Netsoko murume - kufanana uye kusiyana. Types uye zvinhu hwemazuva netsoko zvikuru

Netsoko (antropomorfidy, kana hominoids) ndezvaJehovha superfamily Vekare World primates. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya vari mhuri vaviri hominids uye chiduku netsoko. Vakai primates Old World rakafanana munhu. Kufanana uku kwevanhu uye nemaape kunokosha, achivabvumira kureva zvakafanana taxon.

kushanduka

netsoko First akaonekwa mukupera Oligocene muTestamende World. Yakanga makore anenge mamiriyoni matatu apfuura. Pamadzitateguru pakati primates kupfuura chinyakare anozivikanwa gibbonoobraznye vanhu - propliopithecus, kubva dzinopisa yeIjipiti. Zviri kwavari mberi yakabuda driopithecus, Gibbons uye pliopithecus. The Miocene zvakaitika unopinza kuwedzera nhamba uye siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu aripo zvino netsoko. In anozivikanwa rinoita Resettlement driopithecus nezvimwe hominoids pamusoro munharaunda Europe uye Asia. Pakati mhuka Asian vaiva Precursors ose orangutans. Maererano ezvinhu zvipenyu womunhu netsoko rakakamurwa hunde dzacho mbiri anenge mamiriyoni 8-6 apfuura.

he anowana

Mukuru-anozivikanwa humanoid vaiona rukvapiteki, kamoyapithecus, morotopithecus, limnopiteki, ugandapiteki uye Ramapithecus. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri pamusoro pfungwa kuti ano netsoko - zvizvarwa parapithecus. Asi maonero ichi hachisi kururamiswa hwakakwana nokuda chishoma okupedzisira mapfupa. Somunhu relict hominoid zvinoreva ngano chisikwa - munhu Snowman.

Description primates

Netsoko akakura kupfuura vaya tsoko vanhu muviri. primates Old World havana muswe, ischial callosities (mune diki panguva chete Gibbons), dama pouches. A maitiro chinoratidza hominoids ndiyo nzira yavo rwokufamba. Panzvimbo pokuenda wamativi ose matavi, vari kutamira pasi pamatavi kunyanya maoko. nzira iyi sangano rinonzi brachiation. Kuchinjira kumamiriro kushandiswa kwayo chagumbura vamwe anatomical kuchinja: zvikuru kuchinja uye refu maoko, flattened bhokisi iri Anterior-posterior mirayiridzo. Vose netsoko vanokwanisa kumira nemakumbo hadzi, nokudaro pakuyamura mberi. Nokuti marudzi ose hominoid kunoratidzwa zvakanaka kunyatsobudirira chiso chedu, kukwanisa kufunga uye ongorora.

Kusiyana netsoko dzevanhu

primates Old World vane zvakawanda bvudzi, izvo kufukidza rinenge muviri wose, asi nzvimbo diki. Pasinei kufanana kwevanhu uye nemaape mu sechivako ari marangwanda, maoko vanhu havana dzakabudirira kuitira zvakanaka uye kuva pfupi zvikuru kureba. At makumbo chete Old primates World vari zvishoma dzakasimukira, zvishoma uye mapfupi. Netsoko nyore kufamba kuburikidza mumiti. vanhu kazhinji uku pamusoro pamatavi. Munguva famba, sezvo mutemo, vari kushandiswa ose maoko nemakumbo. Vamwe vanhu vanosarudza nzira kutamira 'vachifamba nezvibhakera zvavo. " Panyaya iyi, muviri uremu iri hwakatamisirwa minwe, izvo vakaungana kuva chibhakera. Akasiyana murume netsoko uyewo kuoneka padanho yenjere. Pasinei nokuti shiri Old World inokurukurwa pakati akangwara kwazvo primates, avo pfungwa nezvido hazvina dzakabudirira sezvo muvanhu. Zvisinei, dzinenge zvose anokwanisa kudzidza.

dzinogarisana

Netsoko anogara inopisa Masango Asia uye Africa. Nokuti zvose zviripo primate kwemarudzi runowanzoitika dzinogarisana uye nzira youpenyu. Chimupanze Somuenzaniso, zvipfupi kusanganisira, vanogara pasi uye mumiti. Vamiririri ava pakati primates dzakazara mumasango African zvinenge zvose mhando uye akazaruka nemapani. Zvisinei, dzimwe mhando (Bonobo Somuenzaniso) anowanikwa chete nyorovera dzinopisa of the Congo Basin. Gorilla subspecies: rokumabvazuva uye vokumadokero nokumapani - zvakawanda mune nyorovera masango African, uye vamiririri mudondo gomo kwemarudzi vanosarudza unozvidzora mumamirire ekunze. primates izvi kashoma kukwira miti kubva kwayo massiveness uye kuitwa pasi rose nguva. Gorilla vanogara mumapoka, nhamba nhengo iri dzichichinja. Orangutans nekusiyana, uye sezvo mutemo. Ivo vagere anezvimiti uye akanyorova muchisango, zvakanaka kukwira miti, kubva nebazi vari kutamira zvishoma nezvishoma asi nokungwara zvakakwana. maoko avo vari refu chaizvo - kusvika muzvitsitsinho.

nhaurwa

Kubvira kare, vanhu vakatsvaka kumisa kuonana nemhuka. Masayendisiti akawanda anobatanidzwa mukurovedza okudenha anthropoid netsoko matauriro. Zvisinei, basa haana kubereka akatarisirwa zvabuda. Primates anogona chete kubudisa mumwe ruzha, zvishoma yakafanana mashoko uye Mutauro yose ishoma chaizvo, kunyanya kana tichienzanisa kutaura chihwenga. Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri nemumuromo mhango hatisi mu Old World primates vamwe inzwi urwu okunze, unoenderana mitumbi yevanhu. Zvanzi anotsanangura kutadza evanhu kukudziridza unyanzvi mataurirwo modulated kurira. Kutaura manzwiro kutakurwa tsoko nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, imwe foni kuti kuteerera kwavari - ruzha "Eri", mumwe vaneshungu chido akaratidza chugging, ngozi kana kutya - munhu shrill, unopinza achizhamba. Mumwe anodzidza mafungiro mumwe, akatarira kutaura manzwiro, nepfungwa izvi kana zvimwe zviratidzo. Wokushandura chero mashoko sezvo dzinokosha zvigadziriswe ndivo chiso chedu, kushandisa dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri, mamiriro. Tichifunga izvi, masayendisiti akaedza kutanga kutaura tsoko kushandisa mutauro wemasaini, iyo inoshandiswa nematsi. Young tsoko vakadzidziswa zviratidzo nokukurumidza zvakakwana. Pashure kumbonyanya pfupi nguva vanhu mukana kukurukurirana mhuka.

maonero kworunako

Vaongorori akacherechedza, kwete pasina kugutsikana, kuti tsoko vari chaizvo kwazvo mufanidzo. Panyaya iyi, iyo primates vachaita nokungwarira zvakakwana. Kana ukapa mumwe Tsoko mapepa, bhurasho uye kuonesa payo mufananidzo chinhu, iye vaizoedza arege kuenda pamusoro kumucheto jira. Uyezve, mhuka vanoparadzaniswa zvikuru nounyanzvi bepa ndege mukati akawanda nhengo. Masayendisiti akawanda vanodavira mufananidzo primate ndezvokuti simba, mutinhimira, akazadzwa Maererano zvose ruvara uye chimiro. Kwete kamwe kugona kuratidza basa dzemhuka Kunstausstellungen. Vanotsvakurudza kuitisa primate yakati kuti tsoko vane aesthetic pfungwa, kunyange zvazvo unowanikwazve embryo chimiro. Somuenzaniso, takatarisa mhuka vanogara kuda, vakaona munhu agere kwezuva kumucheto sango uye Vafadzwa nazvo vakarinda kumavirazuva.