Nzira cognition

Nzira - chine unyanzvi uye remapazi inoshandiswa inoshanda kana yokungotaura mabasa. Nzira ave rudzi kunzwisisa chokwadi.

Nzira maererano nheyo cognition ukama Public uye Private akakamurwa wemauto (yezvisikwa), mukuru dzesayenzi (general musoro) uye kongiri zvesayenzi. Uyewo, ivo dzinoiswa tichitarisa ukama empirical uye yokungotaura ruzivo pamusoro nzira empirical tsvakurudzo nzira zvakajairika kuti empirical uye yokungotaura tsvakurudzo, uyewo - evasingatombonamati yokungotaura kudzidza.

Yeuka kuti dzimwe mapazi zivo yesayenzi anoshanda dzakananga, kongiri nzira dzavo zvesayinzi pakudzidza mananara uye pezvakaitwa, izvo zvinokonzerwa musimboti chinhu pasi kudzidza. Zvisinei, pane nzira zvinowanzoitika imwe sainzi, vakabudirira kushandiswa nevamwe muminda ruzivo. Somuenzaniso, panyama uye makemikari nzira tsvakurudzo kushandiswa zvipenyu, sezvo zvinhu kudzidza zvinosanganisira zvipenyu uye mumuviri uye zvemakemikari siyana kuvapo uye inofamba kwenyaya.

General nzira yokuita ruzivo pamusoro yokukakavadzniswa uye dzisiri. Izvi zvinonzi mukuru youzivi.

Yokukakavadzniswa anouya neruzivo chokwadi nokuvimbika kwayo, budiriro, uye ayo tinoberekwa kuzvipokanidza. Dzisiri ndizvo zvinopikisana dialectic, iye anoongorora mananara pasina kufunga ukama hwavo uye pezvakaitwa nokuda nguva shanduko. Around pakati XIX remakore dzisiri nzira yakatsiva yokukakavadzniswa.

General inonzwisisika ruzivo nzira dzinosanganisira kwetunhu, pachisara abstraction, nokupfupikisa, induction, yaanobhadhara, fananidzo, Modelling, nhoroondo uye musoro nzira.

Analysis - mumwe manyowa of chinhu kupinda yenhengo dzayo. Reongororo - kushamwaridzana cognized zvinhu mune imwe chikwata. Kungotaurawo - mupfungwa kuchinja kubva munhu mukuru. Abstraction (idealization) - kuita pfungwa zvachinja chinhu kudzidza maererano zvebasa pakudzidza. Induction - kubviswa mukuru zvokudya chaizvo chokwadi pakuongorora. Yaanobhadhara - Analytical pfungwa kubva mukuru kune chaiyo mashoko. Fananidzo - anobata uye fungidzira mhedziso pamusoro nokuvapo kufanana ose zvinhu zviviri, mananara imwe chiratidzo. Simulation - kusikwa inobva wokuenzanisira analoginen zvose ehupfumi ose chinhu pasi kudzidza. Nhoroondo nzira - munhu kubereka chokwadi kubva nhoroondo Chiitiko pasi kudzidza pakawanda yavo, vakapiwa mashoko uye tsaona. Kukurukurwa nzira - Kutamba History of tsvakurudzo chinhu Nokusunungura kubva zvose netsaona uye inessential.

Nzira empirical ruzivo rakakamurwa yakayerwa, pakuongorora, tsananguro yacho kuedza uye kuenzaniswa.

Observation - vakarongeka uye kunzwisisa chinangwa pamusoro chinhu kudzidza. Experiment - rinosiyana kwacho mashoko inosanganisira zvachose basa vechikamu. Chipimo - mutoo mumwe mari zvokunyama enzaniso vane mureza kana akaisa chikwata. In sainzi, funga hama ehupfumi ari chinhu kwekudzidza pachinhu izvi mari tsvakurudzo.

Nzira zvabatanidzwa yokungotaura ruzivo formalization, axiomatization, hypothetic-deductive nzira.

Formalization - kuvaka kushandisa uye akarongeka yokutevedzera, izvo nechinangwa panguva Kuziviswa musimboti chinhu kuitwa kudzidza. Axiomatization - asika dzidziso yakavakirwa axioms. Tsvagai-deductive nzira iri kuumba kunofambidzana deductive hypotheses izvo isu vanogona empirical ndezvipi pamusoro vadzidza chokwadi.

The mhando uye nzira ruzivo zvakananga zvakabatana. Pasi siyana zivo kunzwisisa rwesayenzi facts, hypotheses, misimboti, matambudziko, pfungwa, pfungwa, mhando uye mitemo.