Kugadzirira ethylene

Ethylene kana ethene - ari Hauoneki, zvinobata moto gasi nounyoro Muscat uye hwema hwunonhuhwira. Its makemikari fomura C2H4. Ethene ndiye nyore alkene (unsaturated Mahydrocarbon vane chimwe chisungo kaviri pakati pedyo kabhoni maatomu). Matadza guru - 28,05 g / mol. Utsotso pfungwa - -169,2 ° C, achibika tembiricha - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, iyo autoignition - +542,8 ° C. Muna 1680, I. Berger (chiremba wokuGermany uye kemisiti) of ethyl doro kana kutarisana mafuta vitriol (atumidzwa apo sulfuric acid) yakatanga nokuzadzikiswa kuwana ethylene kubva panyaya iyi. The STRUCTURAL yokuita ethylene muna 1860, simbisai Russian kemisiti A. M. Butlerov zvakaitwa methyl iodide nemhangura. gasi Izvi zvishoma vakareruka kupfuura mhepo, zviri havaratidzi soluble nemvura iri zvinoita zvokufembedzwa, - zvakanaka.

ethylene Kugadzirira uye kudzidza zvivako zvayo, kutanga iyo inobatana pezana remakore rechi19 kwakaita kuti nhasi kuti ethylene ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa makemikari akakura. kurimwa Its pose zvasvika matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 109 muna 2006. Nhasi, kuwana ethylene anoramba ichishanduka. Pakazosvika 2010, yakabereka hapana asingasviki 117 makambani munyika 55. Ethylene rinoshandiswa sezvo mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa polyethylenes vamatunhu uye vakaderera kufurirwa sevilene nezvimwe polymeric zvokuvakisa vakawana muna nedanho copolymerization pamwe comonomers siyana. Uyewo rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzirwa ethylbenzene uye styrene, ethylene oxide, raive nebutiro chloride, vinyl acetate, acetic acid, ethyl doro uye ethylene glycol.

Chii chakaita kuti kukura okuwana okuita, zvainanga kuwana imwe ethylene? Zvikurukuru pakuwedzera pawaitengesa polymeric zvinhu. Polyethylene mhando uchapedza kupfuura hafu kugadzirwa munyika ethylene. The polymeric zvinhu iri rinonyanya kushandiswa mapurasitiki munyika. Nokuti chinoitwa firimu kuti zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Linear Alpha-olefins yaunganidzwa oligomerization (inotungamirwa pfupi polymer ngetani) anoshandiswa sezvo Precursors, detergents, plasticizers, chakaita zvokugadzirwa lubricants, yokuvirisa, uye sezvo comonomers kweShanduro polyethylenes. Chimwe kushandiswa mikuru ethylene mirayiridzo - raro oxidation kubereka, inova huru mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa pamusoro-basa yomuchipatara uye detergents ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide iri pasi hydration somugumisiro akawana ethylene. Rinoshandiswa nevakawanda sechinhu Automotive antifreeze.

Nhasi, kugadzirwa ethylene rinoitwa rinonyanya kubudikidza pyrolysis netwumatanda run peturu kana zvakawanda chikamu chiedza Mahydrocarbon. In Russia uye yaimbova USSR pane zvakasiyana simba chokugadza kuvakwa zvose nokuda kwezvipfuwo (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) uye dzimwe ruzivo (Linde AG). Huripo kugadzirwa inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata zvitatu: (. 300 uye 450 zviuru matani ethylene pagore) pasi simba (. 30 uye 60 matani pagore pamusoro ethylene), Medium (. 100 uye 200 zviuru matani pagore) Uye kumusoro. Ndiani munyika vari kuvhiyiwa chirimwa ane kukuru kukwanisa kubva 400 kusvika 500 uye kunyange kusvika 800 zviuru matani ethylene pagore. Izvi kuwedzera mukurima anobvumira kuti kuderedza chaiyo zvinhu, simba uye guta mari.

Kugadzirira ethylene rinoitwa mu makemikari maindasitiri, kusanganisira pyrolysis chirimwa, gasi kuparadzana Unit, nokugadza demineralizer. Raw zvinhu - gasi kana zvimwe chiedza mafuta chakapatsanurwa mu achinatsa kana wemisanganiswa ayo nemvura mhute (a kwacho nokuti kuderedza paumbwe chemubhotoro muchoto sepombi). The mbishi zvinhu vaipa kune pyrolysis chamatare, umo tembiricha kuti 750 kusvika 900 ° C vakaumba pyrogas zvinosanganisira sehydrogen Mahydrocarbon vane mamorekuru ane mumwe (methane) kuti kabhoni maatomu maviri. Kupisa pyrolysis iri kushandiswa nenzira chaiyo midziyo, iyo anogadzirwa kubva kurapwa mvura yakakwirira dzvinyiriro hwemvura, uye dzaserera pyrogas anopinda nebwe kuparadzana chikwata pyrolysis (rinorema) uye pyrocondensate. Zvadaro pyrogas rine kunyanya Mahydrocarbon kubva C1 kuna C4, ari kusvitsa kune turbocharger (the turbine rinosundwa yakakwirira kumanikidzwa chiutsi), iro pasi kumanikidza zvokudya kuti DISTILLATION Mbiru gasi kuparadzana hurongwa. Kune hurumende ichiisa zvinokosha zvinogadzirwa zvakadai ethylene uye propylene (ayo goho, achienzaniswa ethylene, nguva dzose muna kaviri zvishoma), uye byproducts rehydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, butylene-butadiene chakapatsanurwa, tara pyrolysis chiedza kana zvinoriumba avtmobilnyh peturu.

Uyewo zvinogoneka kugadzirira ethylene CATALYTIC pyrolysis. In muindasitiri scale, nzira iyi haisi chinozoiswa, kunyange zvazvo muedzo wake nyika yedu panguva yayo kuitwa kwete chete murabhoritari zviruva, asiwo maindasitiri runyararo. Kunakisa zvinobvira kuderedza pyrolysis tembiricha nokushandisa catalysts. By kuwedzera selectivity (selectivity) acho rwuchiwanzwa, sezvo zvichienzaniswa chafariz pyrolysis, zvibereko ethylene uye propylene, kwakaderedza inotungamirwa na-zvigadzirwa, uye chemubhotoro. Panguva ino, vaongorori munyika dzakasiyana vari kushanda akananga kutsvaka anobudirira tiwedzere uye Hardware magadzirirwo rikurumidze.