Sechivako lysosomes uye kushandiswa kwazvo cellular muviri

Sero rinogona kunzi sezvo ultramicroscopic chipenyu mamiriro, takaberekwa tine zvose zvinhu kuri mumuviri. Cellular zvinhu akadana organelles, aite kushanda kufema, rokubereka, kuzviparadzanisa, kugaya. Lysosomes - mumwe marudzi organelles. Vane odnomembrannym hurongwa uye yakananga mabasa chokuita kugayiwa zvinhu uye muchitokisi yose okunze ari cytoplasm. In neKwayedza tikadzidza maumbirwo lysosomes uye tsanangura basa ravo nechouviri kwamakamuri.

Sezvo akaumba organelles

Vachimiririra odnomembrannye vacuoles vakazadzwa zvomudumbu makemikari, lysosomes vari achiumbwa Matangi Golgi kunzwisisa uye dzinonzi chepuraimari. Migero ivo anongoerekana muchina muchitokisi cytoplasm. Kamwe dzaparadzwa lysosomes cytostructure kutanga kupinza kana kuputsa makemikari nyaya, vanogashira zita yechipiri.

organelles aya akazara zvinogadzirisa pamusoro makemikari anogona cleavage pamusoro carbohydrate mamorekuru, glycolipids nemapurotini. Kuti yechipiri lysosomes ane akadai pakugadzira vanoshingaira zvinhu zvakadai proteases, lipases uye sulfurylase. The internals of organelle ane ph asingasviki 7, sezvo pamusoro makemikari zviri kushingaira munzvimbo asidhi ezvinhu. Organelles vanokwanisa endocytosis kana pinocytosis. Órgãos lysosomes zvinoenderana yakananga mapuroteni muchitokisi yakaumbwa pamusoro hova granular endoplasmic reticulum.

Makemikari anoumba chizvaro mamiriro uye lysosomes

Uchidzidza hunhu lysosomes, funga chaizvoizvo zvinhu zvinoumba zvavo zvemukati ezvinhu. Enzayemu kunzwisisa rine anokosha ndiwo: phosphorylase (unodokwairira amino acids), glucosidase (mabasa ari shuga, cellulose, starch) uye lipase (samolecular anoita kuparadza mafuta, steroids).

Own organelle Kamudzira ndiyo husingakwanisi yekunwa makemikari. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinovawo kubatwa zvavanoita, izvo inoenda autolysis - nokuzvidzora pokufa Kamudzira, saka kuti zvechisimba zvinhu chizvaro kudirwa muchitokisi cytoplasm. Izvi zvinotungamirira ayo kuzvidzora kugaya.

organelle basa

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa pezvakaitwa sei kukosha metabolic siyana kutsigira tsvina zvinhu kana zvidimbu cellular zvivako, zvakadai mitochondria yekare, ribosomes. High enzymatic basa organelles kuonekwa masero iwayo, rinonzi phagocytic. Zviri kwapasi nemamiriro rokuzvidzivirira: basophils, macrophages, neutrophils, B lymphocytes. Primary lysosomes mumasero avo zvakakwana guru (kusvika 0.5 microns). Dzine makemikari akadai ribonuclease, runovharidzira mamwe, DNase. mamiriro kwakadaro chinotsanangurwa sezvinotevera: masero vanokwanisa phagocytosis, wakanamatira zvikurukuru utachiona uye utachiona nezvimedu ane mapuroteni uye ribonucleic acids.

Zvinofadza mashandiro kuti anopa proteolytic basa organelles. Foreign inoramba kana mamorekuru pakutanga vakavharirwa vacuole. Narwo merges chikuru lysosome, izvo anosunungura hydrolytic makemikari. Zvino organelle ichi inonzi lysosome yechipiri avamba vanoshingaira Digest yakagamuchirwa chizvaro zvinhu. The cleavage zvigadzirwa mberi diffuse mumakamuri hyaloplasm uye undigested zvisaririra zvakachengetwa mukati organelles, iyo yava kunzi residual masero. The pamusoro nemamiriro lysosomes akasiyana-siyana uye anotsanangura chikuru mashandiro anoita cellular zvivako izvi.

Basa organelles mu metabolic zvinoitwa muviri womunhu

Kana makemikari ari lysosomes yakabereka zvakakwana, kune kuperevedza wavo, zvinoita kuti zvakakomba nhaka zvirwere, zvakadai metachromatic leukodystrophy. Sechivako lysosomes zvokurwara ichi zvisinganzwisisiki. In chizvaro kwavo zvisipo kana vari munhu akaneta ezvinhu sulfatase - muchinamatira makemikari cerebrosides. Sezvo zvibereko muviri ari mumasero huta zvinyama, anofanira kuraswa, asi kushaya makemikari zvakakodzera kunotungamirira kuunganidza yeimwe aya neuroglia uye hyaloplasm neurocytes. Izvi zvinokonzera toxicity ari huta zvinyama kuti anoumba uropi uye musana. Somugumisiro - kukura mumuviri abnormalities uye retardation mupfungwa.

Saka, odnomembrannye organelle basa kugayiwa zvinhu, kutamba basa rinokosha muchitokisi muviri. In basa iri tadzidza maumbirwo lysosomes, takawana mabasa avo uye kukosha muchitokisi basa uye yose yevanhu seboka.