Sechivako plasma Kamudzira zvakadzama

Masero zvinomera, notumwe uye mhuka ine zvitatu zvaiva akadai musimboti, cytoplasm pamwe riri mairi uye inclusions organelles uye yeplasma membrane. The tsanga ndiye anokonzera nekuchengeta majini zvinhu zvakanyorwa pamusoro DNA, uye zvakare anokwanisa pezvakaitwa zvose masero. The cytoplasm rine organelles, imwe neimwe ine yayo features, akadai Somuenzaniso, kwetunhu Organic zvinhu, cellular afemeruke, sero kugaya, uye zvichingodaro. D. A chezvinonhuwira yokupedzisira ichakurukurwa muudzame munyaya ino.

Ndeipi Kamudzira mu zvipenyu?

Zviri nyore, ndiyo goko. Zvisinei, hakusi chose kwegore risingapindiki nguva dzose. Dzinenge nguva dzose zvakaita kuti vamwe zvinhu chokufambisa kubudikidza membrane.

In cytology Kamudzira inogona rakakamurwa mhando mbiri huru. Chokutanga - ndiyo plasma Kamudzira anofukidza sero. Wechipiri - a Kamudzira organelles. Kune organelles kuti mumwe kana miviri membranes. By odnomembrannym zvinosanganisira kuti Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, lysosomes. By dvumembrannym ndezvaJehovha plastids uye mitochondria.

Uyewo membranes zvinogona zvose mukati organelles. Kazhinji ndiwo womukati Kamudzira dvumembrannyh Dérivés organelles.

How dvumembrannyh Kamudzira organelles vari?

In plastids uye mitochondria anoshongwa maviri. Rokunze Kamudzira organelles vose kumeso, asi dzomunyika siyana zvakafanira kuti kushanda organelle mamiriro.

Saka, mitochondrial goko akaita nechomukati maberere - cristae kana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Uye pane kutenderera nemakemikari zvakafanira kuti sero afemeruke.

Zvinobva chomukati Kamudzira pamusoro chloroplasts vari pouches dhisiki serin'i - thylakoids. Ivo aunganidzwa mu yemamota - grana. Sangana nomumwe zviso interconnected achishandisa lamella - refu hurongwa vari zvakare aumba kubva membranes.

The nemamiriro membranes pakati organelles odnomembrannyh

In organelles izvi, Kamudzira oga. Zviri yemanyorero munhu kwakanaka hamvuropu rine lipids nemapurotini.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako plasma Kamudzira muchitokisi

The Kamudzira ine zvinhu zvakadai lipids nemapurotini. Sechivako plasma Kamudzira hunopa ukobvu yaro 7-11 nm. Unorema Kamudzira lipids vanoumba.

Sechivako plasma Kamudzira hunopa kuvapo mairi maviri akaturikidzana. First - miviri paiva phospholipids, uye wechipiri - rukoko mapurotini.

The lipids pakati plasma Kamudzira

Lipids, izvo zviri chikamu plasma Kamudzira, vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu: steroids, sphingophospholipids uye glycerophospholipids. zvapedzisira Morekuru rinoumbwa munhu trihydric doro glycerol vakasara, sezvamakaropafadzwa zviviri rehydrogen maatomu vemapoka hydroxyl vari kuchiiswa nuna asidhi ngetani, apo rechitatu rehydrogen atomu rimwe hydroxyl boka - phosphoric iine acid vakasara, izvo zvinozoita anobatana vakasara mumwe nitrogenous zvigadziko.

Glycerophospholipids Morekuru unogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: musoro uye muswe. Hydrophilic musoro (.. Ie, insoluble mumvura), uye mumiswe - hydrophobic (ivo dzinga mvura, asi soluble mune zvinoita zvokufembedzwa). Nokuda mamiriro ichi kunogona kunzi glycerophospholipids amphiphilic Morekuru, m. F., Uye hydrophobic uye hydrophilic panguva imwe chete.

Sphingophospholipids zvakafanana kwemakemikari chivako kuti glycerophospholipids. Asi zvinosiyana kubva kumusoro kuti marongerwo panzvimbo chasara glycerol vane pachisara doro sphingosine. mamorekuru avo vane misoro uye miswe.

The mufananidzo pazasi zvakajeka kuonekwa maumbirwo Mufananidzo plasma membrane.

Plasma Kamudzira mapuroteni

Kana mapuroteni vechigaro sechivako plasma Kamudzira, zviri kunyanya glycoproteins.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo goko inogona mapoka mapoka maviri: peripheral uye chinokosha. Chokutanga - avo vari pamusoro pemvura Kamudzira, uye wechipiri - ndivo avo izvo zvinopfuura yose ukobvu pamusoro goko uye vari mukati lipid rukoko.

Zvichienderana mabasa kwakaitwa mapuroteni, vanogona kuva mapoka mapoka mana: makemikari, STRUCTURAL, nezvifambiso uye Kanotokonya.

mapuroteni zvose kuti zvinowanika sechivako plasma Kamudzira haasi mishonga chokuita phospholipids. Saka vanogona kufamba takasununguka pangoro rukoko ari Kamudzira, kuunganidza mumapoka, uye zvichingodaro. D. Ndokusaka sechivako plasma Kamudzira masero hazvigoni kunzi kunofambira mberi. Hazvina simba, sezvo ari kuramba achichinja.

Rei unoita sero Kamudzira?

Sechivako plasma Kamudzira anobvumira kuti akurire mabasa shanu.

Wekutanga chikuru - kurambidza cytoplasm. With Sero ichi ane kugara chimiro uye kukura. Kuurayiwa basa iri inopiwa ndechokuti plasma Kamudzira ane simba uye kwakavharwa nenyama.

The kechipiri - kupa sero-sero kutaura navo. Nokuda kwayo mukana wokushandiswa plasma Kamudzira masero mhuka zvingaite protuberances uye matanga panguva mapfundo dzavo.

Inotevera kushanda sero Kamudzira - senga. It kunosimbiswa nemashoko chaiwo mapurotini. Pamusana kwavari, hunokwanisa fuma inogona kuendeswa kupinda muchitokisi uye dongo - kuraswa nayo.

Mukuwedzera, plasma Kamudzira anoita enzymatic ishande. It wo akaita kunokwana mapurotini.

Uye yokupedzisira basa - aramu. Nokuti mapuroteni kupesvedzera zvimwe zvinhu kungachinja spatial nechivako yavo, plasma Kamudzira masero nditume anonongedzera.

Zvino imi munoziva zvose membranes: Chii Kamudzira zvipenyu, zvavari, sei kuvaka plasma Kamudzira uye Kamudzira organelles, izvo chinoshanda yavanobata.