

The mashandiro chiito kuti makemikari: IІI Danho

EU vakaita catalysis. Dzidziso iyi anotsigirwa experimental zvidzidzo.

Pakupedzisira, IV chikuva kunoratidzwa kusunungurwa enzayemu mamorekuru E uye F. The kutevedzana kwezviitiko transformations mishonga inogona uratidzwe sezvo maitiro: E + S - EU EU - * - E + P.

The specificity pamusoro enzayemu chiito

Mumwe enzayemu anoita pamusoro chaizvo substrate kana boka zvinhu, zviri zvakafanana chivako. Specificity pakati enzymatic basa nokuda kufanana yezviri nzvimbo configuration uye substrate. Panguva kukurukurirana pamusoro enzayemu-substrate akaumba yakaoma.